Sr含量对A356合金微观组织及力学性能的影响

通过在A356合金中添加Al-10Sr中间合金,分析Sr含量对A356合金微观组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着Sr含量的增加,其力学性能先升高后降低。当Sr加入量质量分数达到0.03%时,其抗拉强度为204 MPa、延伸率为10.4%,较未变质的A356合金分别提升了18%、189%。通过微观组织分析表明,Sr的添加能够明显改善A356合金中共晶硅相的形貌,由粗大的针片状转变为细小的纤维状或颗粒状,从而改善合金的力学性能。     

Al-Zn-Mg-(Cu)系铝合金微合金化的研究进展

随着航空、航天等高新技术的发展,对铝合金性能的要求也更苛刻。微合金化是提高铝合金性能的重要途径,一直是国内外主要的研究热点。稀土元素性质活泼,非常容易与铝合金基体及其溶质元素产生化合反应,能够有效改善AlZn-Mg-(Cu)系铝合金的微观组织结构,大幅提升其综合性能;而非稀土元素的微合金化则能弥补稀土元素微合金化的局限性,因此得到了广泛应用。本文综述了稀土元素Sc、Er、Ce和常规元素Zr、Ag、Sn、Cr、Sr等对Al-Zn-Mg-(Cu)系铝合金的微合金化作用机理,并对今后铝合金微合金化的研究发展方向提出建议。     

微量Zr,Er和Y对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金铸态组织的影响

采用光学金相（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱（EBS）、X射线衍射（XRD）检测分析方法,研究单独添加微量Zr、复合添加Er和Y以及复合添加Zr,Er和Y对Al-Zn—Mg-Cu合金铸态微观组织和相组成的影响。研究结果表明：添加Zr可以明显细化合金晶粒,未生成Al3Zr相;稀土元素Er主要以A18Cu4Er相的形式存在;Y富集于晶界、枝晶界及化合物上。合金中添加Zr、复合添加Er、Y和复合添加Zr,Er和Y均可细化晶粒。     

晶粒晶界对铝合金耐蚀性能的影响

通过电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对微合金化的铝合金A356的晶粒尺寸、晶界类型、晶界特性进行了研究,探究微合金化后晶粒尺寸和晶界特性对铝合金耐蚀性能的影响机制。研究结果表明:随着元素比例的变化,晶粒的尺寸、晶界中特殊晶界特征和比例以及晶界的取向差角都发生了明显改变;当元素比例达到La质量分数0.15%、Y质量分数0.2%时,晶粒细化最为明显,Σ3晶界所占比例最高,小角度晶界所占比例明显提高,耐腐蚀性显著增强。     

Ca,Sr加入对Mg-Al基合金显微组织和蠕变性能的影响

系统研究了Ca,Sr加入对Mg-4Al基合金(AM40)显微组织和蠕变性能的影响.铸态AM40显微组织中除了α-Mg基体外,只有少量的短棒状β-Mg17Al12颗粒.Ca加入AM40合金后能观察到沿枝晶间分布的层片状Mg2Ca相和细小的盘状Al2Ca颗粒.当Ca与Sr同时加入AM40时,显微组织中的晶界相除了Mg2Ca外,出现了另一种块状的三元Mg-Al-Sr相.由于Ca和Sr的加入,合金显微组织中形成了热稳定性很高的中间相Mg2Ca,Al2Ca和Mg-Al-Sr相,并抑制了β相的形成,因而大幅度提高了合金的抗蠕变性能. 随着Ca和Sr加入量的增加,合金的抗蠕变性能得到进一步提高.在块状Mg-Al-Sr三元相和层片Mg2Ca相的共同作用下,Ca和Sr的复合合金化比单一Ca合金化对改善合金抗蠕变性能更有效.     

