1668年郯城8．5级地震断裂的全新世滑动速率、古地震和强震复发周期

本文根据野外考察、实测和开挖资料，研究了１６６８年郯城８．５级地震断裂的水平和垂直位移及古地震标志和证据、全新世位移分布和滑动速率、古地震遗迹、古地震期次、强震复发周期以及地震破裂模式。研究结果表明，沿１６６８年郯城８．５级地震断裂上的全新世位移分布与１６６８年郯城地震破裂位移分布具有良好的同步性和分级特征。破裂位移和滑动速率在空间上是变化的，水平滑动速率在１．７～２．８毫米／年范围内变化，垂直位移速率在０．２～０．５毫米／年范围内波动，水平位移量与垂直位移量比为６～８倍。沿郯城地震断裂全新世发生了４次强震事件，８级大震具有准周期重复特征，郯城地震断裂上发生的地震拟合了特征地震模式。本文归纳总结出来的鉴别断裂水平和垂直位移及古地震事件的标志和准则，对活断层和古地震的深入研究有一定的借鉴意义。     

1668年郯城8.5级地震断裂的全新世滑动速率,古地震和强震复发周期

本文根据野外察、实例和开挖资料，研究了１６６８年郯城８．５级地震断裂的水年和垂直位移及地震标志和证据、全新世位移分布和滑动速率、古地震遗迹、古地震期次、强震复发周期以及地震破裂模式。     

1668年郯城8.5级地震断裂的全新世滑动速率、古地震和强震复发周期

本文根据野外考察，实测和开挖资料研究了１６６８年郯城８ １／２级地震断裂上的全新世位移分布，滑动速率，古地震遗迹，古地震期次和强震复发周期以及地震破裂模式。     

玉树断裂活动性研究

通过实地考察和室内工作，对玉树断裂的活动性进行了分段研究。该断裂划分为３段：（１）西北段全新世以来活动强烈，以水平左旋活动为主，水平滑动速率达７．３ｍｍ／ａ，沿断裂带展布大量的古地震事件遗迹；（２）中段第四纪以来的主体活动时段在晚更新世以前，以正断层活动为主；（３）东南段全新世以来活动强烈，以水平左旋活动为主，水平滑动速率约５ｍｍ／ａ，沿断裂带分布有大量的古地震事件遗迹，历史上记载的最大地震为１８９６年的邓柯７．０级地震     

二台活动断裂南段古地震研究及断裂向南扩展问题

二台活动断裂南段全新世期间曾发生过２～３次古地震事件。古地震遗迹具有北多南少，北老南新的现象，与该活动断裂带北老南新的特征一致，显示二台活动断裂的破裂过程有向南扩展的规律     

渭河断陷南缘断裂带新活动特征与古地震

渭河断陷南缘断裂带东起潼关,西至宝鸡,全长310公里,它的主边界断裂包括有华山山前断裂、秦岭北缘断裂。本文根据近年1∶5万活动断裂地质填图最新详细资料研究了断裂的活动历史、分段性及其构造活动特征。华山山前断裂晚第四纪以来具有明显的新活动,沿断裂带及其两侧分布有最新断层崖、基岩裂缝、黄土裂缝、山体崩(滑)塌体等众多的地震形变和破坏遗迹,华山山前断裂应是1556年华县8级大地震的发震断层。据华山山前断裂古地震剖面分析大地震重复间隔约2000—2500年,秦岭北缘断裂同样存在有基岩崩(滑)塌、裂缝、断层崖等古地震形变遗迹,由古地震剖面分析其大地震重复间隔约为2000—4000年之间。     

河西走廊西端酒西盆地古地震研究进展

酒西盆地位于祁连山北缘、河西走廊西端,是一个被活动断裂围限的新生代压陷性盆地,盆地周缘及内部发育多条活动断裂.通过对前人古地震资料的总结分析和野外补充调查,发现酒西盆地断裂古地震大多符合特征地震模式,复发周期约为3～5 ka,根据经验公式推断,每次地震的震级约为6.8～7.2级.从区域古地震角度看,酒西盆地地震的发生具...     

内蒙古色尔腾山山前断裂带乌加河段古地震活动

通过对色尔腾山山前断裂带乌加河段断层地貌研究，并结合前人对断裂带断裂活动性的工作，分析得到乌加河活动断裂段晚更新世晚期(距今1.445～2.234万年)以来平均垂直位移速率是0.48～0.75 mm/a，全新世早中期以来(距今5 570～8 830年)平均垂直位移速率是0.56～ 0.88 mm/a．利用5个探槽中揭露的古地震现象，结合前人对该断裂带古地震的研究结果，分析确定出2.7万年以来，色尔腾山山前断裂乌加河段共揭露出5次古地震事件，重复间隔约为4 300～4 400年．距今8 000～9 000年之间可能为一个古地震丛，而距今1～2万年之间可能遗漏了两次古地震事件．对比断层陡坎的高度与探槽中揭示出古地震事件的位移和，以及由断层平均位移速率和一次事件的位移得到古地震的重复间隔，得到阿拉盖兔探槽中缺失了3次古地震事件，整个活动断裂段上可能缺失了两次古地震事件．      

