Neuropilin-1基因在CML骨髓基质细胞中的表达及其意义

目的　了解Neruophlin -1基因在慢性粒细胞白血病 (CML)骨髓基质细胞中的表达情况 .方法　收集 14例CML和 2 0例正常对照骨髓标本 ,分离单个核细胞 .进行体外长期培养 ,收集贴壁细胞 (骨髓基质细胞 ) .利用RT -PCR方法分析两组骨髓基质细胞中的cDNA ,了解Neuropilin -1基因表达情况 .结果　建立了CML和正常人骨髓基质细胞培养方法 ,CML骨髓基质细胞中的Neuropilin -1基因表达率 (50 % )明显低于正常对照 (85% ) (p <0 .0 5) .结论　参与调控骨髓基质细胞的Neuropilin -1基因可表达于大部分正常人和部分CML患者骨髓基质细胞中 ,Neuropilin -1基因在部分CML骨髓基质细胞中的表达缺失可能与其调节造血功能异常有关     

荧光原位杂交技术检测慢性粒细胞白血病微小残留病

目的 研究应用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)检测慢性粒细胞白血病微小残留病，及用FISH技术对缓解期慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)患者外周血进行检测，评价其体内微小残留病的意义。方法 应用CG和I-FI舛对30例CML(13例给予化疗、17例移植后)患者初发和／或缓解期的骨髓及外周血标本进行分析，分别检测Ph染色体和BCR/ABL融合基因的存在。结果 对13例临床给予化疗的患者初发期的外周血和骨髓进行CG分析，Ph检出率分别为15％(2／13)、100％(13／13)。同时进行I-FISH分析，均可检出BCR/ABL融合基因。对初发期骨髓的CG、I-FISH分析结果进行统计学分析，两组无显著差异；对外周血的CG、I-FISH分析结果进行统计学分析，两组有显著差异。对其缓解期骨髓CG、I-FISH分析结果进行统计学分析，两组有显著差异；对缓解期外周血CG、I-FISH结果进行统计学分析，两组有显著差异；对缓解期外周血I-FISH和骨髓I-FISH结果进行统计学分析，两组呈显著相关。对17例移植后患者CG、I-FISH结果进行统计学分析，两组有显著差异。结论 FISH技术检测慢性粒细胞白血病微小残留病敏感性大大高于常规细胞遗传学分析；采集缓解期外周血进行荧光原位杂交分析，可作为一种方便易行的手段评价微小残留病。     

25例慢性粒细胞白血病患者bcr/abl融合基因结果分析

目的探讨逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)在检测慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)bcr/abl融合基因方面的应用价值。方法对25例慢性粒细胞白血病患儿血标本提取细胞RNA,用RT—PCR方法检测bcr/abl融合基因。结果 25例慢性粒细胞白血病bcr/abl融合基因分析,阳性24例(96%);阴性1例(4%)。结论 RT—PCR检测bcr/abl融合基因敏感性好,稳定性高,对临床治疗和预后判断具有指导意义。     

hPer3 基因启动子甲基化检测在慢性粒细胞白血病急变监测中的临床意义

目的: 探讨慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)急变中 hPer3 (human period 3)基因启动子甲基化检测的临床意义以及诱导 hPer3 表达对CML细胞株K562的作用。方法: 应用甲基化特异性PCR(MS-PCR)和实时荧光定量PCR检测29例CML患者骨髓 hPer3 基因启动子甲基化状态和mRNA表达,以40例缺铁性贫血(IDA)患者骨髓作为对照。将pcDNA3.1- hPer3 表达质粒经脂质体介导转染CML细胞株K562,MTT法检测生长抑制率,Annexin V/PI染色法检测细胞凋亡。结果: IDA组、CML慢性期、CML加速期和CML急变期中, hPer3 启动子甲基化阳性率(例)分别为0%(0/40)、17.65%(3/17)、66.67%(4/6)和83.33%(5/6),CML急变期和加速期甲基化阳性率均高于CML慢性期,差异显著(χ²=8.44,P＜0.01;χ²=5.03,P＜0.05)。对照组和CML慢性期、CML加速期和CML急变期中, hPer3 mRNA表达分别为75.03±18.16和5.13±2.29、0.40±0.18、0.17±0.05,两两之间差异显著(P＜0.01)。与空载体转染组相比, hPer3 转染后各时点的细胞抑制率和凋亡率均升高(P＜0.01)。结论: CML中 hPer3 启动子高甲基化导致了基因表达沉默,可能作为CML急变的监测指标。 hPer3 的过表达能抑制CML细胞株增殖,并促进其凋亡。     

荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测解脲支原体感染的临床意义

目的　采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应 (FQ -PCR)技术 ,准确定量检测待检标本中解脲支原体 (UU)的感染状况。方法　采用FQ -PCR技术 ,检测男女生殖道标本 76 5份 ,并同时用常规PCR技术 ,对比检测了 85例。结果　FQ -PCR检测76 5份标本 ,UU -DNA阳性 2 79份 ,阳性率 36 .5 % ,其DNA平均拷贝数为 2 .4× 10 4。 38例阳性患者治疗两周内复查 ,转阴率仅为 4 4 .7% ,治疗 3w后复查 ,转阴率达 76 % (P <0 .0 0 5 )。常规PCR结果重复检测时 ,2 5例阳性中 2例变为阴性 ,而 6 0例阴性中 4例变为阳性。FQ -PCR结果重复时完全吻合。结论　FQ -PCR检测UU ,具有快速、特异性高、定量准确等优点 ,并可为临床评价疗效提供依据。     

实时定量RT—PCR技术检测白血病融合基因的临床应用价值

目的评估实时定量RT—PCR技术检测白血病融合基因在辅助白血病临床诊断和药物疗效判定方面的价值。方法56例慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）患者，其中男性31例，女性25例，中位年龄54（18～80）岁；9例急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）患者，其中男性4例，女性5例，中位年龄47（2～64）岁。另有22例非CML或APL患者（男性12例,女性10例，年龄6～55岁）。应用实时定量RT—PCR技术检测临床患者骨髓或外周血单个核细胞中白血病融合基因M—bcr／abl或PMIdRARα的表达，结合临床资料进行分析。结果①56例CML患者的M-bcr／abl融合基因检测阳性率为96．4％（54／56）；9例APL患者的PMIdRARa融合基因检测阳性率为77．8％（7／9）。②5例CML患者应用甲磺酸-伊马替尼治疗后定量检测M—bcr／abl融合基因的拷贝数较治疗前明显降低或转阴（4／5），伊马替尼治疗CML效果优于应用羟基脲和干扰素治疗的患者。结论实时定量RT—PCR技术操作简便，检测白血病融合基因的准确性高。在辅助临床诊断和白血病患者药物疗效判定方面都有较大的应用价值。     

宫颈癌与人乳头状瘤病毒16/18型的关系探讨

目的　应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应 (FQ -PCR)检测宫颈癌患者人乳头状瘤病毒 (HPV) 16 / 18型感染率 ,探讨HPV 16 / 18型与宫颈癌的关系。方法　应用荧光探针标记引物的荧光定量聚合酶链反应对 88例宫颈癌患者的宫颈分泌物进行了HPV 16 / 18型检测。结果　 88例宫颈癌患者宫颈分泌物FQ -PCR阳性率为 78% ,阳性样品定量对数平均值 (ml-1)为 5 .33× 10 6,定量测值范围 (ml-1)为 1.2 0× 10 3 ～ 2 .4 1× 10 7。对照组 85例全部阴性。结论人乳头状瘤病毒 (HPV) 16 / 18型感染与宫颈癌的发生发展关系密切。     

慢性粒细胞白血病和原发性骨髓纤维化患者bcr/abl融合基因表达及临床意义

目的探讨bcr/abl融合基因的表达水平在慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)和原发性骨髓纤维化(MF)患者的诊断、疗效及预后观察中的意义.方法采用荧光定量逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,对18例初、复治CML、7例MF患者的骨髓或外周血单个核细胞进行了bcr/abl融合基因检测,并对其中2例行异基因骨髓移植(allo-BMT)患者进行了短期随防.结果 13例慢性期(CP)CML,12例不同程度表达bcr/abl融合基因,占92.3%,3例加速期(AP),急变期(BC)CML,2例表达bcr/abl融合基因,占66.7%,2例患者allo-BMT后一年内未检出 bcr/abl融合基因,三者之间有非常显著差异P＜0.01;8例初诊患者WBC数及bcr/abl融合基因表达水平明显高于常规治疗组;7例MF患者有1例表达bcr/abl基因.结论 bcr/abl基因是CML发病的分子基础,定量检测bcr/abl融合基因对于CML的诊断、临床分型、疗效观察及预后判断有重要意义;MF患者可能与CML关系密切,对MF患者应进行跟踪观察.     

α-2b干扰素联合低剂量阿糖胞苷治疗慢性粒细胞白血病

α- 2 b干扰素 ( IFNα- 2 b)与低剂量阿糖胞苷 ( L D Ara- C)联合应用具有相加作用 ,可以减少或消除 Ph染色体阳性细胞和 bcr/ abl融合基因 ,显著提高慢性粒细胞白血病 ( CML)患者的血液学和细胞遗传学缓解率 ,延长 CML 患者的生存期 ,被认为是目前治疗 CML 最有前途的方案之一     

荧光定量PCR技术检测乳腺癌CK19 mRNA表达过量的临床应用

目的 :探讨荧光定量PCR(FQ -PCR)检测细胞角蛋白 19(CK - 19)在乳腺癌诊断中的应用。方法 :采用FQ -PCR法 ,并以磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶 (GAPDH)为内对照测定 30例健康女性体检者、30例良性乳腺疾病患者和 76例乳腺癌患者的外周血中CK19mRNA的表达量。结果 :正常对照组和良性乳腺疾病组CK19和CK19/GAPDH无显著性差异 ,乳腺癌组均显著高于前 2组 ,GAPDH在 3组间均无显著性差异。若以CK19基因表达量和CK19/GAPDH高于正常对照组 x± 2s为阳性 ,76例乳腺癌患者的阳性数为 4 1,阳性率 5 3 9% ,良性乳腺疾病组阳性数为 0。 76例乳腺癌中 2 7例患者从手术前到第 3次检测 ,CK19/GAPDH均显下降趋势 ,但第 1次和第 2次与手术前比较 ,无显著性差异 ,而第 3次与手术前比较 ,CK19/GAPDH均显著低于手术前 ,存在显著性差异。结论 :FQ -PCR技术是高度灵敏、高度特异的快速定量检测CK19基因的方法 ,可有效监测乳腺癌的诊断、治疗和预后。     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Uteroglobin in the developing rabbit conceptus in vivo and in vitro

Summary Uteroglobin (UGL) was measured in day- 4 to day-10 rabbit conceptuses by a competitive ELISA. Levels in blastocyst fluid, tissues, coverings and in the early fetus were determined separately. The total amount of UGL increased from 18.4 ng to 6.8 g per conceptus. The UGL content of individual day-6 blastocysts was studied in vitro. Culturing was carried out up to 60 h in Ham's F10 medium with polyvinylpyrrolidone as macromolecular component, with and without progesterone, and with progesterone plus estradiol. UGL was determined in the blastocyst fluids, tissues with coverings and in the culture media. After labelling with [³⁵S]-methionine, protein patterns of total blastocysts and of culture media were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The morphology of cultured blastocysts was examined by electron microscopy. During 60 h of culture, the blastocysts expanded in diameter by 84%, and released 19% of their initial UGL content into the medium, independent of the hormonal substitution. Neither de novo synthesis, nor degradation of UGL was found: the protein remained unlabelled in fluorography, and its total quantity was not significantly different from that of non-cultured controls. Trophoblast, endoderm and embryoblast cells showed well preserved cell organelles and intercellular junctions, while the morphological differentiation of the germ layer was inhibited.