Geochemistry of granitoids and their minerals from Rebordelo–Agrochão area, northern Portugal

Deformed Hercynian peraluminous granitoids ranging from tonalite to granite crop out in the Rebordelo–Agrochão area, northern Portugal and some of them contain tonalitic and granodioritic enclaves. Variation diagrams of major and trace elements of the rocks, biotites and sphenes show fractionation trends. The most- and the least-deformed samples of granite and their biotites also define fractionation trends. There is decrease in all rare earth element (REE) contents and increase in the Eu anomaly in REE patterns from the most- to the least-deformed samples of granite. All the granitoids define a whole-rock Rb–Sr errorchron. A whole-rock Rb–Sr isochron for the least-deformed samples of granite yields an age of 357±9 Ma and an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.7087±0.0007. Geochemical modelling suggests that the tonalitic magma evolved by AFC (fractional crystallization of magnesiohornblende, plagioclase, quartz, biotite and ilmenite, and assimilation of metasediments) to originate tonalitic and granodioritic enclaves, granodiorite and granite. δ¹⁸O values support this mechanism. The tonalite is hybrid and derived by interaction of a mantle-derived magma and crustal materials.     

Geochemistry of the Chakradharpur granite—Gneiss complex—A Precambrian trondhjemite body from West Singhbhum,Eastern India

The Chakradharpur Granite—Gneiss complex (CKPG) is exposed as an elliptical body within the arcuate metamorphic belt sandwiched between the Singhbhum Granite in the south and the Chotonagpur Granite—Gneiss to the north. It consists of an older bimodal suite of grey gneiss and amphibolites, intruded by a younger unit of pegmatitic granite. The bimodal suite represents the basement to the enveloping metasediments.The average major-element chemistry of the grey gneiss conforms to the definition of trondhjemite and includes both low-Al₂O₃ and high-Al₂O₃ types. The amphibolites can be grouped into a low-MgO and a high-MgO type. Rocks of the younger unit range in composition from granodiorite to quartz monzonite. The two granitic units also differ significantly in their Rb, Sr and Ba contents, and in the REE distribution pattern. The grey gneiss shows a highly fractionated REE pattern and a distinct positive Eu anomaly, with Eu/Eu^* values increasing with increase in SiO₂ %. In samples of the younger granite, the REE pattern is less fractionated, with higher HREE abundance relative to the grey gneiss and usually shows a negative Eu anomaly. The two types of REE patterns in amphibolites are interpreted to represent the two broad groups identified on the basis of major element chemistry.On the basis of chemical data, a two-stage partial melting model for the genesis of grey gneiss is suggested, involving separation of hornblende and varying amounts of plagioclase in the residual phase. Varying amounts of plagioclase in the residuum result in the wide range of Al₂O₃ content of the partial melt from which the trondhjemites crystallised. Residual hornblende produces the highly fractionated REE pattern, but a relatively higher HREE content of the trondhjemites compared to those produced by separation of garnet in the residual phase. The high level of Ba together with moderate levels of Sr in the trondhjemites can also be explained by plagioclase in the residue, whose effectiveness in partitioning Ba compared to Sr is lower. Of the two groups of amphibolites, the low-MgO type shows relative depletion of LREE compared to the high-MgO type. It contains varying amounts of plagioclase and is tentatively suggested to represent the residue. The other group, with a slightly fractionated REE pattern (Ce_N/ Yb_N = 2.01), is generally considered to represent the source material for the trondhjemites. This may have been generated by 5–15% partial melting of mantle peridotites, containing higher concentrations of LIL elements than those which produced average Precambrian tholeiites. This first phase of partial melting resulted in the slightly fractionated REE pattern of these amphibolites. Derivation of the younger granitic unit from the trondhjemites can be ruled out on the basis of REE data alone. REE data suggest partial melting of metasediments to be the origin of these rocks. It is also possible that deeply buried volcanic rocks, similar to calc-alkaline components of greenstone belts, are the parent for this component.     

