大鼠自发性乳腺间变型腺癌对抗肿瘤药物敏感性的研究

研究了大鼠自发性乳腺间变形腺癌对抗肿瘤药物的敏感性，应用五类抗肿瘤药物对大鼠自发性乳腺间变形腺癌进行了敏感性试验。结果表明，大鼠自发性乳腺间变型腺癌对植物类药物，抗代谢类药莪，烷化剂类药物和抗菌素类药物敏感，揭示了大鼠自发性乳腺间变型腺癌对抗肿瘤药物的敏感性比较广泛，是一株对抗肿瘤药物有广谱敏感性的瘤株。     

黄芪多糖对裸小鼠癌性腹水抑瘤作用的实验研究

本文应用人肺腺癌（Ａｎｉｐ９７３）人结肠癌（ＨＣ）实验模型证明：黄芪多糖（ＡＰＳ）制剂有明显的抑瘤作用，ＡＰＳ腹腔内注射０．５ｍｌ／天连续二周，Ａｎｉｐ９７３组ＡＰＳ的抑瘤率为３３％，Ｐ＜０．０１；与对照组相比差异显著。ＨＣ组ＡＰＳ抑瘤率为２０％，Ｐ＞０．０１；无显著意义。实验中我们发现ＡＰＳ无毒性、无副作用，不使裸小鼠体重、脾重量减轻，显然ＡＰＳ对各种肿瘤的治疗，可增强机体的免疫功能，抗病毒感染有着重要的临床意义。     

云芝糖肽对裸鼠荷人肝癌的抑制作用

比较了云芝糖肽（Ｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅ—ｐｒｐｔｉｄｅｏｆＣｏｒｉｏｌｕｓｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌｏｒ，ＰＳＰ）单方和云芝糖肽复方（ＰＳＰ＋丹参＋川芎＋黄芪）对荷人肝癌ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ裸鼠的治疗作用，并观察了裸鼠体内脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的变化．试验结果表明，ＰＳＰ单方和复方按０．５～１．０ｇ／ｋｇ（体重）．ｄ连续用药２８天，对裸鼠荷人肝癌有明显的抑制作用，抑瘤率为５２％～５８％，增加药物剂量并不增强其抑瘤效果。裸鼠红细胞内５ＯＤ活性与对照组相比明显增强（单方：Ｐ＜０．０５；复方：Ｐ＜０．０１）．裸鼠血浆内ＬＰＯ含量有所下降，而以ＰＳＰ复方组对裸鼠血浆中过氧化反应的减弱更为显著。提示ＰＳＰ单方和复方的抑瘤效应可能与提高宿主的抗氧化能力有关。     

扶桑花石油醚提取物(HR-1)的抗早孕作用以及对大鼠血清生殖激素的影响(英文)

观察不同剂量的扶桑花提取物在宫内注射大鼠的抗早孕效果．实验结果显示：（１）每侧子宫给予１０ｍｇ，２０ｍｇ和３０ｍｇ的石油醚提取物（ＨＲ１）后，子宫内死胚和损伤胚的百分率分别达到８１．６％，９２．０％和９９．０％，胚胎平均大小分别为０．３０ｃｍ，０．３１ｃｍ及０．１７ｃｍ，明显小于对照组的胚胎０．７５ｃｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１）．（２）给药各组的血清ＦＳＨ（）和雌二醇呈下降趋势，血清ＬＨ（）及孕酮水平仅在３０ｍｇ剂量组明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）．这提示，ＨＲ１在大鼠的抗早孕作用与垂体和卵巢激素的降低有关     

肝硬化失代偿期患者血清垂体及性激素水平的变化

目的 探索男性肝硬化失代偿期患者血清性激素及垂体激素的变化与肝功能损害程度的关系。方法 应用放射免疫分析法检测４８例男性肝硬化失代偿期患者血清性激素、睾酮（Ｔ）、雌二醇（Ｅ２）、垂体激素、促卵泡生成素（ＦＳＨ）、促黄体生成素（ＬＨ）及催乳素（ＰＲＬ）水平的变化。结果 患者血清Ｔ水平明显降低（Ｐ〈０．００１），而Ｅ２（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＰＲＬ（Ｐ〈０．００１），ＦＳＨ（Ｐ〈０．０５）水平均不同程度高于     

鸡大肠杆菌的菌株鉴定及药物敏感试验

对4株鸡致腹泻大肠杆菌分离株分别进行了培养、生化鉴定和抗药性测试．结果表明：4株鸡大肠杆菌对青霉素类等14种药物都产生广泛的抗药性,但对喹诺酮类药物、氨基糖甙类药物、菌必治及一些价格低廉的药物（如新霉素、复方新诺明和痢特灵等药物）较为敏感．     

复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病菌种分子分类与药敏的研究

目的探讨临床分离酵母菌分子分类方法和药物敏感性特征.方法临床收集复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的93株酵母菌,应用法国生物梅里埃酵母菌药敏试剂盒ATBTMFUNGUS3进行体外药物敏感性试验,以核糖体基因26S rDNA D1/D2区的序列分析为依据研究其菌种的分子分类方法.结果 93株酵母菌分为光滑假丝酵母菌（38/93）、白色假丝酵母菌（23/93）、近平滑假丝酵母菌（16/93）、似平滑假丝酵母菌（9/93）等9个种11个基因型.其中有18株为敏感株,3株完全耐药.5种常用抗真菌药物的敏感性是5FC 83.87%,AMB 93.55%,FCA 27.96%,ITR 21.51%,VRC 43.01%.结论基于核糖体基因的分子分类法可以准确鉴定酵母菌临床分离株,复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病菌种呈现以光滑假丝酵母菌为主的非白色假丝酵母菌占75.27%的分布特征.93株酵母菌对AMB,5FC的敏感性高于三唑类药物,三唑类药物中ITR耐药率高于VRC,FCA.药物敏感性与菌种有关.     

不同药物对心理应激猕猴的抗应激作用

本文以心理应激猕猴为动物模型,比较研究了猕猴应激前后外周血中ＡＣＴＨ、皮质醇、胰岛素以及游离Ｔ３,Ｔ４的变化,并对安定、心得安等药物的抗应激效应进行了初步的探讨．实验结果表明,在应激前后,ＡＣＴＨ、皮质醇呈显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１）,胰岛素呈上升趋势．安定可使应激动物的ＡＣＴＨ、皮质醇的水平明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）,但是,对ＦＴ３,ＦＴ４的影响不明显．心得安对各种激素无明显影响．     

六年中裸小鼠繁殖群动物自发性肿瘤发病情况研究

对饲养于ＳＰＦ条件下的４６６只ＮＣ系自育选留的繁殖群小鼠自发性中瘤发病情况进行了６年观察，研究其中包括纯合子雄鼠（ｎｕ／ｎｕ）１６４只，杂合了雄鼠（ｎｕ／＋）３０２只。每只动物的平均观察时间均达７个月以上，淘汰时均详细解剖学检查，检出病变者进行病理组织学及透射电镜观察确诊。多数肿瘤病例结合裸鼠间可移植性鉴定。共检出自发性肿瘤７例，发生于纯合子裸鼠（♂，ｎｕ／ｎｕ）５例，杂合子裸鼠（♂，ｎｕ／＋）２例。本结果表明，在相同饲养环境条件下，裸鼠（♂，ｎｕ、／ｎｕ）的自发性肿瘤发病率（３．０４％）比其同系的有胸腺杂合子裸鼠（♀，ｎｕ／＋）（０．６６％）明显增高，两者发病比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），且前者的平均发瘤鼠龄比后者为短。结果支持了免疫功能缺陷的裸鼠比其同系免疫功能正常鼠有更高的自发性肿瘤发生的观点。且表明了ＮＣ系裸鼠的自发性肿瘤以恶性上皮性肿瘤为主。此外作者针对前人的观察结果，提出了对一裸群体的自发性肿瘤的正确评价，必须是在相同的生存环境条件下，相同的观察时间内与相同品系或相同基因背景的有胸腺小鼠进行比较，并经详细的病理学检查，才能得出较客观可靠的结论这一见解。     

Ce（IV）-SO32-化学发光体系测定氟喹诺酮类药物

发现氟喹诺酮类药物诺氟沙星（ＮＦ） 、盐酸环丙沙星（ＣＰ） 、氧氟沙星（ＯＦ） 、盐酸洛美沙星（ＬＭ） 均可在Ｃｅ（ Ⅳ） － Ｎａ２ＳＯ３ 化学发光体系中产生响应, 据此对上述４ 种药物进行化学发光测定． 方法的检出限分别为诺氟沙星０－３３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ, 盐酸环丙沙星０－３３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ, 氧氟沙星０－０４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ, 盐酸洛美沙星０－３３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ．     

