Pitting corrosion behavior of cerium treated HSLA steel induced by sulfide inclusions in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

Pitting corrosion behavior of Ce treated HSLA steels induced by sulfide inclusions in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization and immersion corrosion test.The results show that Ce added steels exhibit better pitting corrosion resistance with lower corrosion current density and bigger pitting potential compared with steel without Ce,which is mainly attributed to optimized characteristics of spherical Ce-oxysulfide inclusions with less number density,smaller average size and lower pitting corrosion susceptibility.The spherical Ce₂O₂ S inclusions precipitated on the surface of CeAlO₃ inclusions in the Ce added steels induce pits with bigger opening mouth and shallow depth,reducing their tendency of extension to go deeper due to occlusion corrosion battery in the pitting holes.Furthermore,corrosion inhibitor Ce(OH)₃ generated by Ce₂O₂ S hydration can weaken electrochemical corrosion of the matrix micro-region around the pits.To avoid harmful bigger inclusions,Ce content in steels should be regulated within reasonable range,0.015 wt% Ce in present steels effectively modified inclusions to acquire the best pitting corrosion resistance of the steels.     

Effects of cerium addition on solidification structure and mechanical properties of 434 ferritic stainless steel

Effects of Ce refiners on the solidification structure and the mechanical property of ferritic stainless steel were investigated, the corresponding mechanisms were also discussed. The results showed that the solidification of the ferritic stainless steel was remarkably refined with 0.011 wt.% Ce and 0.023 wt.% Ce refiners. Ce played a great role of inclusion modification and the shape and size of the inclusions were changed by adding Ce. And after adding rare earth Ce, great amounts of high-melting point rare earth Ce inclusions(Ce_2O_3 and Ce_2O_2S) were formed. The fracture mode of 434 ferritic stainless steel was typical cleavage fracture, however, the ductility and the toughness of ferritic stainless steel was remarkably enhanced with 0.011 wt.% Ce and 0.023 wt.% Ce refiner. But the solidification structure and the mechanical property of 434 ferritic stainless steel could not be improved with 0.034 wt.% Cerefiner.     

碱土钡元素对重轨钢夹杂和性能影响的研究

用Fe-Ba-Al-Si合金处理U_(71)Mn钢液,可以减少钢中夹杂物总量。钡能改变夹杂物的形态,并能获得细小的、均匀分布的球状夹杂;夹杂物主要是Al_2O_3与变态的(Ca、Mn)S结合成的复相夹杂,减少了单相存在的Al_2O_3;钡能缩减或消失夹杂物的长度,特别是对Al_2O_3簇状夹杂物的长度;钡在钢中溶解度极小,对钢的机械性能未见不良影响而能改善钢的冲击韧性。     

321不锈钢中大型夹杂物的研究

采用大样电解方法研究了321不锈钢冶炼连铸过程中大型夹杂物的类型和数量变化,分析了吹氩搅拌对大型夹杂物数量的影响。结果表明：喂钛线前,321不锈钢中的大型夹杂物主要有CaO-SiO2—Al2O3、CaO-MgO-SiO2、SiO2等;喂钛线后,由于[Ti]还原夹杂物中的SiO2,形成部分含TiO2的夹杂物。吹氩采用弱搅拌,不仅可以避免二次氧化,而且能够促使钢中夹杂物上浮。     

锆处理低碳低合金高强度钢的杂质控制

针对传统工艺技术生产的高强度低合金钢(HSLA)中杂质较高、性能不稳定等缺陷,改进了冶炼及连铸过程中一些工艺,形成了一套自主操作技术.生产的锆处理HSLA钢杂质含量显著降低,加入合金元素锆经改进工艺生产的钢板中夹杂物的大小、形态及分布均得到了明显改善,形成颗粒细小、圆形或近圆形、呈弥散分布的夹杂物.经电子探针和能谱分析表明,夹杂物一般是由Ti2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2及MnS组成的复合夹杂物,Ti2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2位于复合夹杂物的中心部位,MnS位于外层.锆处理和新工艺联合应用有效地改善了钢中夹杂物的特性,生产的HSLA钢板质量大幅度提高,具有良好的力学性能.     