Fe和Cu元素对电气用8030铝合金性能的影响

Fe和Cu是8030铝合金中最主要的两种合金化元素。为了探究8030铝合金中Fe和Cu的合理含量及其强化机制,试验采用连铸连轧、拉制和退火工艺制备了不同Fe和Cu含量的8030铝合金,分析了Fe和Cu对8030铝合金铸态组织、形变组织、力学性能和导电性能的影响,并对不同成分的8030铝合金的强度、伸长率和电阻率进行了研究。结果表明：合理的Fe和Cu含量可以获得细小的合金铸态组织,并在后续加工过程中形成织构组织和弥散分布的第二相,提高合金强度的同时,保证塑性和导电性能;当Fe的质量分数为0.45%、Cu的质量分数为0.22%时,8030铝合金有较好的综合性能。     

(Fe-Al)-TM三元合金热力学性质的Miedema理论计算

为了改善金属间化合物的性能通常采用合金化方法,而合金元素能否添加取决于合金化后体系能量是否降低。文中采用Miedema理论与几何外推模型相结合,综合考虑原子尺寸差异引起的弹性畸变能,计算了(Fe-Al)-TM(TM=Transition Metals)体系中Fe Al-TM和Fe3Al-TM金属间化合物的形成焓。结果表明:计算值与文献结果符合较好。其中,第1B、4B、5B、7B和8B族过渡元素都较容易替代Fe添加进(Fe-Al)-TM合金中,而替代Al则比较困难,Sc、Y、La添加较容易形成合金化。计算结果可为设计制备(Fe-Al)-TM合金体系和改善金属间化合物的脆性提供重要的热力学依据。     

基于正交试验的高强高导AA8000系铝合金的优化设计

采用正交试验进行合金成分优化设计,运用二元搭配表得到最优的合金成分,研究了Fe、Si含量对AA8000系铝合金性能的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）,金相显微镜（OM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）,研究了Fe、Si及其交互作用对铝合金微观组织的影响.探究了不同的组织相貌对铝合金电学性能及力学性能的影响,并从理论上分析了Fe、Si的交互作用机理.研究结果表明：由正交试验得到最优的合金元素组成,当Fe的质量分数为0.4%,Si的质量分数为0.2%时,合金具有较高的导电率和较高的强度;Fe、Si存在交互作用,Fe与Si可以形成Al₈Fe₂Si三元中间相,减少了Si对铝合金导电性能的不利影响.     

Fe-Al微叠层复合材料的制备及界面表征

将多层纯铁和纯铝薄板交替叠放,采用“热轧复合—冷轧减薄—合金化热处理”工艺流程制备了Fe-Al金属/金属间化合物微叠层复合材料(Fe-Al MIL),研究了合金化温度对该复合材料微观组织、相组成、相变及力学性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的Fe-Al微叠复合材料Fe/Al界面结合状态良好;随合金化温度的升高,化合物层厚度随之增加,当温度低于Fe-Al固-半固态反应温度655℃时,Fe₂Al₅和FeAl是化合物层的主要物相,而高于655℃时,则会在化合物层和Fe金属界面处出现少量交替分布的FeAl₃和Fe₃Al;DSC曲线上呈现出~559,~571和~667℃三个放热峰,分别代表FeAl₃,Fe₂Al₅和FeAl的相转变;固-固和固-液合金化后得到的Fe-Al MIL力学性能较差,均易发生分层断裂现象,而固-半固态合金化热处理后其力学性能最佳.     

稀土Er对FVS0812合金组织性能的影响

为欲充分发挥AlFeVSi系耐热铝合金应用潜力,进一步提高合金的综合性能,本文采用金相、X射线衍射、透射电镜和力学性能等测试手段研究了稀土元素Er对FVS0812合金的显微组织、力学性能以及热稳定性的影响,结果表明,FVS0812合金中加入少量Er可以保持合金良好的高温强度,明显改善合金塑性,而且降低了主要强化相A1_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si硅化物的粗化率,提高合金的高温稳定性;但是稀土Er也促使了δ(AlFeVSiEr)相的形成,因而不利于进一步改善合金韧性。为此,防止有害相形成,加入适当稀土元素合金化,将成为改善AlFeVsi耐热铝合金性能的有效途径。     