Experimental and geochemical evidence for derivation of the El Capitan Granite,California, by partial melting of hydrous gabbroic lower crust

Partial melting of mafic intrusions recently emplaced into the lower crust can produce voluminous silicic magmas with isotopic ratios similar to their mafic sources. Low-temperature (825 and 850°C) partial melts synthesized at 700 MPa in biotite-hornblende gabbros from the central Sierra Nevada batholith (Sisson et al. in Contrib Mineral Petrol 148:635–661, 2005) have major-element and modeled trace-element (REE, Rb, Ba, Sr, Th, U) compositions matching those of the Cretaceous El Capitan Granite, a prominent granite and silicic granodiorite pluton in the central part of the Sierra Nevada batholith (Yosemite, CA, USA) locally mingled with coeval, isotopically similar quartz diorite through gabbro intrusions (Ratajeski et al. in Geol Soc Am Bull 113:1486–1502, 2001). These results are evidence that the El Capitan Granite, and perhaps similar intrusions in the Sierra Nevada batholith with lithospheric-mantle-like isotopic values, were extracted from LILE-enriched, hydrous (hornblende-bearing) gabbroic rocks in the Sierran lower crust. Granitic partial melts derived by this process may also be silicic end members for mixing events leading to large-volume intermediate composition Sierran plutons such as the Cretaceous Lamarck Granodiorite. Voluminous gabbroic residues of partial melting may be lost to the mantle by their conversion to garnet-pyroxene assemblages during batholithic magmatic crustal thickening.     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of a peralkaline granite complex from the Midian Mountains, Saudi Arabia

A zoned intrusion with a biotite granodiorite core and arfvedsonite granite rim represents the source magma for an albitised granite plug near its eastern margin and radioactive siliceous veins along its western margin. A study of selected REE and trace elements of samples from this complex reveals that the albitised granite plug has at least a tenfold enrichment in Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Y, Th, U and Sr, and a greatly enhanced heavy/light REE ratio compared with the peralkaline granite. The siliceous veins have even stronger enrichment of these trace elements, but a heavy/light REE ratio and negative eu anomaly similar to the peralkaline granite. It is suggested that the veins were formed from acidic volatile activity and the plug from a combination of highly fractionated magma and co-existing alkaline volatile phase. The granodiorite core intrudes the peralkaline granite and has similar trace element geochemistry. The peralkaline granite is probably derived from the partial melting of the lower crust in the presence of halide-rich volatiles, and the granodiorite from further partial melting under volatile-free conditions.     

Unstable flow,magma mixing and magma-rock deformation in a deep-seated conduit: the Gil-Márquez Complex,south-west Spain

The Gil-Marquez Complex is an exceptional outcrop of plutonic rocks ranging in composition from diorites to granites emplaced into Devonian terrigenous metasediments of the southernmost part of the Hercynian basement of Iberia. A combined study of this complex, including field geology, petrology, structural geology and geochemistry, reveals that it represents an ancient conduit of magma transport through the continental crust. This conduit allowed the intrusion of magmas of contrasted compositions. Two end-members and several hybrids are identified. The first end-member is a biotite granite and the second is a basaltic magma generated by partial melting of a depletedmantle source. Both magmas rose through a common channel in which favorable conditions for unstable flow and magma mixing occurred. The observed relations in the Gil-Márquez Complex show that mixing in conduits may be an important mechanism for producing homogeneous hybrid magmas.     

The Archaean Nucleus of Singhbhum: The Present State of Knowledge

The supracrustal rocks of the Older Metamorphic Group (OMG), consisting of metasediments and ortho-amphibolite, constitute the oldest unit in the Archaean nucleus of Singhbhum. However, there are indications that still older (3.4–3.8 Ga) crust of both sialic and mafic composition existed in this region. The OMG ortho-amphibolites were formed by partial melting of mantle with near chondritic composition ca. 3.3 Ga ago, probably as a result of plume activity. Shortly afterwards, partial melting of the underplated mafic material produced a tonalitic melt (Older Metamorphic Tonalitic Gneiss — OMTG), which intruded the OMG supracrustals and the entire suite was deformed and metamorphosed to upper amphibolite facies. Subsequent to this, melting of the OMG ortho-amphibolites and the lower crustal material of probable andesitic composition produced melts varying in composition from tonalite to granite and these intruded in different phases to produce plutons of Singhbhum Granite, Bonai Granite and Kaptipada Granite, which together form volumetrically the major part of the Archaean nucleus. The older OMG and OMTG occur as enclaves within these younger granitoids. The time difference between the emplacements of the OMTG and the early phases of younger granitic intrusion was of the order of 100–200 Ma. Thus, serial additions of juvenile material led to the formation of a stable microcontinent by 3.2 Ga. Thermally triggered stretching in this microcontinent produced basins peripheral to the present day Singhbhum Granite pluton, and in these basins the younger supracrustal rocks of the Iron Ore Group (IOG), consisting of BIF, associated argillaceous and subordinate arenaceous rocks, and mafic lavas were laid down. There is inadequate field or geochronological evidence to resolve the issue of whether the different iron ore basins were coeval or not. Meagre geochronological data suggest that some of the BIFs are older than ca. 3.1 Ga. Post-IOG activity is confined to the intrusion of mafic dyke swarms and formation of intracratonic basins, the ages of both being uncertain.     