Study on non-metallic inclusions in Al killed high strength alloy steel refined by high basicity and high Al_2O_3 content slag

Laboratory and industrial studies were carried out to investigate non-metallic inclusions in high strength alloy steel refined by high basicity and high Al₂O₃ slag.It was found that the steel/slag reaction time largely affected non-metallic inclusions.With the reaction time increased from 30 min to 90 min in laboratory study,MgO-Al₂O₃ spinels were gradually changed into CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃ system inclusions surrounded by softer CaO-Al₂O₃ surface layers.By using high basicity slag which contained as much as 41%Al₂O₃ in the laboratory study,ratio of low melting temperature CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃ system inclusions was remarkably increased to above 80%.In the industrial experiment,during the secondary refining,the inclusions changed in order of "Al₂O₃→MgO-Al₂O₃→CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃".Through the LF and RH refining,most inclusions could be transferred to lower melting temperature CaO-Al₂O₃ and CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃ system inclusions.     

高炉渣的偏振化能量色散X射线荧光光谱分析

用带有Mo,Al2O3和HOPG3个次级靶的偏振化能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪,成功地分析了高炉渣中MgO,Al2O3,CaO,SiO2,S,TiO2,MnO和TFe。高炉渣中主要成分SiO2,Al2O3,CaO,MgO相互之间的干扰,使用Luscas Tooth和Price经验系数法校正。总的测量时间为600s,结果能满足冶金生产的要求。     

电解提取-X射线荧光光谱法测定钢中氧化物夹杂分量

研究了应用X射线荧光光谱仪的微区分析功能测定钢中氧化物夹杂分量的方法。优化了电解提取氧化物夹杂及X射线荧光光谱测定其分量的条件,同时建立了分析方法。实验结果表明,试样在弱酸性电解液并控制电流密度为0.02~0.06 A/cm2的条件下进行电解效果较好,测得氧化物夹杂总量一致。实验确定用X射线荧光光谱仪微区测定氧化物夹杂分量的最少样品量为不少于3 mg。用本法测定样品中氧化物夹杂分量SiO2,Al2O3,CaO,MgO,MnO2,Fe2O3,TiO2,Cr2O3的准确度(σ)为0.096%~0.63%,相对标准偏差小于6%,检出限为0.003×10-6~0.025×10-6。     

Cerium Distribution in Spheroidal Graphite of Cast Iron

Six thin sections of spheroidal graphites in cast iron have been investigated by TEM and SEM.Thespheroidal graphites consist of two or three layers and have nuclei which are composed of Ce_2O_2S and Ce_2O_3.Cerium is existed ont only in nuclei,but also in central layer and middle layer of graphite.     

稀土铈对内生TiC型超级耐磨钢组织性能的影响

 作为耐磨钢研究的新领域,引入高体积分数TiC粒子的超级耐磨钢,虽然能够提升钢的耐磨性,但会降低材料的韧塑性。为了提升超级耐磨钢的综合性能,研究稀土铈对超级耐磨钢组织性能的影响,采用真空感应炉冶炼出不同铈质量分数的试验钢,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、电子探针(EPMA)、硬度测试、低温冲击性能测试、磨损性能测试等手段,研究了铈对试验钢TiC粒子析出行为、组织、力学性能以及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,热处理后试验钢的组织为回火马氏体。铈可以将高钛耐磨钢中TiC、TiN粒子改性为Ce₂O₂S-TiC、Ce₂O₂S-TiN、CeP-TiC和xCeP·yCe₂O₃-TiC稀土复合粒子。随着铈质量分数的增加,试验钢的强度和硬度变化不大,低温韧性和耐磨性先提高后下降,在铈质量分数为0.002 5%时,其综合性能最佳,相对耐磨性为未添加铈试验钢的1.27倍。     

Effect of Ce doping into V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2 catalysts on the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x by NH_3