渭河断裂中段最新活动的几个证据

根据渭河断裂中段两侧渭河一二级阶地的高差对比,研究了近20000多年来,特别是近6000多年来渭河断裂中段的活动性,并粗略估算了断裂活动的位移幅度和位移速率。又根据断裂附近探槽揭示的古地震遗迹及历史地震、现代地震沿断裂的分布,认为渭河大断裂为近期活动较强烈的发震断裂。     

天山全新世活动断裂及古地震研究

横亘亚洲腹地的天山山脉近代构造活动十分强烈。规模较大的全新世活动断裂有２０多条，多为近东西走向的倾滑型逆断裂，常与活动褶皱相伴生。活动褶皱为无根的断裂扩展褶皱和滑脱褶皱，它的生长是受地下活动的盲断裂所控制，往往是褶皱地震潜在的地区。天山古地震活动遗迹很多，归纳其标志有：多重断层陡坎、古断塞塘、崩积楔、填充楔、推覆楔、地震断错台地和断裂扩展褶皱等。近几年对１０条全新世活动断裂进行开挖研究，已取得大地     

正谊关断裂带的新活动与古地震研究

正谊关断裂横贯贺兰山北部山区,为一长期活动的区域性大断裂带。本文根据大比例尺航卫片解译,野外实际调查资料和~(14)C年代数据,讨论了该断裂带的平面展布、第四纪以来断裂的运动方式,活动强度、最新活动时代及古地震等问题。该断裂带的正谊关断层段新活动强烈,第四纪以来呈明显的左旋走滑活动。断错地貌显示,其最大一组水平错距为1800—2000米,最小一组错距为10—20米。在毛呼都格音沟及葡萄泉子沟发现两处古地震遗迹,估计该两次古地震事件发生在距今约6000年左右。     

新疆独山子山前活断层和活褶皱及古地震研究

本文初步研究了新疆独山子山前活断层、活褶皱构造。这些表层构造有着不同性质的地表变形,是多次古地震活动的反映。文中将这些古地震遗迹分为四期,并计算了该断层带的地震复发周期和平均位移速率。     

韩城断裂北东段晚更新世以来最新活动研究

韩城断裂是汾渭断陷带临汾盆地WS边界的一条控制性断裂,据最新的野外调查研究结果将该断裂分为3段,其中NE段活动性最强,形成的构造地貌也最为显著。本文在野外地质地貌调查的基础上,在NE段选取4个地点进行了探槽开挖和年代样品测试,并对揭示的古地震事件进行了分析探讨,综合各个探槽及典型地质剖面古地震事件分析结果认为,韩城断裂NE段最新的活动时代为距今6~8ka。     

新疆且末县吐孜敦古地震形变带及其年代问题

新疆且末县拟在吐拉乡阿尔金活动断裂带上修建水库。水库近场区内沿阿尔金活动断裂存在一条古地震破裂形变带。为了对水库进行安全性评价 ,采用地貌风化剥蚀法确定了古地震形变带的形成年代。该次古地震事件的发生时间大约距今 4 0 0年前     

STUDY ON PALEOEARTHQUAKES ALONG THE JINGHE SECTION OF BOLOKENU-AQIKEKUDUKE FAULT

The Bolokenu-Aqikekuduk fault zone(B-A Fault)is a 1 000km long right-lateral strike-slip active fault in the Tianshan Mountains. Its late Quaternary activity characteristics are helpful to understand the role of active strike-slip faults in regional compressional strain distribution and orogenic processes in the continental compression environment, as well as seismic hazard assessment. In this paper, research on the paleoearthquakes is carried out by remote sensing image interpretation, field investigation, trench excavation and Quaternary dating in the Jinghe section of B-A Fault. In this paper, two trenches were excavated on in the pluvial fans of Fan2b in the bulge and Fan3a in the fault scarp. The markers such as different strata, cracks and colluvial wedges in the trenches are identified and the age of sedimentation is determined by means of OSL dating for different strata. Four most recent paleoearthquakes on the B-A Fault are revealed in trench TC1 and three most recent paleoearthquakes are revealed in trench TC2. Only the latest event was constrained by the OSL age among the three events revealed in the trench TC2. Therefore, when establishing the recurrence of the paleoearthquakes, we mainly rely on the paleoearthquake events in trench TC1, which are labeled E1-E4 from oldest to youngest, and their dates are constrained to the following time ranges: E1(19.4±2.5)~(19.0±2.5)ka BP, E2(18.6±1.4)~(17.3±1.4)ka BP, E3(12.2±1.2)~(6.6±0.8)ka BP, and E4 6.9~6.2ka BP, respectively. The earthquake recurrence intervals are(1.2±0.5)ka, (8.7±3.0)ka and(2.8±3)ka, respectively. According to the sedimentation rate of the stratum, it can be judged that there is a sedimentary discontinuity between the paleoearthquakes E2 and E3, and the paleoearthquake events between E2 and E3 may not be recorded by the stratum. Ignoring the sedimentary discontinuous strata and the earthquakes occurring during the sedimentary discontinuity, the earthquake recurrence interval of the Jinghe section of B-A Fault is ~1~3ka. This is consistent with the earthquake recurrence interval(~2ka)calculated from the slip rate and the minimum displacement. The elapsed time of the latest paleoearthquake recorded in the trench is ~6.9~6.2ka BP. The magnitude of the latest event defined by the single event displacement on the fault is ~M_W7.4, and a longer earthquake elapsed time indicates the higher seismic risk of the B-A Fault.     

