泛系思维与应用：科学技术,方法论,创新与智能信息处理（Ⅱ）（下）

本文续前期论述泛系思维的框架和方法论、创新运筹与智能信息处理问题,简化强化地介绍了几十种泛系理法及其应用,具体内容包括：泛系思维简式、泛系原则、泛系螺旋、显生原则、系统原则,广义系统、局整关系、分析与综合、整体性、结构与功能、遗憾原则、况分三故、等价原则、竞标律、层标模型、简休５０计、转化原则、泛系数学建模总体转化模式、泛对称普适原则、广义量化、泛积原理、模糊控制、故障诊断的专家系统、数学建模三范     

移动无线传感网的移动感知路径选择算法

为解决稀疏网络环境下移动传感节点的区域全覆盖和数据传输问题,提出一种移动无线传感网的移动感知路径选择算法(MSPS)。在MSPS算法中,用数学公式表示邻居网格集合、区域覆盖率、数据传输时延、节点平均能耗等参数。采用机会路由算法进行数据传输,并建立能保证全覆盖监测区域且权衡数据传输时延、数据传输率和节点平均能耗的移动路径选择优化模型。提出到目标网格的路径寻找方法、初始染色体的确定方法和染色体适应度值计算方法。最终提出修正的多种群遗传算法求解优化模型,获得移动传感节点的最优移动方案。仿真结果表明:不管监测区域内是否存在障碍物,MSPS算法都能提高数据传输率,降低数据传输时延和节点丢弃的总数据量。在一定的条件下,MSPS算法比SGA、TCM_M、RAND_D和RAND算法更优。     

泛系思维与应用：科学技术,方法论,创新与智能信息处理（Ⅱ）（上）

本文续前论述乏系思维的框架和方法论、创新运筹与智能信息处理问题,简化强化地介绍了几十种泛系理法及其应用,具体内容包括：泛系思维简式、泛系原则、泛系螺旋、显生原则、系统原则、广义系统、局整关系、分析与综合、整体性、结构与功能、遗憾原则、竞分三故、等价原则、竞标律、层标模型、简化５０计、转化原则、泛系数学建模总体转化模式、泛对称普适原则、广义量化、泛积原理、模糊控制、故障诊断的专家系统、数学建模三范畴     

Etch rates for micromachining processing-Part II

Samples of 53 materials that are used or potentially can be used or in the fabrication of microelectromechanical systems and integrated circuits were prepared: single-crystal silicon with two doping levels, polycrystalline silicon with two doping levels, polycrystalline germanium, polycrystalline SiGe, graphite, fused quartz, Pyrex 7740, nine other preparations of silicon dioxide, four preparations of silicon nitride, sapphire, two preparations of aluminum oxide, aluminum, Al/2%Si, titanium, vanadium, niobium, two preparations of tantalum, two preparations of chromium, Cr on Au, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, 10 Ti/90 W, 80 Ni/20 Cr, TiN, four types of photoresist, resist pen, Parylene-C, and spin-on polyimide. Selected samples were etched in 35 different etches: isotropic silicon etchant, potassium hydroxide, 10:1 HF, 5:1 BHF, Pad Etch 4, hot phosphoric acid, Aluminum Etchant Type A, titanium wet etchant, CR-7 chromium etchant, CR-14 chromium etchant, molybdenum etchant, warm hydrogen peroxide, Copper Etchant Type CE-200, Copper Etchant APS 100, dilute aqua regia, AU-5 gold etchant, Nichrome Etchant TFN, hot sulfuric+phosphoric acids, Piranha, Microstrip 2001, acetone, methanol, isopropanol, xenon difluoride, HF+H/sub 2/O vapor, oxygen plasma, two deep reactive ion etch recipes with two different types of wafer clamping, SF/sub 6/ plasma, SF/sub 6/+O/sub 2/ plasma, CF/sub 4/ plasma, CF/sub 4/+O/sub 2/ plasma, and argon ion milling. The etch rates of 620 combinations of these were measured. The etch rates of thermal oxide in different dilutions of HF and BHF are also reported. Sample preparation and information about the etches is given.     

吉林西部生态农业基地土壤环境地球化学背景研究

吉林西部生态农业基地土壤样品地球化学指标分析结果表明,区内N和K元素与全球土壤背景值基本相当,P,Mg,S,Mn,Cu,Zn,Mo,Cd,Cr元素质量分数低于全球土壤平均值,土壤营养元素P、B、Zn、Mo缺乏,F、Se、As、Pb、Hg元素质量分数高于全球土壤平均值。近20年来,土壤背景中F质量分数下降0.41倍,P增加1.30倍。B、Zn、Mo有效量低于土壤临界值,为显著贫化。     

广义人工生命的科学基础(I):工程技术基础

根据广义人工生命研究的特点,作者把系统论、控制论、信息论、人工智能、元胞自动机、L-系统、遗传算法、进化策略、进化规划、耗散结构理论、协同学、突变论、混沌、分形、转基因技术、克隆技术等的研究成果视为人工生命研究的主要科学基础。文章力求对元胞自动机、L-系统、遗传算法、进化策略、进化规划、耗散结构理论、协同学、突变论、混沌、分形和它们与人工生命的关系做系统而扼要的评述,为人工生命研究提供方便。     

