低分子肝素钙联合气压预防髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成45例

目的观察低分子肝素钙联合气压治疗预防髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的疗效。方法选择2009年1月至2012年9月收治的行髋关节置换术患者90例,按入院顺序分为两组。对照组45例患者只采取基础预防手段,治疗组45例患者使用低分子肝素钙联合气压治疗。观察两组预防效果及治疗过程中的不良反应。结果两组患者术中出血量及术后伤口出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组患者没有发生肺动脉栓塞等不良反应;对照组患者中有8例发生DVT,发生率为17.78%,治疗组患者中1例发生DVT,发生率为2.22%,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论应用低分子肝素钙注射液联合气压预防髋关节置换术后DVT具有良好的效果,值得临床推广。     

低分子肝素钙注射液预防下肢静脉血栓的观察与护理

目的探讨低分子肝素钙注射液预防下肢静脉血栓的观察与护理。方法骨科下肢手术患者120例随机分为试验组和对照组各60例,对照组常规给予护理干预,试验组在此基础上注射低分子肝素钙注射液,疗程10d。结果试验组发生DVT 2例(3.3%),对照组发生DVT15例(25.0%),差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);试验组术后第一天、第三天患肢肿胀程度减轻情况明显优于对照组(P<0.05或0.01);两组均未发现药物不良反应事件。结论低分子肝素钙抗血栓作用明显,对凝血机制无影响,安全性好,预防术后DVT疗效确切。     

足底静脉泵联合低分子肝素预防脑卒中下肢深静脉血栓的效果分析

目的：探讨足底静脉泵联合低分子肝素预防脑卒中下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的效果。方法：选择2021年4月—2022年6月接收的脑卒中患者82例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组41例。对照组给予常规下肢DVT预防管理+低分子肝素治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予足底静脉泵治疗。观察两组的血液黏度指标及下肢周径差变化,比较两组的下肢DVT发生情况。结果：足底静脉泵联合低分子肝素预防干预后,观察组的各项血液黏度指标、大腿和小腿周径差及下肢DVT发生率均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：对脑卒中患者在常规下肢DVT预防管理同时给予足底静脉泵联合低分子肝素预防治疗,能够有效降低血液黏度,减少下肢周径差,预防下肢DVT发生。     

中西医结合疗法预防妇科术后下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的 分析探讨中西医结合疗法对妇科手术后下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的预防作用.方法 126例妇科手术患者随机分为对照组(n=63)和预防组(n=63),对照组用低分子肝素钙皮下注射预防DVT,预防组予以低分子肝素钙皮下注射+通脉饮口服+丹参注射液静脉滴注,对比两组DVT发生情况.结果 对照组术后DVT 5例(占7.9%),预防组无术后DVT,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 中西医结合疗法预防妇科手术后DVT形成效果显著,且无明显不良反应,值得临床推广使用.     

低分子肝素钙预防腹腔镜术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的护理观察与配合

目的：分析腹腔镜手术术后患者应用低分子肝素钙预防下肢深静脉血栓形成的护理以及配合。方法腹腔镜手术患者320例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各160例。观察组在术前1 h进行皮下注射低分子肝素钙(5000μg)同时进行护理观察和护理措施配合,再进行手术治疗。对照组不注射低分子肝素钙,常规进行手术。对比两组患者下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)发生率、术中总出血量、手术时间以及血小板(PLT)变化情况。结果观察组DVT发生率明显低于对照组且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组在术中总出血量、手术时间以及PLT变化情况对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在腹腔镜手术术前进行护理观察和护理措施配合应用低分子肝素钙能够有效预防DVT发生,值得临床推广应用。     

低分子肝素联合康复训练预防脑卒中后下肢深静脉血栓形成的研究

目的探讨低分子肝素联合康复训练预防脑卒中后下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的临床效果。方法将32例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机均分成对照组(16例)和治疗组(16例),对照组给予拜阿司匹林治疗,同时进行常规护理,治疗组给予低分子肝素治疗,同时进行康复训练。两组患者连续2个月接受治疗,比较DVT发生率、下肢临床症状及D-二聚体,P-选择素水平。结果对照组DVT发生率43.8%,治疗组为6.3%,两组DVT发生率有显著差异(P<0.05);对照组组疼痛、肿胀及皮肤颜色改变的发生率显著高于治疗组(P<0.05);对照组D-二聚体,P-选择素水显著高于治疗组(P<0.05)。结论低分子肝素联合康复训练可有效预防脑卒中后下肢深静脉血栓。     

