浅水爆炸冲击荷载下高拱坝抗爆性能分析

水下爆炸冲击荷载作用下大坝动力响应较之静态荷载和地震荷载作用下要复杂得多.通过构建高拱坝水下爆炸大型数值全耦合模型,考虑混凝土材料的高应变率效应,采用三维非线性有限元法对近水面水下爆炸冲击荷载作用下的大坝动态响应进行了全性能数值仿真,探讨了高拱坝在浅水爆炸冲击荷载作用下的动力响应、潜在破坏模式及失事机理,研究了爆心距及炸药量对大坝抗爆性能的影响.研究结果表明:拱坝由于其拱形受力特点,具有较高的承压能力;在常规小当量炸药爆炸冲击荷载作用下,坝体仅产生局部开裂破坏;当大当量高能炸药在库区浅水近场爆炸时,上游面坝顶中部发生严重压碎和剪切破坏并形成上下游贯穿的裂缝,且裂缝向坝体下部扩展至1/2坝高处,导致坝体产生严重破坏.     

水中爆炸冲击下混凝土坝动力响应的全耦合分析

针对水下爆炸的物理过程以及由此引起的混凝土重力坝的动力响应的复杂性.建立了全耦合的模型,考虑了炸药的爆炸、爆炸波的水中传播、水介质与坝体结构的相互作用,对混凝土重力坝的动力响应进行了模拟,得出了坝体的加速度响应以及位移的时程变化特点.结果表明:该方法可应用于研究由于爆炸引起的结构动力响应问题,弥补了试验研究的不足.     

不同横缝状态影响下混凝土重力坝抗爆性能研究

考虑混凝土重力坝横缝张开状态对大坝内冲击波传播的影响,基于FSI流固耦合数值分析方法模拟水下浅水爆炸冲击波的形成、传播及其与自由面、大坝结构之间的耦合相互作用过程,从混凝土重力坝的动态响应、渐进毁伤破坏过程及大坝损伤耗散能累积特性等方面,对比分析横缝状态对大坝综合抗爆性能的影响机制。结果表明,重力坝横缝张开范围对大坝抗爆性能有重要影响,且表现为加剧大坝动态响应、促进大坝混凝土毁伤破坏区域形成、增大坝体损伤耗能累积量的整体规律,明显削弱了大坝的抗爆性能。     

爆炸荷载作用下大坝破坏分析的数值模拟研究进展

对近年来爆炸冲击荷载作用下大坝动力响应和破坏分析所采用的数值模拟方法的研究进展和发展趋势进行综述。重点总结现有计算爆炸力学数值方法进行大坝爆炸动力响应特征和破坏过程分析的研究成果,指出大坝爆炸响应分析是一个涉及炸药爆炸、爆炸冲击波形成和传播、冲击波或爆炸产物与坝体相互作用以及坝体结构动态响应的完整连续过程,同时总结了水库大坝环境中的爆炸荷载分类、特点及其对大坝结构的破坏效应。指出各种爆炸条件下大坝的爆炸模拟需要关注的不同问题,今后需要在目前研究基础上及时吸收计算力学的最新研究成果,发展高精度的数值计算方法和高效率的数值求解体系,实现大坝爆炸动力响应的全过程仿真模拟。     

水下核爆作用下混凝土重力坝模型破坏试验

采用落锤冲击模拟水下核爆的一次冲击波对混凝土重力坝的作用.试验遵循弹性-重力联合相似准则,并以冲量相似条件确定冲击摆的质量与悬挂高度.对两种坝体和坝基接触条件,即一种在平滑基底上筑坝,一种在锚固基底上筑坝,开展模型坝的冲击试验,得到模型坝体的动力特性.试验结果表明,坝体破坏模式包括贯穿性断裂、滑移、碎裂、层裂和抛掷等.并初步研究了核爆输入能量和大坝耗散能量之间的平衡关系.     