多糖免疫药物研究进展

对多糖作为免疫制剂的研究进展和发展方向进行了概述，讨论了多糖的抗肿瘤、抗病毒的特性，提出了多糖制剂的发展前景。     

RANK ligand mediates progestin-induced mammary epithelial proliferation and carcinogenesis

RANK ligand (RANKL), a TNF-related molecule, is essential for osteoclast formation, function and survival through interaction with its receptor RANK. Mammary glands of RANK- and RANKL-deficient mice develop normally during sexual maturation, but fail to form lobuloalveolar structures during pregnancy because of defective proliferation and increased apoptosis of mammary epithelium. It has been shown that RANKL is responsible for the major proliferative response of mouse mammary epithelium to progesterone during mammary lactational morphogenesis, and in mouse models, manipulated to induce activation of the RANK/RANKL pathway in the absence of strict hormonal control, inappropriate mammary proliferation is observed. However, there is no evidence so far of a functional contribution of RANKL to tumorigenesis. Here we show that RANK and RANKL are expressed within normal, pre-malignant and neoplastic mammary epithelium, and using complementary gain-of-function (mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV)-RANK transgenic mice) and loss-of function (pharmacological inhibition of RANKL) approaches, define a direct contribution of this pathway in mammary tumorigenesis. Accelerated pre-neoplasias and increased mammary tumour formation were observed in MMTV-RANK transgenic mice after multiparity or treatment with carcinogen and hormone (progesterone). Reciprocally, selective pharmacological inhibition of RANKL attenuated mammary tumour development not only in hormone- and carcinogen-treated MMTV-RANK and wild-type mice, but also in the MMTV-neu transgenic spontaneous tumour model. The reduction in tumorigenesis upon RANKL inhibition was preceded by a reduction in pre-neoplasias as well as rapid and sustained reductions in hormone- and carcinogen-induced mammary epithelial proliferation and cyclin D1 levels. Collectively, our results indicate that RANKL inhibition is acting directly on hormone-induced mammary epithelium at early stages in tumorigenesis, and the permissive contribution of progesterone to increased mammary cancer incidence is due to RANKL-dependent proliferative changes in the mammary epithelium. The current study highlights a potential role for RANKL inhibition in the management of proliferative breast disease.     

小麦抗白粉病性与酶活性的关系

测定了７个小麦抗，感白粉病品种抽穗期叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶，多酚氧化酶，过氧化物酶的活性。结果表明，在抗病品种中，三种酶的活性均高于感病品种，酶的活性病情指数呈负相关。     

基于临床应用的中药“十八反”宜忌条件及配伍关系研究思路

 “相反”药物配伍应用自古不乏其例,一味遵循“十八反”,是否制约着治疗用药,使一些疑难杂症无法治愈,使中医药“相反相激”的快捷疗效无法体现？而全盘否定,是否又会误用后引起中毒、甚至死亡而涂炭生灵？这些均是悬而未决的问题.鉴于临床应用中,“相反”药物配伍多用于特定的病理条件下,本文提出在临床应用的基础上,选择含有反药配伍的经方,针对其主治病证病理条件下“相反”药物配伍的不同条件进行研究,从而挖掘基于临床应用的中药“十八反”宜忌条件及配伍关系,对完善中药配伍理论和指导临床“相反”药物配伍具有重要的理论价值和现实意义.     

Lactogenic receptor regulation in hormone-stimulated steroidogenic cells

Receptor sites for lactogenic hormones such as prolactin (PRL), human growth hormone (HGH), and placental lactogens, are widely distributed in mammalian tissues, including mammary glands, steroid-secreting cells of the adrenal, testis, and ovary, and target cells of steroid hormone action such as liver, prostrate, and kidney. Although the biological functions of lactogen binding sites remain uncertain, a relationship between prolactin and lipoprotein metabolism is implied by the occurrence of prolactin receptors in steroidogenic cells of the gonads and adrenal, and by the ability of prolactin to increase esterified cholesterol in the testis. Recently, loss of testicular prolactin receptors has been observed following elevation of circulating luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations by the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and its agonist analogues. The hormone dependence of lactogen receptor sites in steroid-secreting cells was further analysed in rat testis, ovary, and adrenal glands after treatment with the respective trophic hormones, gonadotropin and ACTH. In each of these tissues, rapid and transient loss of lactogen receptors was observed after trophic hormone stimulation. These findings indicate that increased turnover of lactogen receptors is an important component of the target-cell response, and suggest that prolactin receptors might be involved in the transport of lipoprotein precursors for steroid biosynthesis.     

