我国核电标准体系存在的问题及可能的解决方案

核电自主化、国产化、产业化的发展形势要求我国核电行业标准化建设与之相适应,并成为推动我国核电产业自主化、国产化的重要技术支撑.但目前我国还没有权威、统一、协调、与我国工业体系和技术基础相适应的标准体系.尽快建立健全我国的核电标准体系已经成为业界的共识.本文就我国核电标准体系存在的诸多问题及可能的解决方案进行了讨论.提出我国核电标准体系框架建立可以参照电力行业标准体系的结构;根据我国批量建造核电站的需求,按照堆型建立压水堆核电厂设计建造标准体系;我国核安全法规导则与核电技术标准应有效衔接等的设想,并对填补国内核电标准的空白领域提出了建议.     

我国核电标准体系存在的问题及可能的解决方案

核电自主化、国产化、产业化的发展形势要求我国核电行业标准化建设与之相适应,并成为推动我国核电产业自主化、国产化的重要技术支撑.但目前我国还没有权威、统一、协调、与我国工业体系和技术基础相适应的标准体系.尽快建立健全我国的核电标准体系已经成为业界的共识.本文提出我国核电标准体系框架建立可以参照电力行业标准体系的结构;根据我国批量建造核电站的需求,按照堆型建立压水堆核电厂设计建造标准体系;我国核安全法规导则与核电技术标准应有效衔接等的设想,并对填补国内核电标准的空白领域提出了建议.     

RCC-M 2007版的改进及对我国相关标准的影响

我国已建和在建的多座核电站采用的都是从法国引进的核电技术,这些工程所采用的设计和建造规范基本是法国的RCC系列标准.因此,RCC系列标准,尤其是RCC-M对我国核电行业将会有着长远而重要的影响.文章介绍了RCC-M最新版2007版的改进内容,并对这些改进进行了评述；同时对正在升版的我国国家标准GB/T 16702提出了升版建议.     

RCC中国专业用户组在京成立

<正>2015年3月11~12日,RCC中国专业用户组成立大会在京顺利召开。来自法国核岛设备设计和建造规则协会(AFCEN)、中国核工业集团公司、中广核集团公司、中国电力投资集团公司、国家核电技术公司、环保部核与辐射安全中心、科技部ITER中心等20多家单位的近200位领导和专家参加了本次会议。RCC中国专业用户组(CSUG)是AFCEN与中国核电业界共同组建的为促进对RCC系列标准理解和应用和成立的专家工作组。受AFCEN委托,中国核工业集团公司负责RCC-M(设计)、RCC-C、RCC-I(ETC     

将法国RCC-C转化为我国标准的必要性和可行性分析

RCC—C压水堆核电厂燃料组件设计和建造规则,是法国核电六项设计和建造规则之一。本文主要论述将RCC—C转化为我国相应标准的必要性和可行性。 1 转化的必要性 由法国核岛设备设计和建造规程协会(AFCEN)的RCC编辑委员会RCC—C分编辑委员会编写的RCC—C,既讲燃料组件(包括燃料棒和骨架,骨架由上管座、下管座、导向管、仪表管和定位格架组装而成),又讲相关组件(包括控制捧组件、可燃毒物组件、一次中子源组件、二次中子源组件和阻流塞组件);既包括原材料和零部件的特性要求,又包括制造、检验和质量保证,既阐述了设计内容,又阐述了安全要求的比较全面的核燃料标准,而且,六个RCC标准之间联系接口处理得当,使之     

我国核安全法规标准体系探讨

文章介绍了我国核安全法规标准体系的地位、作用和现状以及我国核电厂设计法规标准的采用原则。探讨了我国采用的核安全法规标准开发海外核电市场的适用性,及对我国核安全法规标准体系进一步完善的建议。     

加快核电建造标准建设促进核电自主化进程

我国核电和核装置建设中,大多使用国外标准和少量企业标准,还没有形成系列的行业标准和国家标准.本文通过介绍我国核电建设中建造标准的使用情况,以及我国核电建造标准的现状,提出加快我国核电建造标准建设的必要性和标准建设的途径与方法.     

对我国核电标准体系总体设计的几点看法

根据我国压水堆核电厂标准体系建设规划的要求,经比较分析对兼容美国和法国相关标准来形成我国核岛机械系统和设备的设计和建造标准的途径提出了看法,提出了解决材料问题的建议,并呼吁编制我国的核电用户要求文件。     

GB/T 17569--1998《压水堆核电厂物项分级》介绍

１９９８年由国家质量技术监督局发布的GB／T１７５６９—１９９８《压水堆核电厂物项分级》是我国核电标准体系中一项重要的基础标准，该标准是根据我国核电厂的标准化工作经验以及核电厂设计和安全审评的经验编写的。标准参考了HAD１０２／０３《用于沸水堆、压水堆和压力管式反应堆的安全功能和部件分级》、HAF·J００６６《压水堆核电厂物项分级的技术见解》和EJ／T３１３—１９８８《压水堆核电厂系统部件安全等级的划分》等核安全法规和标准，并考虑了与美国和法国的物项分级要求保持协调。标准全面给出了核电厂物项分级的种类…     

尽快建立中国的核电标准体系

我国的核电发展已经起步，而且有了很好的开端。秦山一期和大亚湾核电站两种建设模式，相继投入商业运行，取得了很好的经济效益和社会效益，积累了核电厂设计、建造和运行的经验，更重要的是证明了中国有能力搞核电。“九五”期间我国又将有4座核电站相继建造。为了适应下世纪初我国核电的发展，必须基于核电厂“自主设计、自产设备、自己建造、自主营运”。只有实现了核电建设的自主化和国产化才能降低核电成本，提高核电在电力市场上的竞争能力，才能保 证我国核电有一个适度的发展。要使核电国产化，核电标准体系的建立是前提。标准是基…     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.