In this work, the effectiveness of V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2 catalysts modified with different CeO_2 contents by impregnation and co-precipitation methods on the selective catalytic reduction of NOxby NH3 have been studied comparatively by various experimental techniques. The results showed that the NO conversion of V_2O_5-WO_3/CeO_2-TiO_2 catalysts modified by co-precipitation method obviously increased with the Ce doping contents in the studied range below 20%(All Ce contents are in mass fractions), but the NO conversion of V_2O_5-WO_3/CeO_2/TiO_2 catalysts modified by impregnation methods was lower than V_2O_5-WO_3/CeO_2-TiO_2 catalysts especially beyond 2.5% Ce doping contents. The V_2O_5-WO_3/CeO_2-TiO_2 catalysts showed better SCR activity, wider reaction window, and higher sulfur and water resistance. The characterization results elucidated that the modified catalysts by co-precipitation method exhibited higher specific surface area, much better dispersity of Ce component, more Ce~(3+)species and more Br?nsted acid sites than that by impregnation. The vacancies caused by more Ce~(3+)species were favorable for more NO oxidation to NO_2, and the interaction between Ce species and WOxspecies generated more Br?nsted acid sites. It could be supposed that dispersed Ce Oxspecies and WOxspecies offered more second active centers respectively to adsorb oxygen and activate ammonia as co-catalysis to the primary active center of V ions, thus facilitated the better SCR activity of modified V_2O_5-WO_3/CeO_2-TiO_2 catalysts by coprecipitation methods. The co-precipitation methods with Ce component were more suitable for production of modified commercial V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2 catalysts.     

稀土元素Ce对409L不锈钢退火组织和热疲劳性能的影响

试验用409L不锈钢（/%:0.01 C,0.82~0.86Si,0.26Mn,0.002~0.006S,0.034~0.041P,11.44~11.51Cr,0.24~0.27Ti,0~0.09Ce）由10 kg真空感应炉熔炼,锻成30 mm×30 mm方坯,冷轧成2 mm钢板,1100℃ 5min退火。研究了Ce对409L钢900℃ 30min退火组织的影响和900℃-室温热疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,当钢中含0.03%Ce时409L钢退火晶粒细化,热疲劳性能最佳,当进一步增加Ce含量,退火晶粒粗化,钢的热疲劳性能逐渐降低。添加稀土元素Ce后,钢中TiN和TiN-Al₂O₃复合夹杂物基本消除,形成细小球形含Ce的钛氮复合夹杂物和含Ce的Al-O-Ti复合夹杂物,添加过多的Ce,使晶界夹杂物增加,降低热疲劳性能。     

稀土元素铈对精密模具用不锈钢组织性能的影响

为了提高精密模具用不锈钢的性能,在3Cr13马氏体不锈钢中添加质量分数为0.002%的稀土元素铈（Ce）,经淬火+回火处理后,采用金相观察、SEM、拉伸试验、冲击试验和硬度测试等方法,研究了Ce对3Cr13马氏体不锈钢组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:Ce能细化淬火+回火后的马氏体组织,使其晶粒大小趋于一致,“白块区”马氏体分布更加均匀,使试验钢屈服强度和抗拉强度提高了100 MPa以上,0 ℃低温冲击韧性提高了62 J/cm2,HV₁₀硬度值提高了48。同时Ce改变了试验钢低温冲击试样的断口形貌,减少了夹杂物引起的“孔洞”缺陷,阻碍了裂纹的扩展,提高了试验钢的低温冲击韧性。      

无铝脱氧在钢轨钢中的应用

攀钢采用无铝脱氧工艺，使钢轨钢中的Als和A12O3夹杂大幅降低，满足了用户对钢轨钢中Als和A12O3夹杂的要求。     

Effects of support property on the catalytic performance of CeO2-ZrO2-CrOx for 1,2-dichloroethane oxidation

HZSM-5, Al₂O₃, TiO₂ and SiO₂ supported CeO₂-ZrO₂-CrO_x catalysts were prepared by deposition-precipitation method and tested for deep catalytic oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane（DCE）, as one of the common chlorinated organic pollutants. All the catalysts were characterized by means of N₂ adsorption-desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, ammonia-temperatureprogrammed desorption（NH₃-TPD） and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction（H2-TPR）. The characterization results revealed that there was strongly synergistic effect between the oxidizability of CZCr species and the acidity of supports, which obviously promoted the catalytic activity for DCE degradation. 20% CZCr/HZSM-5 showed the highest activity and good durability during the long-term continuous test. The catalytic activity decreased in the order: 20%CZCr/HZSM-5>CZCr>20%CZCr/TiO₂>20%CZCr/Al₂O₃>20%CZCr/SiO₂.     