Influence of local vascularity on hormone receptors in mammary gland

Procedures, such as teat removal (thelectomy) or teat duct ligation, which prevent removal of milk, lead to rapid involution of the lactating mammary gland; performed unilaterally they have been used previously to study the biochemistry of involution, enabling a comparison of normal and involuting glands in the same animal against the same systematic hormonal environment. Both the protein hormone prolactin and the steroid hormone oestrogen are of importance in the development and function of the mammary gland. In the present experiments, female Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally thelectomised and the binding to the mammary gland of prolactin and oestrogen was examined through pregnancy, lactation and weaning. There was an effect of thelectomy during lactation only, when levels of both receptors increased in the intact lactating gland but failed to rise in the thelectomised, involuting gland. Capillary closure is known to occur in the mammary glands of rats after 36-48 h of milk accumulation. The rate of delivery of hormones to the tissue will be drastically reduced and it is concluded that this, rather than systemic hormone levels, is of importance in controlling receptor levels.     

Steroid-free glucocorticoid receptor binds specifically to mouse mammary tumour virus DNA

Steroid hormones are thought to modulate gene expression through their interaction with receptor proteins. The intracellular localization of unoccupied receptor proteins has been a subject of controversy: free glucocorticoid receptor appears to reside in the cytoplasm and moves to the cell nucleus only after binding the steroid. The purified hormone-bound glucocorticoid receptor has been shown to bind selectively to hormone regulatory elements (HRE) in the vicinity of hormonally-inducible promoters and, in particular, in the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV). We have tackled the question of whether the hormone itself is required for the interaction of the receptor protein with the HRE. Using monoclonal antibodies to the receptor we find that upon heat-activation the steroid-free glucocorticoid receptor present in rat liver cytosol binds specifically in vitro to the HRE of MMTV. No qualitative differences in the DNaseI-footprints were detected when hormone-free receptor was compared to the hormone-receptor complex or even receptor complexed with the hormone antagonist RU486. We conclude that the steroid ligand is not an absolute requirement for generating the conformation of the glucocorticoid receptor that allows its interaction with the HRE in vitro. An alternative function of the hormone in vivo could be to modulate nuclear partitioning of the receptor.     

信息熵在临床定量诊断分析中的研究及应用

本文借鉴信息论的分析方法提出人体内分泌激素的定量诊断分析表,对乳腺癌疾病的诊断提供量化依据,可以减少不必要的手术和病人的痛苦,同时对分析内分泌系统的生理和疾病的原因、临床治疗、教学、科研及推广应用是有帮助的.     

中药“十八反”的历史沿革、宜忌争论与思考建议

 为分析“十八反”的历史沿革及研究现状、提出下一步开展“十八反”研究的建议, 回顾了“相反”理论的提出、“十八反”歌诀的出现、目前药典对“十八反”的相关规定。从文献记载、临床报道、实验研究３个方面论述了关于“十八反”的宜忌争论。分析整理文献、总结“十八反”在临床研究和实验研究方面的进展, 可以看出临床方面的研究多是从文献的角度, 进行回顾性总结, 从中挖掘整理“十八反”反药组合的临床安全性评价和配伍应用规律。而关于“十八反”的实验研究则主要从化学物质基础、药理学、毒理学等方面开展。     

Relaxin affects the central control of oxytocin release

In several species the myometrium is quiescent shortly before parturition. At this time high titres of relaxin are present in the plasma and there is evidence that the hormone has a direct inhibitory action on the uterine muscle. Relaxin could also contribute to uterine quiescence by inhibiting oxytocin release. To determine whether relaxin has a central action on the release of oxytocin, we have studied the effect of intravenous injections of porcine relaxin on milk ejection in the anaesthetized lactating rat. We report that reflex milk ejection was suppressed by relaxin in a dose-dependent manner, the onset of inhibition being rapid and lasting from 10 to 60 min. After the period of inhibition the normal temporal pattern of reflex milk ejection was resumed. Mammary sensitivity to exogenous or endogenous oxytocin was reduced by relaxin but not sufficiently to explain the effects observed. Furthermore, relaxin (1 microgram per rat) injected into the cerebral ventricles profoundly disturbed the pattern of reflex milk ejection without affecting the response of the mammary gland to oxytocin. These results suggest a novel role for relaxin within the central nervous system. The site in the brain at which the effects of relaxin are exerted remains unknown.