可调功率双忙音无线MAC协议

针对无线多跳网络大干扰范围下的暴露终端问题及无线介质访问控制(MAC)协议的多源干扰叠加现象,提出一种基于双忙音信号的可调功率MAC协议——非对称双忙音(ADBT)协议,包括BT-CTS/BT-ACK机制和BAE算法2种解决方案。基于OPNET平台建立仿真模型用于比较分布式协调功能、DBTMA、VPDBT 和ADBT四种协议的性能,实验结果证明,ADBT能在大干扰范围下更有效地避免分组冲突,提高信道利用率。     

S-MAC与IEEE802.15.4的MAC层信道利用效率研究

提出一种计算MAC层信道利用效率的方法,从成帧效率、信道共享效率和冲突避免三个方面建立模型,对无线传感网络MAC层应用协议S-MAC和IEEE802.15.4进行计算分析,并将此两种协议的信道利用效率与IEEE802.11的信道利用效率进行对比,结合软件仿真说明S-MAC与IEEE802.15.4两种协议的适用范围.     

一个可感知干扰的无线自组网MAC协议

在分析无线自组织网中隐终端和暴露终端问题的基础上,指出在802.11MAC协议中,造成这两类问题的根本原因是其采用了简化的干扰模型,并提出一个基于busy tone的、可以感知干扰的MAC协议(IABT)用来提高无线自组织网的性能.通过在busy tone中编码当前的干扰信息,busy tone可以有效的为将要进行的通信预留信道.IABT协议可同时解决隐终端和暴露终端的问题.通过NS2的模拟仿真,显示出IABT协议可以有效的减少MAC层的冲突,从而提高了无线自组织网的性能.     

基于显式阻塞通知的自组织网络MAC协议

IEEE802.11 DCF协议利用RTS/CTS握手机制解决无线网络中重要的隐终端问题.但是该协议并不能解决所有的隐终端问题,如隐接收终端问题.本文提出一种显式阻塞通知（Explicit Blocking Notification,EBN）机制的握手协议来解决无线自组织网络中的隐接收终端问题.通过采用RTS/CTS/BN/DATA/ACK握手序列来提前通知邻居节点隐终端的当前状态,避免邻居节点盲目的分组传输.仿真结果显示,EBN机制可以获得比IEEE802.11 DCF协议更加稳定的流量,同时节约带宽资源,减小分组延迟.     

基于无线信道的冲突分解算法仿真研究

目前,无线局域网(WLAN)中的媒体接入控制层(MAC)广泛采用基于IEEE802.11的二进制指数回退算法(BEB)的DCF协议.当WLAN中的节点数目迅速增加时,该协议存在系统吞吐量会急剧降低,网络性能变差的缺点.详细分析了无线局域网中IEEE 802.11MAC层的二进制退避协议,指出原协议在进行冲突处理上的不足,并结合树型分解算法(TSA)和快速分解算法(FCR),提出一种改进的树型冲突分解算法(ITSA).并用MATLAB仿真了CSMA/CA协议和ITSA算法.分析和仿真结果证明,与IEEE 802.11等协议采用的二进制指数退避算法相比,该算法能较大的提高系统吞吐量.     

基于802.11e EDCA的无线网络传输性能仿真与分析

首先从理论上对比分析了IEEE 802.11 DCF和IEEE 802.11e EDCA这两种MAC接入机制;然后运用NS2网络模拟软件,仿真网络中视频、FTP和背景流在不同MAC协议网络中的性能表现,证实了IEEE 802.11e EDCA能提供QoS支持,提升无线网络传输性能。     

一种基于邻接节点信息的合作式Ad Hoc网络协议

在802.11协议中,DCF（Distributed Coordination Function）机制是节点共享无线信道进行数据传输的基本接入方式,为了解决无线网络中隐藏节点问题,使用RTS/CTS机制减少冲突,然而当网络节点数增加时,节点传输的冲突次数亦增加,从而使网络性能明显下降。因此,需要设计新的MAC协议,以适应当前Ad Hoc网络应用的快速发展。在IEEE 802.11的分布式协调功能访问机制（DCF）基础上,本文设计新的节点合作式的网络协议（C-MAC）。C-MAC节点通过控制帧获得本节点2跳内的邻接节点信息,并且根据邻接节点的信息设计调度算法,使节点以轮询的合作方式传输数据,有效地避免冲突。仿真实验表明,在改变节点速率、帧长度、网络节点数等参数情况下,分别以吞吐量、单帧传输时间和公平性为指标,对DCF和C MAC协议进行性能比较。在节点传输速率为11Mbps时,C MAC协议吞吐量比标准DCF最多可增加50%。     

一种平均噪声功率预估计的自组网节能机制

基于IEEE 802.11 DCF MAC协议提出了一种适用于移动无线自组网的功率控制节能方案,在该方案中节点通过一种接收过程中的噪声功率预估计方法和RTS/CTS握手机制的反馈,动态调节待发送数据分组的发射功率。协议分析和NS2仿真表明,该方案在不明显降低网络吞吐量的同时,可以有效降低分组发射的平均功耗,从而达到节能的目的。     

一种UWB Ad Hoc网络的自适应MAC协议算法与仿真

UWB Ad Hoc网络在距离、功率、速率上有很好的互换性,这是下一代无线系统所期望的.在IEEE802.11DCF机制的基础上,提出了一种根据收端信噪比和信干比自适应调整发送速率和分组长度的MAC协议算法,并对该协议性能进行了仿真,在跨层节约的机制调控下,有效地克服Ad Hoc网络带宽股限问题.结果显示,相对于使用固定速率和分组长度的MAC协议,该协议可使系统吞吐量得到较大提高.     

一种应用干扰消除进行冲突消解的分布式无线MAC协议

媒介接入控制(MAC)用以协调无线节点对公共信道的共享,对无线网络性能有至关重要的影响。传统的MAC协议只能抑制冲突,不能根除及处理冲突。提出了一种基于已知干扰消除技术的新型消解冲突方法,并以此为基础设计了一个全新的MAC协议——CR-MAC。在CR-MAC协议中,无线接入点(AP)通过将部分报文传输与已知干扰消除相结合来解码冲突所包含的所有报文。因此发生冲突的报文传输过程能够被充分利用,且所需的报文重传减少了。实验结果表明,在网络吞吐率及预期报文时延指标上,CR-MAC协议较普遍采用的IEEE 802.11DCF协议均有明显优势。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.