装药内爆炸下混凝土损伤特性研究

为完善炸药混凝土内爆炸理论、提高其做功能力,该文建立混凝土内部炸药爆炸模型.在混凝土内爆过程中及冲击载荷下,对TNT炸药及PBX类炸药对混凝土的毁伤破坏效应,利用混凝土动力学损伤破坏模型和光滑粒子动力学方法进行数值研究.该文定量地给出了混凝土内爆炸损伤的类型为抛掷内爆炸和松动内爆炸.数值分析了混凝土介质的运动特性,确定了混凝土内爆炸的最佳条件.在掩埋情况下,炸药埋深0.45H时,内爆效果较好.     

Nam Ngum5水电站分缝重力拱坝地震响应分析

针对老挝在建的Nam Ngum5水电站重力拱坝,利用基于ABAQUS平台的非线性指数型动接触模型和混凝土塑性损伤本构模型,研究了该重力拱坝在地震荷载作用下横缝的张开、闭合和滑移的非线性动力特性以及坝体的动力响应.计算结果表明:横缝张开使得大坝的坝踵主拉应力大幅增加至3.0MPa;考虑诱导短缝时,坝体整体性下降,刚度减弱,坝顶顺河向动位移响应有一定幅度的提高,同时横缝的开度也有所增加,但诱导短缝对坝体应力的影响较小;大坝能承受的最大峰值加速度为0.40g,大坝可能的破坏模式为从横缝底端与岸坡交界面处起裂,损伤部位逐渐向坝踵以及左岸坝肩、右岸坝肩延伸.     

空中和水下爆炸时钢筋混凝土板动态响应对比分析

 利用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立钢筋混凝土板在不同介质中（空中和水下）爆炸的数值模型,在对比分析爆炸冲击波在空中和水下传播特性的基础上,研究了空中和水下爆炸冲击波对钢筋混凝土板动态响应及损伤程度的影响,并对比分析了不同炸药量及起爆距离对钢筋混凝土板在空中和水下爆炸时动态响应的影响规律。研究表明,在近爆区域内,爆炸冲击波在空中和水下的传播特性存在较大的差异：在空中的传播速度较水下快,并且冲击波压力在空中衰减较水下快;但水下爆炸冲击波压力峰值较空中爆炸大很多,对钢筋混凝土板的潜在破坏能力较强。两种介质中爆炸时钢筋混凝土板的破坏形态对比分析,发现无论是迎爆面还是背爆面,同等炸药量及起爆距离下水下爆炸时混凝土板损伤程度均较空中爆炸时大。     

地基与库水模型对重力坝地震响应的影响研究

采用有限元法构建了一种较为综合的重力坝-地基-库水系统地震响应分析模型.其中,采用黏弹性边界模拟无限坝基,采用等效荷载法实现地震动输入;采用声学单元及无反射边界条件模拟坝-库动力相互作用.以第十五届国际大坝数值分析标准算例研讨会主题A中的Pine Flat重力坝为例研究了该模型的计算精度.以黄登混凝土重力坝12号挡水坝...     

基于DDA和FEM耦合方法的碾压混凝土坝抗震安全性分析

应用非连续变形分析(DDA)和FEM耦合方法研究了碾压混凝土重力坝的动力反应．研究了DDA与FEM耦合算法以及四边形网格自动生成算法，开发了DDA与FEM耦合算法分析程序，并对一碾压混凝土重力坝的动力特性和抗震安全性以及不同的地震动输入对坝体破坏形式的影响进行了详细计算．结果表明：(1)在静力荷载和设计地震动作用下，大坝混凝土各层面保持很好的连续性和整体性，大坝是稳定的、安全的；(2)碾压混凝土大坝的破坏一般发生在上部，由于坝体上部的碾压层面出现张开、滑移等现象．引起层面的抗滑能力下降，最终导致大坝破坏；(3)不同的地震动输入对大坝的动力反应和破坏形态有很大的影响．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with