镍基合金激光表面Y_2O_3合金化研究

用电子探针和扫描电镜研究了预涂粉末量和激光辐照工艺参数对 GH49 合金表面熔掺层中 Y_2O_3 分布的影响及熔掺层的组织特征。结果表明,当功率密度为 17.6kW/cm~2,扫描速度为 0.36 m/min时,熔掺区Y_2O_3 弥散均匀分布,对0.05g/cm~2 涂层粉末量,Y_2O_3 含量达(1.2～1.5)wt％。过热处理后,熔区枝晶组织消失,晶粒细化,晶界弯曲.γ′相与Y_2O_3 粒子共同弥散分布,从而使一般镍基合金实现了表面ODS合金化。     

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al<Subscript>3</Subscript>Ti/ADC12 composite modified with Sr

In this study, we investigated the effect of the addition of Sr (0wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, and 0.3wt%) on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al₃Ti/ADC12 composite by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy diffraction spectroscopy. The results reveal that the α-Al phases were nearly spherical and 40 μm in size and that the eutectic Si phases became round in the composite when the Sr content reached 0.2wt%. The Al₃Ti particles were distributed uniformly at the grain boundary. The results of the corrosion examination reveal that the Al₃Ti/ADC12 composite exhibited a minimum corrosion rate of 0.081 g·m–2·h–1 for an Sr content of 0.2wt%, which is two thirds of that of unmodified composite (0.134 g·m–2·h–1). This improved corrosion resistance was due to galvanic corrosion, which resulted from the low area ratio of the cathode to anode regions. This caused a low-density corrosion current in the composite, thereby yielding optimum corrosion resistance.     

A356合金近液相线法铸造坯料及重熔加热组织研究

采用近液相线半连续铸造法制备了A356铝合金半固态坯料,并利用电阻炉加热,采用电子显微镜研究了近液相线铸造A356铝合金在二次加热过程中的组织演变.结果表明:A356铝合金半固态坯料组织呈均匀、细小的蔷薇状分布;在585℃加热,保温10~15 min,可获得半固态加工所需的触变性组织.而且,保温温度和保温时间共同影响着二次加热组织的演变过程.随着加热温度的升高,α相的生长和球化的速度变快,保温时间越长,晶粒球化度越高.     

Discharge properties of Mg–Sn–Y alloys as anodes for Mg-air batteries

Mg–Sn–Y alloys with different Sn contents (wt%) were assessed as anode candidates for Mg-air batteries. The relationship between microstructure (including the second phase, grain size, and texture) and discharge properties of the Mg–Sn–Y alloys was examined using mi-crostructure observation, electrochemical measurements, and galvanostatic discharge tests. The Mg–0.7Sn–1.4Y alloy had a high steady dis-charge voltage of 1.5225 V and a high anodic efficiency of 46.6% at 2.5 mA·cm?2. These good properties were related to its microstructure:small grain size of 3.8 μm, uniform distribution of small second phase particles of 0.6 μm, and a high content (vol%) of (11(2)0)/(10(1)0) orient-ated grains. The scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) indicated that the Sn3Y5 and MgSnY phases were effective cathodes caus-ing micro-galvanic corrosion which promoted the dissolution of Mg matrix during the discharge process.     

Effects of Ni content on the cast and solid-solution microstructures of Cu-0.4wt%Be alloys

The effects of Ni content (0–2.1wt%) on the cast and solid-solution microstructures of Cu-0.4wt%Be alloys were investigated, and the corresponding mechanisms of influence were analyzed. The results show that the amount of precipitated phase increases in the cast alloys with increasing Ni content. When the Ni content is 0.45wt% or 0.98wt%, needle-like Be₂₁Ni₅ phases form in the grains and are mainly distributed in the interdendritic regions. When the Ni content is 1.5wt% or greater, a large number of needle-like precipitates form in the grains and chain-like Be₂₁Ni₅ and BeNi precipitates form along the grain boundaries. The addition of Ni can substantially refine the cast and solid-solution microstructures of Cu-0.4wt%Be alloys. The hindering effects of both the dissolution of Ni into the matrix and the formation of Be–Ni precipitates on grain-boundary migration are mainly responsible for refining the cast and solid-solution microstructures of Cu-0.4wt%Be alloys. Higher Ni contents result in finer microstructures; however, given the precipitation characteristics of Be–Ni phases and their dissolution into the matrix during the solid-solution treatment, the upper limit of the Ni content is 1.5wt%–2.1wt%.     