Physical properties in the temperature range from –180 to 400°C of nickel alloy steels for low-temperature applications

Nickel, which is the second neighbour to iron in the periodic table of elements, has a significant effect on most of the physical properties of the steels studied here, with the nickel content of the steels varying between 3 and 9%. Density and coercive force increase as the nickel content in the steel increases. By contrast, thermal expansion, modulus of elasticity and shear modulus decrease with increasing nickel content. Because of large scatter in the data, it is not possible to notice any significant influence of nickel content on Poisson's ratio and bulk modulus. Specific heat is also found not to vary with the nickel content of the steel. Electrical resistivity and thermal resistivity values increase, as expected, with increasing nickel content. The results of thermal conductivity measurements on 12 Ni 19 and X 8 Ni 9 have led to the development of modified Smith-Palmer relationships, which allow the calculation of the thermal conductivity values for the present set of steels and other steels with similar compositions.     

Al对稀土处理C-Mn钢连续冷却组织转变的影响

研究Al预脱氧对Ce处理钢夹杂物和显微组织的影响,利用热力学计算、带能谱的扫描电镜和DIL805A热膨胀仪检测进行了对比研究。得到如下结论:Ce处理后钢中的主要夹杂物从MnS转变为Ce2O2S+MnS,Al脱氧能使Ce处理钢中夹杂物转变为CeAlO3+Ce2S3+MnS。Ce处理C-Mn钢连续冷却过程有利于获得晶内铁素体的冷速为2~8℃/s。Al脱氧能改变诱导晶内铁素体形核的核心夹杂物种类,诱导铁素体形核的能力降低,且Al能够使Ce处理钢连续冷却组织转变(CCT)曲线向左上方移动,促进铁素体在晶界形核,不利于Ce处理后晶内铁素体的形成。Al脱氧Ce处理C-Mn钢在冷速为2~5℃/s时,由于夹杂物核心成分的改变与Al合金化作用导致晶内铁素体含量较未用Al脱氧Ce处理钢少。     

Correlation Between Nonmetallic Inclusions and Localized Corrosion of a Low-Nickel Stainless Steel with Cerium Treatment

The localized corrosion induced by different kinds of inclusions in low-nickel stainless steel is studied through immersion tests and first-principles calculations. The galvanic corrosion between the steel matrix and different kinds of inclusions occurs in the corrosive environment due to the difference in the electron work function of the steel matrix and inclusions. The electron work function of MnS, CeS, and Ce-O-S is smaller than that of the steel matrix, thus, these inclusions first dissolve as the anode. However, the electron work function of cerium-containing oxides is bigger than that of the steel matrix, and the steel matrix dissolves prior to cerium-containing oxides. The order of the volume expansion rate of pits induced by inclusions is CeS > Si-Mn(-Al)-O > MnS > Ce-C-O-S > Ce-Si-Mn(-Al)-O > Ce-O-S. For cerium-containing inclusions, the electron work function of inclusions increases with the increase of the O/Ce ratio and the S/Ce ratio of inclusions. The order of the electron work function of cerium-containing inclusions is cerium oxides > cerium sulfides > cerium oxysulfide.     

Fabrication of Ce-doped(Gd_2Y)Al_5O_(12)/Y_3Al_5O_(12) composite-phase scintillation ceramic

In this paper, a novel Ce(Gd_2 Y)Al_5O_(12)/Ce:Y_3Al_5O_(12)(Ce:GYAG/Ce:YAG) composite scintillation ceramic was designed and fabricated by a solid-state reaction method. The phase, luminescence and scintillation properties were investigated. The Ce:GYAG/Ce:YAG composite ceramic consisting of two-phase has a broad emission band ranging from 500 to 750 nm. The total mass attenuation coefficient of Ce:GYAG/Ce:YAG is 0.3864 cm~(-1), in between those of Ce:YAG and Ce:GYAG ceramics. In addition, the composite ceramic had a high light yield of 20430 ph/MeV. By controlling the ratio of GYAG and YAG, the composite ceramic can realize a spectrum design and total mass attenuation coefficient control to meet the requirements for wide-X-ray-energy-range detectors.     

X-射线荧光光谱法测定炉渣中13种组分

采用Li2B4O7和LiNO3为熔剂,LiBr作脱膜剂,熔融法制备样品;运用干扰曲线法通过迭次校正Ba,Ti,V,Cr,Mn各元素谱线重叠干扰,理论α系数法校正基体效应,X-射线荧光光谱法(XRF)分析了复杂体系炉渣中Na2O,MgO,Al2O3,SiO2,P2O5,K2O,CaO,TiO2,V2O5,Cr2O3,MnO,TFe,BaO 13种组分。该方法与化学法测定结果符合较好,10次制样测量各组分,相对标准偏差在0.15%~3.79%范围内。