低分子肝素钙联合长筒靴型气压治疗仪预防ICU 患者 DVT 的临床效果

目的：探讨低分子肝素钙联合长筒靴型气压治疗仪的间歇充气加压治疗作用预防ICU患者下肢深静脉血栓形成（ DVT）的临床效果。方法选取136例ICU患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组68例,观察组采用低分子肝素钙联合长筒靴型气压治疗仪预防DVT,对照组采用常规方法预防DVT,以7 d为观察期,比较2组患者观察期内DVT的发生率、双侧大腿周径、双侧下肢深静脉血液流速。结果在观察期内观察组发生下肢深静脉血栓4例,对照组发生16例,2组比较差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0}．05）;2组患者治疗前后双侧大腿周径比较,观察组治疗前后差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）,对照组治疗前后差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）,治疗后观察组和对照组双侧大腿周径比较差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）;2组患者治疗前后下肢深静脉血流速度比较,观察组治疗前后差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）,对照组治疗前后差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）,治疗后2组比较差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。结论低分子肝素钙联合长筒靴型气压治疗仪预防ICU患者DVT的效果显著。     

低分子肝素预防术后下肢深静脉血栓形成43例

目的探讨低分子肝素预防术后下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的效果。方法选择2011年5月至2012年5月期间收治的外科术后住院患者86例,按照入院顺序随机分成对照组和治疗组,各43例。对照组实行常规治疗及护理,未预防性使用任何药物;治疗组在此基础上给予低分子肝素预防性治疗,并进行具有针对性的综合护理。比较两组术后术后下肢深静脉血栓的发生率。结果术后下肢深静脉血栓治疗组发生1例(2.32%)明显低于对照组发生7例(16.28%)(χ2=4.962,P<0.05)。结论应用低分子肝素并给予患者针对性的综合护理,能够有效预防术后下肢深静脉血栓形成,提高其生活质量。     

低分子肝素预防老年人股骨转子间骨折手术后深静脉血栓形成

目的 探讨老年人股骨转子间骨折围手术期下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的发生率及应用低分子肝素顶防DVT的有效性和安全性.方法 对2005年7月至2011年5月收治的65岁以上的179例股骨转子间骨折患者进行对照研究,完全随机分成2组,观察组106例患者腹壁皮下注射低分子肝素进行抗凝预防,对照组73例不采用任何预防方法.对比2组失血量及术后下肢DVT发生率的情况.结果 观察组与对照组失血量差异无统计学意义[观察组:(565±155)ml;对照组:(560±170)ml,P＞0.05].2组患者术后下肢DVT发生率差异有统计学意义[观察组:12.3％ (13/106);对照组:32.9％( 24/60),P＜0.05].结论 低分子肝素可以有效预防老年人股骨转子间骨折术后DVT的发生,同时对于已发生的DVT有良好的治疗效果.     

中西医结合治疗骨科术后下肢深静脉血栓形成22例疗效观察

目的探讨疏血通注射液联合低分子肝素治疗骨科术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的临床疗效。方法将42例骨科术后发生DVT患者随机分为观察组22例和对照组20例,对照组给予皮下注射低分子肝素;观察组在对照组基础上加用疏血通注射液,比较两组疗效。结果治疗后观察组患肢周经缩小明显大于对照组(P<0.05);观察组总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论疏血通注射液联合低分子肝素治疗DVT疗效显著且安全可靠,优于单纯低分子肝素治疗。     

Therapy with macrolides in patients with cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis affects 1/2500 individuals and is the most common lethal autosomal recessive disease in people of northern European descent. It is characterized by chronic infections with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa and progressive deterioration of respiratory function. Much research has focused on the inflammatory component of the disease. Macrolide antibiotics are postulated to suppress inflammatory mediators and interfere with biofilm formation produced by P. aeruginosa. In vitro studies show promising results, and a limited number of human studies reported improvements in respiratory function with the drugs. Macrolide antibiotics are generally safe and well tolerated and may prove to be effective in patients with cystic fibrosis.     