Effect of Sr addition on the grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloys

The grain refinement mechanisms of Sr in the AZ31 magnesium alloys were studied by both phase diagram calculation and experimental analysis.The influence of Sr content on the solute distribution coefficients of Al and Zn during solidification was investigated in order to find out whether Sr addition can enhance the grain refinement efficiency brought by Al and Zn.The results showed that Sr addition can promote the segregation in liquid phases for both Al and Zn during solidification,therefore enhance the grain refinement effects by Al and Zn in AZ31 magnesium alloys.And the effect of Sr addition on the solute distribution coefficients for Al is larger than that of Zn.Sr addition can improve the GRF values by itself and also improve the GRF values of Al and Zn to the AZ31 magnesium alloys,and the grains are refined consequently.     

Microstructural evolution during reheating of A356 machining chips at semisolid state

The microstructural evolution of A356 machining chips in the semisolid state was studied at different temperatures and holding times. The results showed that the elongated α-Al grains first recrystallized in the semisolid state and then became globular with a high shape factor (SF). Both the temperature and the holding time clearly affected the grain size and SF. When the heating temperature or holding time was increased, the grain size and SF gradually increased and finally became stable. Moreover, the Vickers hardness of primary α-Al grains gradually decreased with increasing heating temperature. The optimal slurry for semisolid processing, with a good combination of grain size and SF, was obtained when the chips were held at 600℃ for 15 min. The semisolid slurry of A356 chips exhibited a lower coarsening rate of α-Al grains than those produced by most of the conventional semisolid processes. The coarsening coefficient was determined to be 436 μm3·s-1 on the basis of the linear Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) relationship.     

Bi_2O_3掺杂对TSMTG法单畴YBCO超导块材性能的影响

本文采用顶部籽晶熔融织构法(TSMTG)成功地将Bi2O3掺杂到YBCO超导块材中,研究了Bi2O3掺杂含量对单畴YBCO超导块材生长形貌和磁悬浮力的影响.结果表明,在YBa2Cu3O7-δ(Y123):Y2BaCuO5(Y211)=1:0.4不变的情况下,掺杂的Bi2O3粉体在样品内部均生成了Y2Ba4CuBiOx纳米粒子.当Bi2O3添加量x≤1.5wt%时,样品均可长成完整的单畴YBCO超导块材,且样品的磁悬浮力随着Bi2O3掺杂量的增加而增大;当x1.5wt%时,YBCO超导块材的单畴区域随着Bi2O3掺杂量的增加而逐渐减小,且随机成核现象严重,磁悬浮力降低;当x=1.5wt%时,样品的磁悬浮力最大.该结果对缩短样品制备的周期及进一步提高超导块材性能具有十分重要的意义.     

Y2Ba4CuBiOx掺杂对单畴YBCO块材性能的影响

本文采用顶部籽晶熔融织构法(TSMTG)成功地将纳米Y2Ba4CuBiOx(YBi2411)引入了YBCO超导块材,研究了YBi2411掺杂量对单畴YBCO超导块材晶体生长形貌和磁悬浮力的影响.结果表明,YBi2411在YBCO超导块材中呈现出直径约100 nm～200 nm的纳米点状粒子和直径约100 nm～200nm,长约2μm的纳米棒状粒子.当YBi2411添加量x≤8 wt%时,样品均可长成完整的单畴YBCO超导块材,样品的磁悬浮力随着YBi2411掺杂量的增加而增大;当x≥8 wt%时,样品均可长成一定的单畴区,但随着YBi2411掺杂量的增加,YBCO超导块材的单畴区域逐渐减小,且随机成核现象越来越严重,同时磁悬浮力逐渐减小;当x=8 wt%时,样品磁悬浮力最大.在此基础上,结合超导材料的微观形貌,分析了YBi2411掺杂量对单畴YBCO超导块材磁悬浮力的影响.