Simultaneous mineralization of CO2 and recovery of soluble potassium using earth-abundant potassium feldspar

CO2 capture and storage(CCS) is an important strategy in combatting anthropogenic climate change.However,commercial application of the CCS technique is currently hampered by its high energy expenditure and costs.To overcome this issue,CO2 capture and utilization(CCU) is a promising CO2 disposal method.We,for the first time,developed a promising method to mineralize CO2 using earth-abundant potassium feldspar in order to effectively reduce CO2 emissions.Our experiments demonstrate that,after adding calcium chloride hexahydrate as an additive,the K-feldspar can be transformed to Ca-silicates at 800 C,which can easily mineralize CO2 to form stable calcium carbonate and recover soluble potassium.The conversion of this process reached 84.7%.With further study,the pretreatment temperature can be reduced to 250 C using hydrothermal method by adding the solution of triethanolamine(TEA).The highest conversion can be reached 40.1%.The process of simultaneous mineralization of CO2 and recovery of soluble potassium can be easily implemented in practice and may provide an economically feasible way to tackle global anthropogenic climate change.     

红土镍矿HCl浸出液中Mg的回收和浸出剂再生

简述了近年来红土镍矿HCl浸出液中Mg的回收及浸出剂再生工艺的研究现状,介绍了对浸出液采用MgCl₂溶液的水解、硫酸盐水合物的结晶、碱式MgCl₂的沉淀、纳米级Mg（OH）₂的制备以及MgCl₂溶液的雾化干燥与焙烧等处理方法和应用进展.     

关于原油加工中脱盐与注碱问题的探讨

本文根据结晶氯化镁的水解与温度的关系,探讨了氯化钠、氯化钙对氯化镁水解的影响,对原油脱盐深度提出了一些看法。通过研究氢氧化钠、碳酸钠及其混合物对混合盐中氯化镁水解的抑制作用,认为在原油加工过程中,注氢氧化钠较为理想。     

轻烧粉-氢氧化钠法制备氢氧化镁的研究

以轻烧粉经酸化、氧化除铁等精制过程得到的氯化镁溶液为原料,以氢氧化钠为沉淀剂制备氢氧化镁。研究了pH值对轻烧粉酸化除铁的影响,考察了原料的物质的量比、反应温度、加料时间、陈化时间等因素对产品质量的影响,得到了轻烧粉精制和反应制备氢氧化镁的最佳工艺条件。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）和激光粒度分布测试仪等对实验产品进行表征。结果表明,该工艺制备的氢氧化镁纯度达到98%以上,CaO质量分数低于0.1%,颗粒呈片状结构,粒度分布均匀,形貌规则。     

复合改性剂对氢氧化镁的表面改性研究

采用硬脂酸钠/油酸钠/聚乙二醇6 000复配表面活性剂为改性剂,对氢氧化镁进行改性研究.通过改性前后氢氧化镁粉体的吸油值及其在液体石蜡中的吸光度等性能来评价氢氧化镁的改性效果,从而确定最佳改性条件,同时采用红外谱图研究了表面改性分子与氢氧化镁表面的作用机理.正交实验结果表明,在表面改性剂的质量分数为9％,硬脂酸钠/油酸钠/聚乙二醇6 000的配料比为2：2：1（质量比）,改性温度为60℃,改性时间为100 min条件下制备的产品性能优良,在石蜡中分散性良好,红外光谱显示表面改性剂分子在氢氧化镁表面发生化学吸附.     

盐湖老卤制备碱式碳酸镁的研究

以盐湖提钾后老卤中的副产品粗氯化镁为基本原料,运用正交实验法研究了纯碱法制备碱式碳酸镁的方法,获得适宜的制备工艺参数,为盐湖镁资源的开发及综合利用提供了依据和参考。     

Research progress of voltage delay in magnesium battery

Research on magnesium battery has three pri- mary fields as follows： changing the metallurgical factors of the magnesium electrode material to improve discharge performance, identifying inhibitors to form a protective film to reduce self-corrosion of magnesium alloys, and improving the electrochemical properties of the electrolyte to improve discharge continuity. During the research and development of the magnesium battery, the voltage delay that occurs in the discharge process is a critical issue because it limits the application of Mg/MnO2 cells. This paper provides an overview of the relationship between the voltage delay of magnesium primary battery and magne- sium anode corrosion. Furthermore, the factors affecting the voltage delay were analyzed, and the existing problems in the study of the voltage delay of magnesium battery were identified.     

碱式碳酸锌在二氧化碳气氛下的热分解动力学

运用TG/SDTA同步分析仪, 研究了碱式碳酸锌在流动二氧化碳气氛中的热分解过程及热分解动力学. 探讨了加热速率对反应过程的影响. 采用Friedman法对实验数据进行分析,结果表明,反应的活化能数值随着分解率的不同而变化, 由此推断该反应是由多步反应组合而成的,其平均表观活化能E_a为286.84 kJ/mol.     

Investigation of the consistency of atmospheric CO2 retrievals from different space-based sensors: Intercomparison and spatiotemporal analysis

In recent years,global warming caused by emission of CO2has attracted considerable attention from the public.Although the measurements from AIRS,GOSAT,SCIAMACHY and IASI have been frequently used to derive atmospheric CO2concentration,comprehensive quantification of the differences among these CO2products is still not fully investigated yet.In this paper,a series of strategies have been proposed to allow the CO2products from different instruments to be physically inter-comparable.Based on this,these CO2products are inter-compared in terms of magnitude and their spatiotemporal distributions.The results reveal that the correlations among these CO2products are relatively weak,and some discrepancies are detected in terms of the CO2spatiotemporal characteristics,demonstrating more efforts should be made in the future to improve the retrievals of CO2.Their spatial coverage differences reflected in this study imply the great necessity to generate consistent products with improved spatial and temporal continuities by combining these CO2measurements.     

共沉淀法制备镁锰双金属氢氧化物及表征

以氯化镁、氯化锰、氢氧化钠及碳酸钠为原料,采用共沉淀法合成镁锰双金属氢氧化物(Mg-Mn-LDH).探讨镁锰摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等条件对镁锰双金属氢氧化物(Mg-Mn-LDH)结晶性的影响.通过XRD和SEM对产物结晶性、组成结构等进行表征.实验结果表明,在镁锰摩尔比3∶1、反应温度40℃、反应3h、长陈化时间和反应体系pH 13下,制备出的产物的结晶性最好,层状结构也最清晰.     

由硼泥制取轻质碳酸镁的研究

本文研究了硼泥经石灰处理后,再用碳化法生产轻质碳酸镁的原理和工艺条件。硼砂厂利用此法生产轻质碳酸镁,提高了原料利用率,可使产值增加近一倍,大大提高了经济效益。提取轻质碳酸镁后的硼泥,危害性降低,还需进一步研究解决其综合利用问题。     

炭气凝胶微球的物理活化与化学活化比较

以炭气凝胶微球为原料,分别采用CO2和KOH作为活化剂,研究物理活化和化学活化对炭气凝胶微球孔结构和电化学性能的影响差异,探讨CO2和KOH的活化机理。结果表明,CO2和KOH活化均能有效改善炭气凝胶微球的孔结构,比表面积最高可达1 320 m2/g;同时显著提高材料的电化学性能,活化后的比电容最高可为活化前的3倍。结果还表明两种方法的活化机理不同,CO2活化,有利于保持炭气凝胶微球的中孔,为电子进出提供大量的快速通道,提高传质速率;KOH活化,对炭气凝胶微球的微孔形成非常有利,可增大电化学活化表面,提高电化学性能。     

超声波在碱式氯化镁结晶中的应用

研究了超声波在碱式氯化镁结晶中的应用,结果表明,缩短了碱式氯化镁的饱和溶液的诱导期,加速了碱式氯化镁的结晶过程,进而提高碱式氯化镁的最终产物氢氧化镁和氧化镁的产量．     

隔膜电沉积法制备片状氢氧化镁及其影响因素

以氯化镁为原料,采用隔膜电沉积法制备了片状氢氧化镁.考察了氯化镁浓度、反应温度、电流密度对氢氧化镁形貌及颗粒粒径的影响.采用SEM和激光粒度分布仪对产物氢氧化镁的形貌和颗粒粒径大小进行了表征.结果表明,该法获得的产物沉降快且易分离;电解质浓度增加,片状形貌更大且更厚,颗粒粒径变大;反应温度升高,导致片状形貌缺陷增大,团聚更严重,颗粒粒径先减小后增大;电流密度增强,造成片状特性变差,最终出现枝状形貌,颗粒粒径减小.对样品进行BET检测,发现合成样品中比表面积最大可达82.36 m2/g,对甲基紫的吸附量可达1 256 mg/g.     

MgFeSiO4 prepared via a molten salt method as a new cathode material for rechargeable magnesium batteries

Well-crystallized MgFeSiO₄ microparticles were synthesized at different temperatures by a simple molten salt method using KCl flux. As a new cathode for rechargeable magnesium batteries, the material shows a reversible Mg²⁺ intercalation-deintercalation process. In 0.25 mol/L Mg(AlCl₂EtBu)₂/THF electrolyte, MgFeSiO₄ synthesized at 900??C can deliver a 125.1 mAh/g initial discharge capacity and a 91.4% capacity retention on the 20th cycle at a rate of 0.1C (about 15.6 mA/g). The results show that MgFeSiO₄ could be a good host for Mg²⁺ intercalation, and a potential cathode material for high-energy rechargeable magnesium batteries.     

