双相不锈钢与微合金钢异金属焊接接头的组织及性能

采用ER2209焊丝对双相不锈钢SAF2205与微合金管线钢X65进行熔化极气体保护焊接,获得了具有良好力学性能的异种钢焊接接头.焊接接头不同区域显微组织观察和成分分析表明,微合金钢与不锈钢焊缝间存在异金属熔合区和第二类边界线,熔合区存在Ni、Cr的浓度梯度分布,且硬度高于两侧的焊缝和母材.通过宏观拉伸、缺口拉伸和低温冲击实验测试了焊接接头的力学性能,并获得了接头不同部位在1mol.L-1NaCl溶液中的极化曲线.拉伸试样断裂发生于强度相对较低的微合金钢母材.焊缝金属的缺口拉伸强度和冲击韧性均略低于双相不锈钢母材,但腐蚀电位略高于母材.微合金钢热影响区与母材力学性能相当,腐蚀电位略高于母材.     

X80管线钢焊接接头重构及其在NACE溶液中的腐蚀行为

借助模块化的阵列电极制备技术对X80管线钢焊接接头进行模拟重构,并采用经典电化学测试技术与微电极阵列测试技术研究X80钢模拟焊接接头在CO_2饱和的NACE溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,孤立的母材区开路电位最正,热影响区次之,焊缝金属的开路电位最负;腐蚀电流密度表现为焊缝母材热影响区;在NACE溶液的浸泡过程中,焊缝区始终作为腐蚀电偶对的的主阳极,腐蚀加速;热影响区始终作为主阴极,腐蚀减缓,母材微电极随着与焊缝区距离不同,其电流极性不一、交替出现。在本文实验条件下,焊缝区是X80钢模拟焊接接头的薄弱环节。     

X70管线钢焊接接头组织及其海水腐蚀规律

对X70管线钢现场实际焊接工艺下的焊接接头,采用显微镜、电化学方法及失重法等方法和手段对母材、焊缝、热影响区进行了显微组织分析和在海水中的极化曲线、腐蚀速率的测试,研究焊接接头在模拟海水环境中的腐蚀性能。研究表明,X70管线钢焊接接头各区域组织不均匀,实验室模拟海水环境下的电化学行为、腐蚀速率存在明显差异;在海水腐蚀过程中腐蚀电位和腐蚀速率会发生变化,热影响区（HAZ）与母材及焊缝形成电偶腐蚀,接头腐蚀以点蚀为主。     

X65管线钢焊接接头抗开裂性能及止裂性能

为了研究X65管线钢焊接接头的抗开裂性能和母材的止裂性能，对接头的金相组织进行了观察，并且进行了接头各区域裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)试验和母材的落锤撕裂试验(DWTT)。试验结果表明：X65钢焊接接头焊缝和母材相比，组织粗大且不均匀，其冲击韧度和断裂韧度值均明显低于母材；X65钢管材对应剪切面积为40％的温度约为 -35℃，X65钢母材的抗开裂性能明显优于焊缝，且具有良好的止裂性能。     

温度对3%Cr管线钢CO_2腐蚀产物膜的影响

经济型低Cr合金钢具有较好的抗CO2腐蚀性能,利用高温高压反应釜研究了3%Cr管线钢的CO2腐蚀行为,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)等对腐蚀产物膜的微观形貌、化学成分以及结构进行分析,探讨了温度对3%Cr管线钢腐蚀产物膜的影响.结果表明,CO2分压0.8 MPa、液体流速1.0 m.s-1时,在40～140℃范围内,3%Cr管线钢均未发生局部腐蚀,其平均腐蚀速率呈先升高后降低的趋势,峰值温度在100℃左右.3%Cr管线钢的腐蚀产物膜具有两层结构:内层膜为致密的富Cr层(Cr富集程度可高达Cr/Fe=8/5),主要由含Cr化合物和非晶态FeCO3构成,并随着温度的升高,Cr富集程度增加,内层膜厚度降低;外层膜则由晶态FeCO3堆积而成.     

国产X70管线钢与焊接接头组织及SSCC性能

输气管道的服役条件多为潮湿环境,输送介质含H2S.随着国产X70管线钢在西气东输工程中的应用,国产高强度管线钢硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC)性能研究显得尤为重要.为此,测试、分析了国产X70管线钢及其焊缝的组织,进一步采用慢应变速率法(SSRT)研究了H2S对国产X70管线钢及其焊接接头SSCC的影响,国产X70管线钢及其焊接接头在含H2S腐蚀介质中应力腐蚀敏感性随H2S浓度的增加而增加,在H2S质量分数为50×10-400时,母材的脆性系数为19. 9500,焊缝的脆性系数高达59. 1900.若以2500视为安全值,则在H2S浓度为50×10-40时的母材就SSCC而言是安全的,而焊缝却是不安全的.     

A710高强耐候钢焊接接头耐蚀性分析

通过干、湿交替周期浸润试验和浸泡试验,结合腐蚀形貌观察和电化学测试,对A710高强耐候钢母材和焊接接头在模拟海洋大气环境(3.5%NaCl溶液)中的耐蚀性能差异进行了研究。结果表明,A710钢焊接接头不同区域的显微组织存在明显差异,即母材主要为铁素体,热影响区主要由铁素体和贝氏体组成,还有大量M-A岛,焊缝区则主要为贝氏体及少量针状铁素体,这种组织的不均匀性使得A710钢的焊接接头区域在3.5%NaCl溶液中形成了众多微电偶腐蚀电池,而多个微电偶腐蚀电池耦合会导致焊接接头发生宏观电偶腐蚀,焊缝和热影响区为阳极,母材为阴极;电偶腐蚀的存在则导致A710钢焊接接头在模拟海洋大气环境中的平均腐蚀速率高于母材。     

非等强焊接接头的屈服载荷

焊接接头热影响区软化是TMCP钢不可避免的问题.为分析这种接头的承载能力,利用滑移线场的变形机制,考虑焊缝和热影响区的强度相对于母材的变化,以及它们的宽度相对于板厚的变化,给出了包含有焊缝、热影响区和母材的拉伸试样屈服载荷的计算方法.计算结果表明,热影响区的硬化或软化及其宽度对接头屈服载荷有直接的影响.热影响区软化的焊接接头承载能力可以通过提高焊缝强度来补偿.该分析方法适于TMCP钢焊接接头焊缝强度的初步设计.     

X80管线钢在近中性pH溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂

采用电化学动电位扫描技术、慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)试验和扫描电镜观察研究了X80管线钢及焊接接头在NS4溶液中的应力腐蚀行为.电化学实验结果显示,X80管线钢及焊接接头在NS4溶液中的极化曲线具有典型的活性溶解特征.SSRT试验结果表明,随着外加电位的负移,断裂时间、断面收缩率、应变量都明显变小,X80管线钢及焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性增加,应力腐蚀断口呈现穿晶准解理特征.施加相同外加电位时,焊接接头较母材的应力腐蚀敏感性增加,其断裂位置全部落在焊缝或HAZ处.     

微弧氧化处理提高AZ31B镁合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的耐蚀性

为提高镁合金焊接接头的耐蚀性,对6mm厚的AZ31B板材搅拌摩擦焊焊缝进行微弧氧化处理,并研究焊缝的微观组织、截面显微硬度及其微弧氧化前后的耐蚀性.结果表明:接头的微观组织明显分为3个区域:焊核区、热机械影响区及热影响区,并且接头整体硬度低于母材,焊接时焊核部位出现软化现象,导致其硬度最低.盐水浸泡实验和电化学测试表明,微弧氧化前焊缝的耐蚀性低于母材,经过微弧氧化处理后,焊缝表面形成一层致密光滑的陶瓷膜,极大提高其耐蚀性.并且,经同工艺微弧氧化处理后,焊缝表面微弧氧化膜要比母材的微弧氧化膜厚.     

Comparative study on the corrosion behavior of X52, 3Cr,and 13Cr steel in an O2–H2O–CO2 system: products,reaction kinetics,and pitting sensitivity

The corrosionbehaviors of X52, 3Cr low-alloy steel, and 13Cr stainless steel were investigated inanO2–H2O–CO2 environment at varioustemperaturesand O2–CO2partial-pressure ratios. The results showed thatthe corrosion rates of X52, 3Cr, and 13Cr steels in-creased with increasing temperature. The corrosion ratesslowly increased at temperaturesless than100℃ and increased sharply when the temperature exceeded100℃. In the absence of O2, X52, 3Cr, and 13Cr exhibited uniform corrosion morphology and FeCO3 was the main corrosion product. When O2 was introduced into the system, various forms of Fe2O3 appeared on the surface of the samples. The Cr content strongly influenced the corrosion resistance. The 3Cr steel with a low Cr content was more sensitive to pitting than the X52 or 13Cr steel. Thus, pitting occurred on the surface of 3Cr when 1.25 MPa of O2 was added; this phenomenon is related to the non-uniform distribution of Cr in 3Cr.     

Effect of welding process on the microstructure and properties of dissimilar weld joints between low alloy steel and duplex stainless steel

To obtain high-quality dissimilar weld joints, the processes of metal inert gas (MIG) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding for duplex stainless steel (DSS) and low alloy steel were compared in this paper. The microstructure and corrosion morphology of dissimilar weld joints were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the chemical compositions in different zones were detected by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS); the mechanical properties were measured by microhardness test, tensile test, and impact test; the corrosion behavior was evaluated by polarization curves. Obvious concentration gradients of Ni and Cr exist between the fusion boundary and the type II boundary, where the hardness is much higher. The impact toughness of weld metal by MIG welding is higher than that by TIG welding. The corrosion current density of TIG weld metal is higher than that of MIG weld metal in a 3.5wt% NaCl solution. Galvanic corrosion happens between low alloy steel and weld metal, revealing the weakness of low alloy steel in industrial service. The quality of joints produced by MIG welding is better than that by TIG welding in mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. MIG welding with the filler metal ER2009 is the suitable welding process for dissimilar metals jointing between UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel and low alloy steel in practical application.     

Q235管线钢焊接接头微区电化学行为

研究了燃气旧管道Q235管线钢焊接接头各个微观区域在土壤模拟溶液中的电化学行为.测量了各个微区的极化曲线,测定了相关的电化学参数.结果表明,各区域的Ecorr由低至高和icorr由大至小的顺序依次为:熔合线,不完全正火区,过热区,正火区,回火区,母材,焊缝区.同一个焊接接头的七个不同热经历区域暴露于同一电解质时,也将构成一个多电极体系.其中,熔合线和不完全正火区将成为复杂多电极体系形成的原电池中的阳极,最可能遭受到优先的腐蚀溶解;焊缝区和母材区则是原电池中的阴极,腐蚀敏感性低且在一定程度上受到阴极保护.     

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study on the corrosion of the weld zone of 3Cr steel welded joints in CO_2 environments

The welded joints of 3Cr pipeline steel were fabricated with commercial welding wire using the gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW) technique. Potentiodynamic polarization curves, linear polarization resistance(LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and energy-dispersive spectrometry(EDS) were used to investigate the corrosion resistance and the growth of a corrosion film on the weld zone(WZ). The changes in electrochemical characteristics of the film were obtained through fitting of the EIS data. The results showed that the average corrosion rate of the WZ in CO2 environments first increased, then fluctuated, and finally decreased gradually. The formation of the film on the WZ was divided into three stages: dynamic adsorption, incomplete-coverage layer formation, and integral layer formation.     

X70异种钢焊接接头的电偶腐蚀行为

利用SEM和光学显微镜对X70异种钢焊接接头进行显微组织观察,并在模拟土壤溶液中测量各区极化曲线以及焊缝和X70钢以不同面积比偶合时的电偶腐蚀电流.结果表明,该接头熔合区很窄,无类马氏体存在,焊缝为细小树枝晶,Nb和Mo元素严重偏析于枝晶间,在实验溶液中该区呈钝化状态,具有优异的耐蚀性.热影响区粗晶区主要为粗大贝氏铁素体和分布不均匀的长条状M-A组元,而X70母材为细小贝氏体组织,二者腐蚀行为无明显差别,阳极极化电位超过150mV时前者的极化率略高于后者.在焊缝与X70的电偶腐蚀中,阴极反应受氧扩散控制,随阴/阳极面积比增大,X70腐蚀电流密度急剧增加,具有近似"汇集原理"的腐蚀特点,偶合时焊缝阴极极化电位很高,受到完全保护.     

304 L不锈钢焊缝在混凝土模拟孔隙液中的点蚀行为

采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱、Mott-Schottky曲线等电化学方法研究了以308 L为焊丝的304 L不锈钢焊接接头在不同氯离子含量的混凝土模拟孔隙液中腐蚀行为和电化学规律。随Cl-增加,304 L不锈钢焊接接头的三个区域(母材、焊缝和热影响区)在混凝土模拟孔隙液中的自腐蚀电位、点蚀电位及电荷转移电阻降低,钝化膜中载流子密度和焊接接头的点蚀坑数量增加。在同浓度的腐蚀溶液中,308 L的焊缝区域耐蚀性最佳,热影响区次之,304 L基体表现出低的电荷转移电阻和高的掺杂浓度使得母材的耐蚀性最差。     

14MnNbq钢焊接接头低周疲劳性能

对三种焊接方式;手弧焊,CO2气体保护焊和Ar气体保护焊的14MnNbq风焊接头进行了低周疲劳试验,表明焊缝金属比母材有较大的强化,在低应变幅值时,CO2气体保护焊显示出较高寿命,在高应变幅值时,Ar气体保护焊疲劳寿命高一些。     

12Cr1MoV/TP347H异种钢焊接接头时效过程中界面组织演变

The interfacial microstructure evolution of 12Cr1MoV/TP347H dissimilar steel welded joints with a nickel-based filler metal during aging was studied in detail to elucidate the mechanism of premature failures of this kind of joints. The results showed that not only a band of granular Cr₂₃C₆ carbides were formed along the fusion boundary in the ferritic steel during aging, but also a large number of granular or plate-like Cr₂₃C₆ carbides, which have a cube–cube orientation relationship with the matrix, were also precipitated on the weld metal side of the fusion boundary, making this zone be etched more easily than the other zone and become a dark etched band. Stacking faults were found in some Cr₂₃C₆ carbides. In the as-welded state, deformation twins were observed in the weld metal with a fully austenitic structure. The peak microhardness was shifted from the ferritic steel side to the weld metal side of the fusion boundary after aging and the peak value increased significantly. Based on the experimental results, a mechanism of premature failures of the joints was proposed.     

20钢和16Mn钢在模拟CO2驱环境的腐蚀电化学行为

为提供CO2驱油环境中地面管线钢的选材依据,本文通过动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗谱研究了20、16Mn钢在模拟CO2驱溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为,并对数据进行了拟合分析。结果表明：在饱和CO2条件下,20钢在低温阶段易形成具有保护性的产物膜,而随着温度逐渐升高,产物膜变的疏松,腐蚀加剧;16Mn钢在中低温阶段,随着温度的升高,腐蚀加剧,饱和的CO2极大的促进了腐蚀的发生。