The structural and geochemical evolution of the Singhbhum granite batholithic complex, India

The Singhbhum granite batholithic complex of eastern India is composed mainly of (a) the Older Metamorphic Group, tonalite (-trondhjemite) gneiss (OMTG, 3800 Ma old), whch intruded synkinematically into the enveloping Older Metamorphic Group (OMG, > 3800 Ma old) and (b) the Singhbhum granite (SBG) consisting of three distinct but closely related phases of at least twelve separate magmatic units of granodiorite-granite (2950 Ma old), and a number of patches of granitised OMG orthoamphibolites. Geochemical studies including REE and LIL elements suggest that (a) the OMG orthoamphibolites were derived either by re-melting of a K-poor basalt (LKT) or of mantle peridotite with high concentration of LIL elements, (b) the OMG tonalite was derived by partial melting of amphibolite and (c) the Singhbhum granite magmas appear to have formed in two distinct modes: (i) partial melting of amphibolite for the magmas of phases I and II and (ii) partial melting of a siliceous, garnet-bearing granulite for magmas of the phase III units.     

桂北新元古代两类过铝花岗岩的地球化学研究

广西北部新元古代花岗岩类岩石包括黑云母花岗闪长岩和黑云母花岗岩。地球化学特征表明，黑云母花岗闪长岩与含堇青石的过铝花岗岩（CPG）相当，而黑云母花岗岩则类似于白云母二长花岗岩（MPG）。黑云母花岗岩类是成熟地宙岩石部分熔融作用的产物，而黑云母花岗闪长岩类的形成与地幔柱起源的镁铁质岩浆和地壳起源的过铝质黑云母花岗岩浆之间的混合作用有关。这两类新元古代过铝花岗岩的形成与碰撞造山导致地壳加厚的挤压性构造无关，而与导致Rodinia超大陆裂解的地幔柱上升诱发岩石圈伸展的张性构造相联系。     

Crustal stabilization:Evidence from the geochemistry and U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology of quartzites from Simlipal Complex,Singhbhum Craton,India

Cratonic stabilization was a critical crustal process during the Hadean to Archean for the formation of cratons.The understanding of how and where this process took place is significant to evaluate the architecture of continents.The Singhbhum Craton of eastern India has well preserved Precambrian volcanosedimentary sequences.The Simlipal volcano-sedimentary complex of Singhbhum Craton consists of circular bands of mafic volcanic rocks interlayered with quartzites/shales/phyllites.In the present study,we report petrographic and geochemical characteristics of quartzites from Simlipal Complex coupled with U–Pb ages of detrital zircons and zircon geochemistry to understand the provenance and depositional conditions and its connection with the crustal stabilization in the Singhbhum Craton.The quartzites are texturally mature with sub-angular to sub-rounded quartz grains followed by feldspars embedded in a silty matrix.Based on modal compositions and major element ratios,these quartzites are categorized as quartz arenite and sub-lithic arenites.Trace element abundances normalized to Archean Upper Continental Crust(AUCC)display positive anomalies at U,Zr,Hf and negative anomalies at Nb.REE patterns are characterized by negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu^*=0.47–0.97)and flat HREE suggesting felsic provenance.These quartzites show depletion of LILE,enrichment of HFSE and transition metals relative to AUCC.High weathering indices such as CIA,PIA,and ICV are suggestive of moderate to intense chemical weathering.Low trace element ratios such as Th/Cr,Th/Sc,La/Sc,La/Co and Th/Co indicate a predominantly felsic source for these rocks.The overall geochemical signatures indicate passive margin deposition for these quartzites.Detrital zircons from the Simlipal quartzites yield U–Pb ages 3156±31 Ma suggesting Mesoarchean crustal heritage.The trace element geochemistry of detrital zircons suggests that the zircons are magmatic in origin and possibly derived from the 3.1 Ga anorogenic granite/granitoid provenance of Singhbhum Craton.These observations collectively indicate the Mayurbhanj Granite and Singhbhum Granite(SBG-III)provenance for these quartzites,thereby tracking the stabilization of the eastern Indian Shield/Singhbhum Craton back to Mesoarchean.     