Oxazepam pharmacokinetics in patients with epilepsy treated long-term with phenytoin alone or in combination with phenobarbitone

The pharmacokinetics and serum protein binding of oxazepam, a drug mainly eliminated by a single step glucuronidation reaction, were studied in nine epileptic patients treated long-term with phenytoin or phenytoin with phenobarbitone, and in nine healthy control subjects. Oxazepam elimination half-life was shorter and apparent oral clearance higher in treated patients than in age and sex matched control subjects. Serum bilirubin concentration was lower in treated patients. There was no significant correlation between serum bilirubin concentrations and oxazepam elimination. Serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration was higher in the treated patients than in the control group. Oxazepam was more than 93% bound to serum proteins, but the extent of binding was not significantly different between the two groups. These results show that oxazepam glucuronyl transferase activity is increased by treatment with phenytoin alone or in combination with phenobarbitone in epileptic patients.     

Tenoxicam compared with diclofenac in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

A randomized study was performed on 24 patients with ankylosing spondylitis to compare the efficacy and tolerability of 20 mg tenoxicam daily with 50 mg diclofenac twice daily. There were 6 withdrawals from the group taking tenoxicam and 4 from the diclofenac group. Depression in 1 patient taking tenoxicam was the only significant adverse event. Both drugs were otherwise well tolerated. Tenoxicam and diclofenac were rated as good or excellent by 27% and 55% of patients, respectively. Global assessment, pain and duration of morning stiffness were improved with both drugs but this improvement was not statistically significant and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. This study confirms that tenoxicam is effective and well tolerated but larger numbers would be required to detect a small difference between groups.     

Controlled-release naproxen compared with isoxicam in patients with osteoarthritis

The therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of a new controlled-release 1000 mg tablet of naproxen (naproxen CR) were compared with 200 mg isoxicam in 100 out-patients with osteoarthritis. Medications were administered once daily for 4 weeks in a controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial. Patients were assessed for duration of stiffness, global pain, pain in the worst affected joint, night pain, pain on full passive movement, and pain on selected activity. No statistically significant differences were found between naproxen CR and isoxicam for any of the efficacy variables. Only 3 patients (2 with naproxen CR, 1 with isoxicam) reported adverse events, all mild to moderate; no patient withdrew from the study. At the conclusion of the study, patients and physician evaluated therapeutic response independently; both drugs provided steady improvement as judged by patients and physician. Both physician and patients evaluated naproxen CR as very good or good for 36 (72%) patients, and isoxicam as good or very good for 35 (73%) patients. Naproxen CR and isoxicam proved equally effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of osteoarthritis in this study.     

Satisfaction with information and its relationship with adherence in patients with chronic pain

□ Due to the nature of chronic pain it would be expected that patients are highly adherent to their pain medication. However, results from this study have shown that 23 per cent of patients often or always avoid using their pain medication, 13.4 per cent often or always alter dosages, and 10.3 per cent often or always stop taking their medication for a while. This suggests intentional non‐adherence to pain medication □ Less than 50 per cent of respondents were satisfied with information provided on side effects, what to do if side effects occur, and possible interactions with other medication □ Patients' satisfaction with information about their medication was related to self‐reported adherence; greater satisfaction was associated with higher self‐reported adherence     

川崎病的静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗

川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)的病因目前尚未完全明了,尽管许多证据表明其发病可能与感染有关,但是尚未被证实.     

Genomic profiling associated with recurrence in patients with rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation

PURPOSE: Stage II and III adenocarcinoma of the rectum has an overall 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%, and tumor recurrence remains a major problem despite an improvement in local control through chemotherapy and radiation. The efficacy of chemoradiation therapy may be significantly compromised as a result of interindividual variations in clinical response and host toxicity. Therefore, it is imperative to identify those patients who will benefit from chemoradiation therapy and those who will develop recurrent disease. In this study, we tested whether a specific pattern of 21 polymorphisms in 18 genes involved in the critical pathways of cancer progression (i.e., drug metabolism, tumor microenvironment, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair) will predict the risk of tumor recurrence in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 90 patients with Stage II or III rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques for 21 polymorphisms. RESULTS: A polymorphism in interleukin (IL)-8 was individually associated with risk of recurrence. Classification and regression tree analysis of all polymorphisms and clinical variables developed a risk tree including the following variables: node status, IL-8, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, transforming growth factor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4. CONCLUSION: Genomic profiling may help to identify patients who are at high risk for developing tumor recurrence, and those who are more likely to benefit from chemoradiation therapy. A larger prospective study is needed to validate these preliminary data using germline polymorphisms on tumor recurrences in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation.