热型连铸准单晶铜杆的工艺及性能

利用现有的水平连铸设备,改冷铸型为加热铸型,并在此基础上对电解铜（纯度99．95％）进行了水平连铸试验。在纯铜热型连铸过程中,当铸型出口温度为1135℃、拉铸速度为74mm／s、冷却距离为20mm时,能够拉铸出准单晶铜棒材。试验后对准单晶铜的电阻率和力学性能进行了测试分析,结果表明：与国家标准纯铜线T2M相比,准单晶铜的电阻率与国家标准相当;准单晶铜的抗拉强度与国家标准相比降低了26．6％,伸长率最大增加了76％。因此,准单晶铜具有较优异的塑性加工性能和较低电阻率,并且生产率较高。     

热型连铸铝线的制备及其显微组织和性能

采用自制的热型连铸设备制备铝线材料,研究铸型温度和拉铸速度等工艺参数对材料表面质量、显微组织及力学性能的影响,通过对最佳工艺条件下制备的铸锭断口形貌进行观察和分析,探讨其相关机理。结果表明:当铸型温度为675~685℃、拉铸速度为90~120 mm/min时,可以制备出表面质量较佳的铸锭;同时,工艺参数会对晶体的择优取向产生一定影响,当铸型温度和拉铸速度分别为680℃和90 mm/min时,晶体的取向更倾向于沿?100?方向生长,铸型温度越高,铸锭力学性能越优异。当拉铸速度为90 mm/min时,制备的热型连铸铝线具有最佳的塑性加工能力。相比于普通多晶铝线,热型连铸铝线具有更好的塑性。     

热型连铸工艺参数的数值分析

根据热型连铸技术原理,建立了热型连铸凝固过程一维稳态温度场的物理、数学模型.通过数值计算,得出了铸型出口温度、冷却距离、拉铸速度和水的冷却强度等工艺参数对固液界面位置的影响.结果表明,该模型较为准确地反映了热型连铸的传热特点,铸型出口温度、冷却距离、拉铸速度和水的冷却强度对固液界面位置有明显影响.     

制备参数对HCCM水平连铸纯铜板坯组织与力学性能的影响

采用热冷组合铸型(HCCM)水平连铸制备横断面尺寸70 mm×10 mm(宽度×厚度)具有强轴向取向柱状晶组织的纯铜板坯,研究工艺参数对纯铜板坯微观组织、表面质量与力学性能的影响。结果表明:在铜液铸造温度1250℃,热型段温度1100~1150℃,冷却水流量600 L/h、连铸拉坯速度20~80 mm/min条件下可以制备出表面粗糙度低、具有沿拉坯方向强取向组织和优良力学性能的纯铜板坯,其抗拉强度为137~141 MPa,断后伸长率为45.1%~61.7%。随着拉坯速度的增加,HCCM水平连铸所制备纯铜板坯的组织均匀性增加,晶粒尺寸变小;热型段温度升高时板坯的柱状晶组织的晶界更加平直;而总体上力学性能受拉坯速度和热型段温度的影响较小。采用HCCM水平连铸,在热型温度为1150℃时制备的纯铜板坯的表面粗糙度小于0.3μm,无需进行铣面可直接进行后续冷加工,可为发展铜板带短流程生产工艺奠定基础。     

热型连续铸造法的原理及应用

通过对热型连铸原理的介绍及对有关文献的综述，论述了热型连铸的工艺特点和连铸金属的凝固特点，讨论了铸型出口端温度、冷却点至铸型出口端距离和拉铸速度等工艺变量对铸造金属内的温度场、凝固前沿液相温度梯度、固液界面位置、固液两相区长度和位置、拉铸过程、铸材结晶方式和形态及铸材表面质量的影响，并介绍了该工艺的工业应用典型实例     

热型连铸过程的一维稳态传热模型

根据热型连铸技术原理，建立了热型连铸凝固过程一维稳态温度场的物理、数学模型。通过数值计算，得出了铸型出口温度、冷却距离、拉铸速度和喷水冷却强度等工艺参数对铸坯固液界面位置的影响。计算结果与试验结果吻合。     

热型连铸过程的一维稳态传热模型

根据热型连铸技术原理,建立了热型连铸凝固过程一维稳态温度场的物理、数学模型.通过数值计算,得出了铸型出口温度、冷却距离、拉铸速度和喷水冷却强度等工艺参数对铸坯固液界面位置的影响.计算结果与文献上报道的实验结果吻合较好.     

基于一维稳态传热的纯金属热型连铸模型化分析——模型描述与参数定义

热型连铸是一种将定向凝固和连续铸造技术结合起来的近净成形(near-net-shape)新技术,在新材料开发与加工中获得了日益广泛的应用.根据热型连铸的基本原理和工艺特点,基于一维稳态传热分析,对纯金属热型连铸过程进行了模型化处理.定义了当量热导率和当量换热系数等模型化的工艺参数,获得了以固液界面为位置坐标原点的铸坯轴向温度分布解析解,可以对铸型温度、拉铸速度、温度梯度、固液界面位置、当量热导.率和当量换热系数之间的关系进行求解.给出了模型的物理数学描述和解析解;以纯锌为例阐述了根据实测温度分布曲线和固液界面位置确定当量热导率和当量换热系数的方法;以纯铜为例计算了固液界面位置、铸型温度和拉铸速度之间的匹配关系,计算结果与实验数据相符.     

热型连铸过程的一维稳态传热模型

根据热型连铸技术原理,建立了热型连铸凝固过程一维稳态温度场的物理、数学模型.通过数值计算,得出了(理论分析了)铸型出口温度、冷却距离、拉铸速度和喷水冷却强度等工艺参数对铸坯固液界面位置的影响规律.计算结果与文献报道的实验结果吻合较好.     

热型连铸技术的发展与应用

热型连铸是一项近净成形(near-net-shape)技术,它是将定向凝固和连铸技术结合起来的一种新型工艺.通过对有关文献的综述介绍了热型连铸的原理和工艺特点、工艺和设备种类的发展及其应用研究现状,论述了铸型出口温度、冷却距离(冷却点到铸型出口端的距离)、拉铸速度等工艺变量对铸造型材质量的影响,指出了该技术的局限性及改进方向.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.