用地震断层陡坎的形态方程确定古地震事件的年代

通过对地震断层陡坎演为过程的分析，应用均匀物质扩散理论建立地震断层陡坎的形态方程，推断古地震断层陡坎的年龄，从而确定古地震事件的期次及年代。用该方法对二台活断层古地震断层陡坎进行计算，所得结果与用其它方法确定的古地震事件的期次及年代对应较好。     

断层滑动速率,地震重复时间和平均应力降

本文综述了国内外大地震复发间隔研究的现状，系统整理了中国大陆活断层滑运速率，已发现的古地震遗迹及古地震复发间隔，结果表明，在滑动速率较在的活断层发现的古地震复发间隔较短，Ｋａｎａｍｏｒｉ和Ａｌｌｅ（１９８５）研究了具有大范围重复时间（２０年到几千年）的板内大地震的震源参数，发现复发间隔较长的大地震具有较高的平均应力降，我们在实验室内研究了应变速率不同时固体围压三轴压缩下完整花岗岩破裂后的粘滑现象。     

新疆库尔勒活动断裂和断层破裂段探讨

新疆南疆重镇库尔勒市及附近地区，至少分布着９条颇具规模的活动断裂。尤其斜切库尔勒市区北部的库尔勒断裂，新活动十分强烈。库尔勒断裂东段与兴地断裂西段很可能是连通的一条地震破裂段，两者均存在着丰富的多期次古地震事件的遗迹，为较稳定的断层“破裂单元”。该破裂段上现代地震活动异常平静，但发现了明显的蠕滑错开形迹。这种地震的发生与断层滑动不协调现象，说明断层运动受到了抑制，能量在某处得以积累，有酿成大震的条件和危险。     

PALEOEARTHQUAKES ALONG PUXIONG FAULT OF DALIANGSHAN FAULT ZONE DURING LATE QUATERNARY

Daliangshan fault zone (DFZ) constitutes an indispensable part of Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system which is one of the main large continental strong earthquake faults in China.Puxiong Fault,the east branch of middle segment of DFZ,is the longest secondary fault.Its paleoseismic activity plays an important role in evaluating regional seismic activity level and building countermeasures of preventing and reducing the earthquake damage.The active fault mapping as well as the study of paleoseismological trench in recent years illustrates that Puxiong Fault is a slightly west-dipping high-angle left-lateral strike-slip fault with strong activity since late Pleistocene.Two trenches excavated across this fault reveal 2 and 3 paleoearthquakes that ruptured the fault at 8206 BC-1172 AD,1084-1549 AD,and 17434-7557 BC,1577-959 BC and 927-1360 AD,respectively.The OxCal model combining the results from both trenches and the another one in previous study across the fault with the historical earthquake record yields the elapsed time of~0.7ka of the latest paleoearthquake event,and the interval time is~2.3ka between the last two events.In the model,the penultimate event is considered to be recorded in all trenches.As all the three trenches are located at north part of the Puxiong Fault whose strike is apparently different from the south part,the~57km long north secondary segment is supposed to be the seismogenic structure of the paleoearthquake.According to the empirical scaling laws between magnitude and rupture length,the magnitude of the surface ruptured paleoearthquake is estimated to be more than M7 with the coseismic displacement~3.5m.However,the difference between the time of the paleoearthquake events on the middle and south segments of DFZ illustrates their independence as earthquake fracture units,and furthermore,the lower connectivity and the new generation of DFZ.     

Marine Active Fault Exploration and Paleoearthquake Research

Marine active fault exploration and Paleoearthquake research are still a gap in China.The paper gives a review on major research methods and new progress made abroad,including submarine survey boat.seismic reflection and acoustic reflection.Through detailed studies of offset history of 10 ka to 30ka,it is possible to determine paleoearthquake recurrent intervals and elapsed time since last major earthquake.It is suggested that active fault exploration can be carried out by acoustic exploring method in large earthquake region of Bohai Sea.Paleoearthquake activity history can be revealed and earthquake risk in the future can be predicted.