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Granitoids at Sharang Eocene Porphyry Mo Deposit in the Main‐Stage of India‐Asia Continental Collision,Northern Gangdese,Tibet

The Sharang porphyry Mo deposit is the first discovered Mo porphyry‐type deposit in the Gangdese Metallogenic Belt. The orebody is hosted by the Eocene multi‐stage composite intrusive complex which is emplaced in the Upper Permian Mengla Formation and cut by the Miocene dykes. Granite porphyry is recognized as the ore‐bearing porphyry in the complex, which consists of quartz diorite, quartz monzonite, granite, prophyritic granite and post‐mineral lamprophyre. Granodiorite porphyry and dacite porphyry intrude the granite porphyry. Geochemical data indicate that Sharang complex has a High‐K calc‐alkalinc to shoshonitic, metaluminous to slightly peraluminous composition. The Sharang complex rocks are enriched in large ion lithophile elements, depleted in high‐field strength elements, Nb, Sr, P and Ti. REE patterns show slight enrichments in light REE relative to heavy REE and weak negative Eu anomalies. All rocks in this complex have a wide range of initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.705605～0.712496) and lower ε_Nd(t) values (?0.61～?7.80). The geochemical data suggest highly oxidized‐evolved magma and old continental materials may have been the magma source for the Sharang intrusive complex that host porphyry Mo mineralization. Eocene pre‐ore and ore‐forming rocks at Sharang may have formed by partial melting of mantle wedge and by mixing with old continental crust at the lower crust level. In contrast the post‐ore rocks may have formed by partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle.     

Geochemistry of S-type granitic rocks from the reversely zoned Castelo Branco pluton (central Portugal)

The zoned pluton from Castelo Branco consists of Variscan peraluminous S-type granitic rocks. A muscovite>biotite granite in the pluton's core is surrounded successively by biotite>muscovite granodiorite, porphyritic biotite>muscovite granodiorite grading to biotite=muscovite granite, and finally by muscovite>biotite granite. ID-TIMS U–Pb ages for zircon and monazite indicate that all phases of the pluton formed at 310 ± 1 Ma. Whole-rock analyses show slight variation in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_310 Ma between 0.708 and 0.712, Nd_310 Ma values between − 1 and − 4 and δ¹⁸O values between 12.2 and 13.6. These geological, mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic data indicate a crustal origin of the suite, probably from partial melting of heterogeneous Early Paleozoic pelitic country rock. In detail there is evidence for derivation from different sources, but also fractional crystallization linking some of internal plutonic phases. Least-squares analysis of major elements and modelling of trace elements indicate that the porphyritic granodiorite and biotite=muscovite granite were derived from the granodiorite magma by fractional crystallization of plagioclase, quartz, biotite and ilmenite. By contrast variation diagrams of major and trace elements in biotite and muscovite, the behaviours of Ba in microcline and whole-rock δ¹⁸O, the REE patterns of rocks and isotopic data indicate that both muscovite-dominant granites were probably originated by two distinct pulses of granite magma.     

