聚N-丙烯酰基甘氨酸水凝胶的合成及溶胀性能

以N丙烯酰基甘氨酸(Acgly)为单体、过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂、亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,通过溶液自由基聚合得到含有不同交联剂用量的水凝胶,并进行红外光谱表征.实验中对合成的水凝胶在不同pH条件下的平衡溶胀比和溶胀收缩可逆性进行测试.结果表明:随着交联剂质量分数从0.5%增大至7%,水凝胶外观由无色透明变为白色不透明,同时水凝胶由软变硬,弹性变小,硬度增加;在2.8相似文献   

壳聚糖/海藻酸钠水凝胶的制备及其在药物控释中的应用

以戊二醛(GA)为交联剂,壳聚糖作为聚阳离子组分,海藻酸钠作为聚阴离子组分,制备了壳聚糖(CS)海藻酸钠(SA)水凝胶。探讨了改变溶液的pH值和交联剂用量等条件对两种水凝胶溶胀性能的影响。交联剂含量、pH对CS-SA水凝胶溶胀率的影响较大,且在酸性条件下的水凝胶的溶胀率远大于碱性条件下的溶胀率,包埋在此水凝胶中的牛血清蛋白(BSA)释放随载药介质的pH值的变化而显著不同,pH值为1.0条件下载药的水凝胶释药率大于pH值为7.4,9.18条件下的释药率。     

生物温敏性水凝胶的研究

采用明胶和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为原料,制备了配比不同的明胶/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(Gel/PNIPAM)水凝胶系列,研究了pH值、温度对水凝胶的溶胀度和溶胀速度的影响。结果表明,明胶/PNIPAM水凝胶对pH值、温度有明显的响应性,且随着组分中NIPAM配比的增加,水凝胶的温敏性明显增加;对水凝胶的溶胀动力学研究表明,体系配比对溶胀的影响与最低溶液临界温度(LCST)有关,当温度大于LCST时,溶胀速度及溶胀度随明胶含量的增加而增加,当温度低于LCST且配比为1/1(质量比)时,水凝胶的溶胀速度最大。     

PEG致孔快速响应pH/温度双重敏感性PNIPAM/SA水凝胶的制备与性能

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为致孔剂,以海藻酸钠(SA)和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为原料,制备出具有温度和pH双重敏感性的快速响应水凝胶.研究温度、pH值对凝胶溶胀度,以及PEG用量和分子量对凝胶溶胀速率的影响.结果表明,海藻酸钠的加入能够赋于PNIPAM pH敏感性能,所制备水凝胶的溶胀度随着pH值的改变而改变.在酸性条件下,凝胶溶胀度随SA用量的增加而减小;在碱性条件下,凝胶溶胀度随SA用量的增加而增大.在酸性和碱性条件下,水凝胶溶胀度都随着PEG用量的增多和PEG分子量的增大而增大,且与传统水凝胶相比,溶胀速率有较大程度的提高.     

羧甲基壳聚糖/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)半互穿网络水凝胶的制备及溶胀性能研究

制备了具有温度、pH值双重敏感特性的羧甲基壳聚糖／聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）的半互穿网络水凝胶（CMCS／PNIPAAm semi-IPN）。研究了温度及pH值对该凝胶溶胀度的影响。结果表明，在强酸（pH值为1．0，2．71）、弱碱（pH值为7．4）和强碱的条件下，semi-IPN凝胶溶胀度均随着温度的升高而下降直至达到平衡状态。经pH值为2．71缓冲溶液浸泡处理的凝胶的相转变温度有明显的降低。该凝胶的消溶胀速率随着凝胶中CMCS组分含量的增加而增大。这些现象主要与水凝胶本身的微观结构以及所加入的羧甲基壳聚糖基团结构有关。     

聚丙烯酸盐/淀粉半互穿网络水凝胶的两步水溶液合成及性能表征

采用新型两步水溶液聚合法,合成聚丙烯酸盐/淀粉半互穿网络(PAA/St semiIPN)水凝胶.研究淀粉用量、pH值和离子强度对水凝胶溶胀率和溶胀速率的影响,并采用Flory理论对水凝胶进行拟合.实验结果表明:在一价阳离子盐溶液中,水凝胶的溶胀度与Flory理论符合较好;对于高价阳离子溶液,Flory理论只能用于定性分析,而不能用于定量计算.相对于传统的水凝胶,PAA/St semiIPN水凝胶具有较高的机械强度.最后,利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析对PAA/St semiIPN进行表征.     

pH敏感性壳聚糖/聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮水凝胶的制备及其性能

合成了pH敏感性壳聚糖/聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮水凝胶,研究了室温下该水凝胶在不同pH介质中的溶胀比.结果表明,在酸性溶液中凝胶的溶胀比远大于碱性溶液中的溶胀比,且其在不同pH溶液中重复可逆溶胀收缩.     

壳聚糖基水凝胶的制备及溶胀性能研究

壳聚糖(CS)具有良好的生物相容性,易生物降解,无毒,是一种很有发展前景的医药材料。壳聚糖基水凝胶作为一种新型的可注射给药载体,药物的控制释放具有易控性、靶向性。以壳聚糖(CS)为基材,聚乙烯醇为第2组分,戊二醛为交联剂,制备了一系列壳聚糖基水凝胶,研究该水凝胶在水中的溶胀行为、溶胀动力学以及相关影响因素。结果表明,所制备的一系列壳聚糖基水凝胶的溶胀度均随着溶胀时间的增加而增大,至溶胀4.5h时,凝胶的溶胀度基本达到最大。溶胀动力学为一级动力学。随着CS/PVA凝胶质量百分比的增加,该类水凝胶溶胀速率和饱和溶胀度呈现出3个性质明显不同的区域。     

聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/黏土纳米复合水凝胶的制备及溶胀行为研究

以无机黏土作为交联剂制备了新型聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）／黏土纳米复合水凝胶（PNIPA／Clay），对其结构、温度敏感性和消溶胀行为等进行了研究．透射电子显微镜（TFM）和扫描电镜（SEM）表明，无机黏土被剥离成纳米尺寸的片层，均匀分散在凝胶网络中，起交联荆的作用．PNIPA／Clay纳米复合水凝胶表现出良好的温敏特性，在体积相转变温度（VPTT）附近其溶胀度发生突变，但溶胀度下降幅度却随黏土含量的增加而减小．交联剂用量对PNIPA／Clay水凝胶和传统PNIPA水凝胶消溶胀速率的影响呈现相反的变化趋势，无机黏土含量越少，PNIPA／Clay水凝胶的消溶胀速率越快，而传统PNIPA水凝胶的消溶胀速率却随着化学交联剂用量的增加而提高．     

凝胶萃取浓缩分离大分子物质

用四种不同交联度的交联聚丙烯酰胺凝胶,研究了它们在去离子水及牛血清白蛋白、牛血红蛋白、精氨酸酶、聚乙二醇等大分子溶液中的溶胀速率和平衡溶胀比的变化规律。发现其平衡溶胀比越大,溶胀速率也越快;凝胶在大分子溶液中的平衡溶胀比总是小于它在水中的值,且随大分子溶液浓度增大,平衡溶胀比的减小程度增大;温度升高,溶胀速率和平衡溶胀比均增大。凝胶交联度越大,对大分子物质的分离效率越高,浓缩精氨酸酶时的最大值为53.4%。凝胶的再生可用加少量盐或丙酮或调节pH值等方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with