玉米自交系在缺磷胁迫下的5种抗氧化酶活性变化的研究

以珍珠岩作基质固体培养4种不同基因型玉米自交系材料，设置：0．25mol／LKH2PO4全磷（对照）、0mol／LKH2PO4（缺磷）2种处理，于第5，7，9，11d考察超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性的变化．缺磷时不同自交系相同抗氧化酶活性的变化趋势不一致．相同自交系的不同抗氧化酶在缺磷胁迫下的变化趋势也有差异．结论：不能仅用1种膜保护酶在胁迫时活性的高低来判断材料是耐缺磷胁迫型还是缺磷敏感型．应综合考虑这5种保护酶活性．     

低温弱光对番茄叶片和根系中抗氧化酶系统的影响

弱光(60μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))下10℃低温处理增强了番茄叶片和根系中SOD、POD的活性;5℃处理虽促进了叶片和根系中POD,以及根系中SOD的活性,但导致了叶片中SOD活性的下降;低温弱光导致了叶片和根系中CAT活性的显著降低。正常光温下恢复14d后,10℃处理植株叶片中SOD、CAT和根系中CAT活性均能恢复到对照水平,叶片中POD和根系中SOD、POD活性也能保持较高的活性甚至还有所上升;5℃处理植株叶片中SOD、POD活性能恢复到对照水平或仍保持较高活性,CAT的活性也能得到很大程度上的恢复,而根系中虽然SOD活性有所上升,但CAT只有轻微的恢复,POD活性则反而下降。     

低温弱光对番茄叶片和根系中抗氧化酶系统的影响

弱光(60μmol·m-2·s-1)下10℃低温处理增强了番茄叶片和根系中SOD、POD的活性;5℃处理虽促进了叶片和根系中POD,以及根系中SOD的活性,但导致了叶片中SOD活性的下降;低温弱光导致了叶片和根系中CAT活性的显著降低.正常光温下恢复14d后,10℃处理植株叶片中SOD、CAT和根系中CAT活性均能恢复到对照水平,叶片中POD和根系中SOD、POD活性也能保持较高的活性甚至还有所上升;5℃处理植株叶片中SOD、POD活性能恢复到对照水平或仍保持较高活性,CAT的活性也能得到很大程度上的恢复,而根系中虽然SOD活性有所上升,但CAT只有轻微的恢复,POD活性则反而下降.     

重金属铬（Ⅲ）胁迫对红树植物秋茄幼苗SOD、POD活性及其同工酶的影响

砂基栽培红树植物秋茄(Kandelia candel)幼苗60 d,研究重金属Cr(Ⅲ)不同暴污强度(0～300 mg/L)的环境胁迫下,对秋茄幼苗根系及叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响以及其同工酶谱的变化.结果表明:随着Cr(Ⅲ)浓度的提高,秋茄幼苗根系及叶片SOD活性均表现为先上升后下降的变化趋势,并均高于对照,其中根系SOD持最高活性的Cr浓度在25～50 mg/L,叶片在10 mg/L左右,受Cr(Ⅲ)胁迫,秋茄幼苗根系POD活性普遍明显高于对照,而叶片POD活性则明显低于对照,在有效防御Cr胁迫伤害方面,根系比叶片具有更大的耐受性,POD活性对Cr的敏感性大于SOD.受Cr(Ⅲ)的胁迫,秋茄幼苗根系或叶片SOD和POD活性的变化与同工酶的谱带数量和强弱的变化密切相关.     

邻株低磷竞争处理对杉木幼苗生长的影响

以南方林区广泛种植杉木无性系为研究对象,利用室内沙培模拟装置,设置缺磷(0 mg/kg KH2PO4)、低磷(6 mg/kg KH2PO4)和正常供磷(12 mg/kg KH2PO4)3个供磷水平,构建邻株磷竞争环境.结果表明:邻株低磷竞争处理可明显促进杉木苗高生长,但竞争条件下,缺磷处理抑制杉木苗高生长.不同邻株磷竞争处理条件下杉木地径生长差异未达显著水平.在邻株低磷竞争处理条件下杉木根系长度、表面积、直径、体积等形态指标增量最大.     

干旱胁迫下淫羊藿总黄酮与保护酶活性

采用分光光度法测定干旱胁迫下淫羊藿植物过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）的含量；用紫外分光光度法测定植物总黄酮含量变化.结果表明：随干旱胁迫的增强叶内POD活性和MDA含量上升.SOD在前12 d活性上升，后12 d下降.黄酮的含量在干旱处理的第2 d达到最大值，4 d后回到对照水平，但其后含量与对照没有明显差异.说明淫羊藿有一定的抗旱性(但是植株在SOD活性下降到对照以下水平后就死亡)，黄酮含量与淫羊藿早期抗旱性之间有明显相关性.     

低温胁迫对长苞铁杉幼苗的生理影响

经模拟低温(-12、-8、-4、0、4℃)胁迫处理后,长苞铁杉幼苗叶片和根系相关生理指标均发生明显变化.随着温度降低,叶片光合色素含量增加,但反映光合活性强弱的Chla/Chlb降低;叶片中渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量增加,呈极显著正相关(r=0.804,p＜0.01),根系中可溶性糖含量的减少说明根对低温胁迫的渗透调节更依赖于脯氨酸的累积.幼苗在-4℃及更低温度胁迫下受到严重的冻害使SOD活性持续下降,叶片中POD活性与SOD活性变化呈极显著负相关(r=-0.908,p＜0.01),但根系中POD活性与SOD活性没有相关性,说明长苞铁杉幼苗对抗外界胁迫机理的复杂性.叶片MDA含量比根系低可能与叶片中Car能缓解1O2对细胞的伤害有关.     

渗透胁迫对小麦幼苗生理功能的影响

渗透胁迫下，小麦幼苗根系和叶片ABA，CaM水平提高，保护酶（SOD与POD）活性上升。结果初步表明：第2信号系统Ca^2 /CaM参与了干旱化学信号ABA的传递，引起小麦幼苗根系和叶片SOD，POD活性的升高。     

水杨酸对水分胁迫下菜豆若干生理指标的影响

考察了外源水杨酸处理对水分胁迫下菜豆幼苗叶片的含水量、光合色素含量、电解质外渗率及SOD、POD、CAT活性和根的电解质外渗率及SOD、POD、CAT活性的影响．结果表明：外源水杨酸能减缓水分胁迫下菜豆幼苗叶片含水量和光合色素含量的下降，保持叶片的SOD、CAT和根的SOD、POD、CAT活性，但却增加了叶片和根的电解质外渗率，降低了叶片POD的活性．由此看出，水杨酸可以在一定程度上够缓解水分胁迫对菜豆幼苗造成的伤害．     

茉莉酸甲酯对西伯利亚百合茎尖脱毒试管苗生理特性的影响

以西伯利亚百合为材料,研究了茉莉酸甲酯处理对试管苗成活率、幼苗叶片中POD、SOD、CAT活性和脯氨酸、丙二醛、总酚含量的影响.结果表明:低浓度的茉莉酸甲酯(0.5～1μmol·L-1)能较为有效的提高外植体的成活率,用浓度的茉莉酸甲酯处理试管苗后叶片中POD、SOD、CAT的活性和脯氨酸的含量均有所增加,而丙二醛和总酚的含量较对照有所下降;高浓度的茉莉酸甲酯(2～3 μmol·L-1)则对试管苗的生长有明显的抑制作用,尤其当MeJA浓度达到3μmol·L-1时对试管苗的抑制作用最强,总体上用浓度的茉莉酸甲酯处理试管苗提高试管苗的抗逆性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with