花岗岩浆形成定位机制的思考与研究进展

花岗岩(广义)是陆壳的标志,也是地球岩石圈区别于其它行星岩石圈的标志。文章介绍了行星探测和大洋调查等方面的成果对花岗岩形成的地质约束:行星从岩浆表壳向岩石表壳转换过程以及现代地幔过程,均没有产生有规模意义的花岗岩;花岗岩及其所标志的陆壳,应是星球出现水圈和沉积岩之后的产物;花岗岩在地球岩石圈二维空间上的平均生长速率,大约为485×10~3km~2/Myr;岩浆主要来自地壳岩石的部分熔融(深熔)。在此基础上,文章介绍了深熔作用方面的研究进展,讨论了部分熔融岩石的流变行为与其内熔体比的关系,并比较了岩浆侵入模型与岩浆对流模型在解释花岗岩形成定位机制方面的异同。侵入模型的困难之一来自岩体与源区分离。由于源区位于岩体下方且远离岩体,因而是不可观察的,除非岩体及其与源区之间的岩石因风化或构造被剥蚀殆尽。文章最后介绍了"深熔-对流"模型的研究进展。该模型认为"源区"与"定位区间"是统一的,当"源区"岩石的熔体比例超过流变学的临界熔体比,岩石转变为"脏"岩浆;"脏"岩浆层内的重力分异诱发热对流,后者引起"顶蚀作用",导致重熔界面(MI)或固-液转换界面(SLT)不断向上移动和岩浆层的逐渐增厚。基本认识是:熔区内的热对流是深熔作用能够形成大规模花岗岩浆的必要条件;没有对流,陆壳岩石的部分熔融只能产生混合岩,不能产生岩基规模的花岗岩。     

甘肃阿克塞余石山铌钽矿区二长花岗岩成因和形成环境:来自年代学及地球化学的证据

余石山铌钽矿区位于北阿尔金-柴北缘-祁连的交汇部位,该区域构造演化复杂.为了揭示矿区内二长花岗岩的成因和形成环境,运用岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Lu-Hf同位素等理论及技术方法对该二长花岗岩进行了系统的研究.该二长花岗岩的详细定名为中细粒似斑状黑云二长花岗岩,暗色矿物以黑云母、角闪石为主.地球化学特征表明,余石山的二长花岗岩属于钾玄质准铝质-弱过铝质系列,富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素,稀土元素配分曲线具有明显的负Eu异常,δEu的平均值为0.57,（La/Yb）_N的平均值为11.09,说明该二长花岗岩体岩浆部分熔融程度较高.根据岩石学及地球化学特征可判断该岩体为I型花岗岩.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年显示,该二长花岗岩的结晶年龄为481.3±1.7 Ma,形成于早奥陶世.锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析表明,锆石ε_Hf（t）的值为+0.4~+11.8,均为正值,二阶段模式年龄的范围为675~1 308 Ma,指示其源岩主要为元古代新生地壳物质.该二长花岗岩的形成与早奥陶世时期北阿尔金洋壳俯冲中南祁连陆壳密切相关,在中南祁连陆壳边缘的余石山地区（弧后）,由于洋壳俯冲导致了陆壳的伸展从而产生了裂隙,俯冲产生的熔融岩浆通过裂隙上侵而形成了该二长花岗岩岩体.      

胶北地块与金成矿有关的郭家岭岩体和上庄岩体年代学及地球化学研究

胶东半岛是我国最主要的原生金矿矿集区,金矿的主要控矿围岩是郭家岭花岗岩,通过研究郭家岭花岗岩的地球化学特征对研究金矿的成因和物质来源具有指示性意义。本文研究的两个花岗岩岩体为上庄岩体和郭家岭岩体,两岩体同属郭家岭型花岗岩。通过对两岩体的花岗岩样进行岩相学矿相学观察、全岩主、微量元素和U-Pb同位素分析,获得胶东半岛中生代岩浆岩的成因机制与源区性质及自然金的产出形式等科学信息。LAICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄得出郭家岭岩体年龄125.4±2.2 Ma,上庄岩体U-Pb年龄128.8±2.0 Ma,都为中生代早白垩世,两岩体年龄相差3Ma,在年龄误差范围来看可以把两岩体作为同一期岩体,也在年龄角度证实两岩体都同属郭家岭花岗岩。两岩体的锆石组成都含有太古宙和晚侏罗纪的继承锆石,指示两岩体的成岩物质来源具相似性,都包含太古宙岩石成分和晚侏罗世花岗岩成分。两岩体具有相似的稀土元素和微量元素分配模式,表现出明显的LREE富集和HREE极度亏损,没有明显的铕负异常。郭家岭岩体和上庄岩体花岗岩都具有类似埃达克岩的特征,都具有高的Sr含量(913×10-6~1325×10-6),低的Y含量(2.2×10-6~8.4×10-6)和Yb含量(0.21×10-6~0.68×10-6),较高的(Dy/Yb)N比值1.62~2.28,暗示花岗岩岩浆形成时石榴石是一个重要的残留相,而没有斜长石作为残留相。两岩体具有较低的MgO、Cr、Ni含量和Mg#,反映郭家岭型花岗岩岩浆的形成可能是岛弧环境榴辉岩相压力条件下洋壳玄武质岩石的部分熔融。     