白云石制轻质氧化镁和氯化钙工艺探讨

本文提出了一种以白云石为原料制轻质氧化镁和氯化钙的方法,并对影响轻质氧化镁纯度的主要因素进行了研究,在优选工艺条件下得到的两种产品纯度均在92%以上.     

A kinetic model for describing effect of the external surface concentration of TiO2 on the reactivity of eggshell activated carbon supported TiO2 photocatalyst

The porous support supported TiO2 is considered to be the promising photocatalyst due to the fact that it is easily recovered from water and has high capacity to mineralize pollutants. Obviously, the expected structure of this kind of photocatalyst is egg-shell, that is, TiO2 is mainly on the external surface of the porous support. The reactivity of the supported photocatalyst strongly depends on the concentration of TiO2 on the external surface of the porous support. In this study, a kinetic model was developed to describe the effect of the external surface concentration of TiO2 （CESC） on the reactivity of egg-shell activated carbon （AC） supported TiO2 photocatalysts. It was found that the obtained model precisely described the effect of CESC, on the reactivity of TiO2/AC photocatalysts. This study can be used to deeply understand the performance of TiO2/AC catalysts and to provide valuable information on designing efficient supported TiO2 photocatalysts.     

钠镁诱导合成碱式碳酸铝铵及热解中自分散行为研究

对合成碱式碳酸铝铵及α纳米氧化铝的新方法进行了研究.基于室温固相反应的应用,在试验中有意识地引入钠镁诱导碱式碳酸铝铵的合成,从而得到不含结晶水的纤维状碱式碳酸铝铵微晶.试验还表明,经过钠镁诱导得到的纤维状碱式碳酸铝铵在裂解为α氧化铝的过程中呈现自分散行为,从而有效地克服了纳米氧化铝制备过程中的团聚问题,获得了尺寸均匀、分散良好、团聚较小的α相纳米氧化铝.     

Simulation experiments on the reaction system of CH4-MgSO4-H2O

H2S-rich gas in carbonate reservoirs is usually attributed to thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR）. In this paper, thermal simulation experiments on the reaction system of CH4-MgSO4-H2O were carried out using autoclave at 425℃--525℃. The threshold temperature for initiating TSR is much lower than our previous studies （550℃）. Properties of the reaction products were analyzed by microcoulometry, gas-chromatography （GC）, Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry （FT-IR） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） methods. Thermodynamics and reaction kinetics of TSR processes were investigated on the basis of the experimental data. The results show that thermochemical reduction of magnesium sulfate with methane can proceed spontaneously to produce magnesium oxide, hydrogen sulfur, and carbon dioxide as the main products, and high temperature is thermodynamically favorable to the reaction. Ac- cording to the reaction model, the calculated activation energy of TSR is 101.894 kJ/mol, which is lower than that by most previous studies. Mg^2＋ may have played a role of catalytic action in the process of TSR. The elementary steps of TSR and reaction mechanism were discussed tentatively. The study can provide important information on the explanation of geochemical depth limit for natural gas and on the generation of high H2S gas in deep carbonates reservoirs.     

Processing of refractory materials using various magnesium sources derived from Zinelbulak talc-magnesite

Magnesia (MgO) is widely used in the production of refractory materials due to its high melting point, high thermal shock, and excellent slag resistance. The properties of refractory materials depend upon magnesia sources and processing parameters. In this work, three different magnesium sources, namely, magnesium hydroxide concentrate, magnesium carbonate concentrate, and intermediate flotation concentrate, were obtained from the Zinelbulak talc-magnesite, Uzbekistan, by causticization-hydration and flotation processes, respectively. A series of refractory materials were prepared on the basis of these magnesium sources, and their effects on physico-mechanical properties and microstructures were investigated as a function of sintering temperature, molding pressure, and the particle size of magnesium sources. The experimental results showed that a refractory material obtained from the magnesium hydroxide concentrate at 1600℃ for 4 h demonstrated favorable parameters due mainly to a higher degree of contact among fine particles. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy confirmed the presence of periclase and forsterite as the predominant phases in refractory specimens. The prepared refractory materials meet the requirements of the State Standards (Nos.4689-94 and 14832-96) for magnesia and forsterite refractories, respectively. It is, therefore, suggested herein that the use of different magnesium sources derived from the Zinelbulak talc-magnesite will offer the potential to provide economic benefits in the refractory industry.