注聚合物后转后续水驱油田整体调剖研究

针对孤岛油田中一区Ng3层段注聚合物后转后续水驱时对应油井聚合物产出浓度高的问题 ,开发出一套相应的调剖治理技术。综合考虑注聚合物井的渗透率、吸水剖面、注入动态、井口压降曲线及对应油井的聚合物产出浓度等因素 ,利用模糊综合评判原理优选出最佳的调剖井 ,并根据注入动态优化了堵剂类型和堵剂用量。在矿场实施后 ,处理井的视吸水指数下降 ,剖面得到改善 ,对应的油井聚合物浓度降低 ,日产油量增加。 11口调剖井对应的 49口油井中 ,见效 35口 ,受效率达 71 4%。说明这套调剖技术能有效地改善注聚合物后转后续水驱油田的开发效果。     

中二南注聚初期调剖及效果分析

为了扩大聚合物驱的波及体积 ,提高聚合物区块整体开发效果 ,注聚驱调剖时机应在注聚前或注聚初期 .调剖可封堵大孔道改善吸聚剖面 ,有利于后续聚合物驱动作用 .在中二南 Ng3 -4 注聚区块的注聚初期 ,运用 RE油藏工程调剖决策技术 ,实施调剖工艺 1 0井次 ,平均注入压力上升 5 .3 1MPa,和其它区块同期相比见聚井数下降 2 0 .6 % ,取得了良好的应用效果     

中二南注聚初期调剖及效果分析

]为了扩大聚合物驱的波及体积，提高聚合物区块整体开发效果。注聚驱调剖时机应在注聚前或注聚初期，调剖可封堵大孔道改善吸聚剖面，有利于后续聚合物驱动作用。在中二南Na^3-4注聚区块的注聚初期，运用RE油藏工程调剖决策技术，实施调剖工艺10井次，平均注入压力上升5.31MPa，和其它区块同期相比见聚井数下降20.6%，取得了良好的应用效果。     

耐碱聚合物微球调剖技术在三元复合驱的应用

耐碱聚合物微球颗粒调剖剂为粒径可调的抗碱聚合物类颗粒调剖剂。通过聚合物携带注入地层,在地层大孔道里,形成以颗粒调剖为支撑体。通过有一定黏度的聚合物将其粘附于底层孔壁上,提高了封堵有效期和后驱注入液的波及系数。实验结果表明:耐碱聚合物微球颗粒调剖剂与三元液配伍性好,在多孔介质中具有可流动性。不但可调整注入井的吸液剖面,而且有一定的稳油控水作用。2010年在采油二厂三元复合驱南六区进行了6口井的现场试验,采用措施后连通油井见到了好的增油降水效果,连通油井累计增油6 424 t,投入产出比363:1 798.72=1:4.96。     

调堵结合技术可行性研究及参数优化

调剖堵水作为常用的稳油控水技术,对于油井稳产起到重要的作用,但是由于国内油层非均质严重,加上多轮次调剖作业,使得调堵效果变差,有效期缩短;拟将调剖和堵水技术相结合,在优选得到的调剖剂和堵水剂基础上,对高强度凝胶调剖剂微观成胶结构进行了电镜分析,采用室内岩心实验,对注水井调剖结合采油井堵水的方法的可行性进行评价,并对调堵结合用量和顺序进行优化。研究结果表明,堵剂微观结构密实,具有良好的注入选择性和封堵能力,调堵结合増油效果明显好于单独调剖或堵水,且调堵结合宜采用"先调后堵"的方式,以0.2 PV调剖剂+0.1 PV堵水剂的用量的驱油效果最好。实验研究的结果对于改善调堵效果和方案设计提供了技术思路和参考依据。     

阴、阳离子聚合物交替注入用于注聚区封窜和调剖

胜利孤岛油田注聚区块过早见聚,为封堵聚合物从油井窜流产出和调整注聚剖面,研制出阳离子调剖剂NCP。室内试验结果表明,向用1000mg/L的HPAM驱油后的岩心中注入1.5×10~4～3.0×104mg/L的NCP1.0PV,在70℃恒温24h后的堵油率大于96％,突破压力梯度2.6～3.3MPa/m。注入2.0×10~4mg/L NCP溶液的岩心,连续注入50PV含800mg/LHPAM的地层水,水相渗透率持续下降;在岩心试验中,堵水率随NCP浓度的增大而增大。结果表明:NCP可用于注聚区块调整注聚剖面,在孤岛注聚区进行的5井次封窜试验中,3口井收到良好效果。     

孤岛油田冻胶型深部调剖剂实验研究

孤岛油田聚合物驱后恢复水驱,含水率迅速上升,油井很快水淹.针对孤岛油田地层温度70℃,地层水矿化度5 004 mg/L的条件,为其研究了聚合物驱后深部调剖剂,并对其配方、性能、组合优化、用量优化和注入方式和时机进行了考察.研究发现:调剖剂的交联时间可以控制,冻胶体系成冻时间从1~20 d可调,成冻后强度高.聚合物驱后,为使组合调剖剂能进入深部高渗透层,必须按照先弱后强的顺序注入组合调剖剂.深部调剖剂的用量存在最优值,驱替实验中,用量为0.1Vp时,采收率增幅最大,产出投入比最大.注入相同量深部调剖剂,越早注入,所得的最终采收率会越高.     

聚驱后聚表剂“调驱堵压”调整技术研究

针对大庆油田主力油层在聚合物驱后仍有43.7%储量残留的问题,开展了聚合物驱后聚表剂“调驱堵压”调整技术研究,采用了室内物理模拟、油藏数值模拟和现场试验动态分析结合的方式,提出并论证了“调驱堵压”技术及其可行性。研究结果表明,“调”首先是井网调整,通过井网适当加密达到调整渗流方向、挖潜分流线剩余油、提高驱替压力梯度的目的;其次是调整剖面,尽早实施机械分层,采用分步注入方式缓解层间矛盾。注0.3 PV调驱型聚表剂（浓度2 000 mg/L）,利用其缔合发挥动态增黏作用缓解层内矛盾。“驱”是转注0.7 PV驱洗型聚表剂（浓度1 000 mg/L）,利用梯次降黏提速的注入方式并根据开发动态进行适当调整。“堵”是通过驱洗型聚表剂发挥乳化作用,形成乳化油型封堵。“压”是指适度规模压裂,释放乳化型剩余油及压开厚油层顶部释放侧积夹层遮挡型剩余油,达到引效目的。现场试验表明,该技术聚合物驱后提高采收率9%以上,经济效益良好,有望成为聚合物驱后提高采收率技术的新途径。     

海上油田提高采收率的控水技术

根据海上油田采油特点,分析了海上油田控水的迫切性.海上油田产出水主要来源于注入水、边水和底水.为了提高采收率,任何形式的产出水都要控制.海上油田控水技术由注水井调剖技术和油井堵水技术组成,这两项技术都由措施必要性判断、堵剂选择、堵剂用量计算和堵剂放置工艺等技术组成.海上油田调剖堵水成功的矿场试验说明,海上油田控水技术具有可行性和广阔的应用前景.     

海上油田提高采收率的控水技术

根据海上油田采油特点，分析了海上油田控水的迫切性。海上油田产出水主要来源于注入水、边水和底水。为了提高采收率，任何形式的产出水都要控制。海上油田控水技术由注水井调剖技术和油井堵水技术组成，这两项技术都由措施必要性：划断、堵剂选择、堵剂用量计算和堵剂放置工艺等技术组成。海上油田调剖堵水成功的矿场试验说明，海上油田控水技术具有可行性和广阔的应用前景。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.