A granite–gabbro complex from Madagascar: constraints on melting of the lower crust

The Ranomandry Complex is a Neoproterozoic, nested intrusion from central Madagascar composed of a gabbroic core within a coeval peraluminous granite ring intruding pelitic metasediments. Although xenocryst entrainment and magma mixing have both contributed to marginal phases of the granite, the primary melt is characterised by steep LREE/HREE ratios and negligible, or slightly positive, Eu anomalies. Both isotopic and trace element systematics preclude an origin from either partial melting of the metapelitic country rock or from fractional crystallisation of the gabbroic magma. However, trace-element modelling suggests an origin from the dehydration melting of a plagioclase-poor, garnet-bearing metagreywacke at temperatures of 850–900 °C and at lower crustal pressures (>10 kbar). Melting of an enriched subcontinental mantle generated gabbroic magmas that caused advective heating and anatexis at the base of thickened continental crust during their ascent. Transport of the resulting granite magma was facilitated by the pre-existing plumbing system that overcame thermal and mechanical problems associated with both diapirism and self-propagating dykes as mechanisms for long-distance transport of granite magmas. The nested geometry of the intrusions is an indication of a structurally homogeneous lower crust that contains no pre-existing shear zones or fault systems.     

湘西大神山印支期花岗岩的岩石学和地球化学特征

湘西大溶溪钨矿床在空间、成因上与大神山花岗岩关系密切,但目前大神山花岗岩的研究程度较低,这严重制约了对其成岩机理、形成地质背景、以及对大溶溪钨矿矿床成因与成矿机理的认识。本文对大神山花岗岩的岩石学和地球化学进行了研究,并揭示了该花岗岩的成因及其成岩的构造背景。研究表明,大神山花岗岩呈岩株产出,主要为黑云母二长花岗岩,其锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄为(224.3±1.0)Ma。相比于华南地区其它印支期花岗岩,大神山花岗岩具有酸度、碱度偏低,而富含MgO、CaO的特点,属准铝质-弱过铝质、高钾钙碱性岩系。该花岗岩稀土总量较低,表现出富轻稀土、弱负铕异常、轻重稀土分馏明显的特征;成矿元素W含量极高,Ba/Rb、Ni/Co、Rb/Sr值普遍较低,显示其岩浆结晶分异不充分。从成因上看,大神山花岗岩为I型花岗岩,形成于扬子地块与华夏地块强烈会聚之后的后碰撞晚造山阶段,可能是幔源岩浆底侵与下地壳局部熔融所形成的幔、壳混熔岩浆不断演化的结果。     

湖南桂东小江花岗岩体:一个潜在Rb-Nb-Y矿床的岩石化学特征及其成矿远景

铷是一种具有广泛用途的稀有金属。湖南桂东县小江地区曾于1958年地质预查确定为砂锡矿,但未见进一步工作的报道。本次工作系统采集了矿区的细粒二云母花岗岩、黑云母斑状花岗岩、粗粒黑云母花岗岩的岩石样品。精细测试表明,三者是同期花岗岩浆多阶段演化的产物,随着演化程度的增高,岩体内的稀有金属含量逐渐增高。细粒二云母花岗岩属于重稀土富集型花岗岩,稀土配分模式表现出岩浆晚期富挥发份组成而造成的四分组效应,其基岩中的Rb2O含量超过0.1%,达到花岗岩型铷矿床的工业品位;Nb的含量达到伴生矿的要求,具有全岩矿化的特征;风化壳中Y的含量达到许多离子吸附型矿床的钇含量。Rb元素主要赋存在二云母花岗岩的钾长石和黑云母中,Y主要赋存在萤石中。按照二云母花岗岩的厚度50m计算,Rb2O储量约为16万吨。除此之外,矿区还应该注意寻找伟晶岩型稀有金属矿脉,并重视矿区风化壳发生离子吸附型重稀土矿化的可能性。     

青藏高原拉萨地块西部亚热南复式岩体年代学与地球化学

青藏高原拉萨地块发育着中新世斑岩,该后碰撞时期的斑岩因与斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床有着密切关系已被前人做过大量研究。然而对于拉萨地块西部未成矿斑岩岩体的年代学、地球化学报道研究较少。本文对拉萨地块西部亚热南复式岩体识别出的两类侵入岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学研究表明,亚热南复式岩体主要由始新世黑云母二长花岗岩(年龄49.4±0.9Ma)和中新世花岗斑岩(年龄16.3~16.5Ma)组成。始新世黑云母二长花岗岩属钾玄岩系列准铝质-弱过铝质,具有低的Sr/Y、(La/Yb)N值高Y、YbN值具有典型的岛弧岩浆岩性质;中新世花岗斑岩为钾玄岩系列、准铝质,具有类埃达克质特征。这两种岩性所反映的源区亦存在差别,始新世黑云母二长花岗岩源区为地幔楔混染过的中下地壳;而具有埃达克性质的花岗斑岩则可能是源于古老地壳部分熔融。结合年代学及构造背景,推论出始新世黑云母二长花岗岩的岩石成因为新特提斯洋板片断离引发混染过的中下地壳发生熔融并结晶分异形成;而中新世花岗斑岩则形成于某种动力学机制引发的古老下地壳熔融后侵位于上地壳。     

Geochemical constraints on the late-stage evolution of basaltic magma as revealed by composite dikes within the Kangâmiut dike swarm, West Greenland

The Kangâmiut dike swarm in West Greenland contains numerous composite dikes with mafic margins and andesitic centers. Internal chilled margins show that the andesitic centers intruded into the middle of the mafic dikes. Major element systematics indicate that the fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxides drove the evolution of the Kangâmiut parental magma during its transition from mafic to andesitic compositions. Incompatible trace elements show a marked relative decrease in middle and heavy rare-earth elements (REE) between the mafic margins and the andesitic centers. The decrease in the REE is not explicable by olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxide fractionation or by the fractionation of the accessory phases apatite, zircon or garnet. Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd isotopes from margin and center pairs from these composite dikes are nearly identical indicating that crustal contamination had little to no affect on their evolution. Trace element modeling utilizing the mixing of evolved Kangâmiut magmas and low degree melts derived from partial melting of garnet lherzolite produce excellent fits with the trace element patterns for the andesitic centers. These models suggest that the late-stage evolution of the Kangâmiut dikes included input of mantle melts produced during the end stages of rifting.     

湘南都庞岭复式花岗岩成因及地质意义:矿物化学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学与Nd-Hf同位素制约

文章对位于南岭西段湘桂交界处的都庞岭东侧岩体开展了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学、岩石学、矿物化学、岩石地球化学和Sm-Nd、Lu-Hf同位素分析研究。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果显示,粗中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩年龄为215.6±2.1 Ma,中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩年龄为220.5±1.8 Ma,中粒环斑黑云母二长花岗岩年龄为222.8±1.5 Ma,结合以往研究获得的细粒白云母二长花岗岩年龄209.7±3.1 Ma,认为岩体侵位时限介于222.8~209.7 Ma,为印支期岩浆活动产物,非以往认为的燕山期。环斑钾长石、黑云母聚晶的矿物化学特征表明环斑黑云母二长花岗岩形成过程中岩浆温度、压力、成分发生震荡变化,在玄武质岩浆的底侵作用下发生多次熔融作用形成黑云母聚晶。都庞岭黑云母二长花岗岩具有较高的SiO₂和K₂O+Na₂O含量,A/CNK值为1.02~1.39,里特曼指数(δ)为0.93~2.18,属过铝质钙碱性系列;微量元素地球化学性质表现为富集REE、Rb、Th和U及较高的HFSE(Nb、Y和Ga),亏损Ba、Sr、Eu,具有高的TFeO/MgO、Ga/Al比值,地球化学特征显示为A型花岗岩;Nd同位素ε_Nd(t)值为-8.74~-8.13,T_2DM值为1.71~1.66 Ga;锆石Hf同位素ε_Hf(t)值为-14.1~-1.4,T_2DM值为2.14~1.34 Ga,显示都庞岭黑云母二长花岗岩主要源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融,并受到了一定程度的亏损地幔物质的混染。印支运动的变质峰期在258~243 Ma,233 Ma以后华南地区处于伸展的构造背景并受到幔源玄武质岩浆大范围底侵,诱发地壳物质重熔形成伸展背景下的都庞岭印支期铝质A型(环斑)花岗岩。