QCDgrid: A Grid Resource for Quantum Chromodynamics

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is an application area that requires access to large supercomputing resources and generates large amounts of raw data. The UK's national lattice QCD collaboration UKQCD currently stores and requires access to around five Tbytes of data, a figure that is growing dramatically as the collaboration's purpose built supercomputing system, QCDOC [P.A. Boyle, D. Chen, N.H. Christ, M. Clark, S.D. Cohen, C. Cristian, Z. Dong, A. Gara, B. Joo, C. Jung, C. Kim, L. Levkova, X. Liao, G. Liu, R.D. Mawhinney, S. Ohta, K. Petrov, T. Wettig and A. Yamaguchi, “Hardware and software status of QCDOC, arXiv: hep-lat/0309096”, Nuclear Physics. B, Proceedings Supplement, Vol. 838, pp. 129–130, 2004. See: http://www.ph.ed.ac.uk/ukqcd/community/qcdoc/; P.A. Boyle, D. Chen, N.H. Christ, M.A. Clark, S.D. Cohen, C. Cristian, Z. Dong, A. Gara, B. Joo, C. Jung, C. Kim, L.A. Levkova, X. Liao, R.D. Mawhinney, S. Ohta, K. Petrov, T. Wettig and A. Yamaguchi, “Overview of the QCDSP and QCDOC computers”, IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 49, No. 2/3, p. 351, 2005] came into full production service towards the end of 2004. This data is stored on QCDgrid, a data Grid currently composed of seven storage elements at five separate UK sites.     

泛系变分运筹和应用

泛系论是按照四计八筹框架发展起来的一种网络型的研究,是一种新型的系统论、联系论、转化论、微积分、对称论、相对论和方法论,也是哲学和非哲学、还原论和整体论、东方哲理和西方科技的辩证结合。本文重点是泛系理性与四计八筹及其应用,特别是对泛系变分运筹的核心“真善二谛”——“阴阳泛导运泛极,大善遗憾巧显生”进行介绍。有关研究涉及：系统工程原理,综合集成结合法,管理,经济学,领管才人再现法,泛系类缘运筹,教育学,方法论,运筹学,计算机与信息科技,泛系社会智能体,人工智能,泛系本体论,泛系相对论和情景设计,中国阴阳分析与辩证法、极值分析、微积分、变分原理和运筹学的结合,泛系语言变分原理,泛系泛环变分原理,泛系相对变分原理,泛系变分方法,泛系交响,泛导和泛极的递归定义,非线性分析与非线性科学,泛系边际哲学及其数学原理,悖论和辩证法研究,泛系大多大理法,泛系结合法,泛系实践法,成本运筹,等等。     

论信息时代下我校生本课堂改革教学反思

信息时代下,对于生本教育：“一切为了学生,高度尊重学生,全面依靠学生”为核心理念的教育,是真正做到让学生成为学习的主人,为学生好学而设计的教育,能充分激发学生的内在潜能,把课堂还给学生,你就可以在他们身上看到惊人的学习能力,真实的人性活力,精彩的生命激情;他们会大方自信,侃侃而谈,激烈争论,大胆质疑.我校利用多媒体技术对文本、声音、图形、图像、动画等的综合处理及其强大交互式特点,为教学编制的系列计算机辅助教学课件,能充分创造出一个图文并茂、有声有色、生动逼真的教学环境,为教师教学的顺利实施提供形象的表达工具,能有效地减轻学生课业负担,激发学习兴趣,真正改变传统教育单调模式,使乐学落到实处.     

Stability of 41 metal–boron systems at 0 GPa and 30 GPa from first principles

A multitude of observed boron-based materials have outstanding superconducting, mechanical, and refractory properties. Yet, the structure, the composition, and the very existence of some reported metal boride (M–B) compounds have been a subject of extensive debate. This density functional theory work seeks to set a baseline for current understanding of known metal boride phases as well as to identify new synthesizable candidates. We have generated a database of over 12,000 binary M–B entries for pressures of 0 and 30 GPa producing the largest scan of compositions and systems in this materials׳ class. The 175 selected crystal structures include both observed prototypes and the new ones found with our evolutionary ground state search. The metals considered are Al, Ag, Au, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hf, Hg, Ir, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, Sc, Sr, Ta, Tc, Ti, V, W, Y, Zn, and Zr. Based on the formation energy calculated at zero pressure and temperature 4 new M–B phases or structures have been predicted, while a number of previously reported compounds have been shown to be unstable. At 30 GPa, changes in the convex hulls are expected to occur in 18 out of 41 M–B systems, which is used to indicate regions of the periodic table (for metal borides) that require further investigation from the community. Analysis of the collected information has revealed a nearly linear relationship between the magnetic moment per atom and the metal content for all the Fe–B, Co–B, and Ni–B structures within 0.15 eV/atom of the stability tie line. Both GGA-PBE and LDA-PW functionals were used to provide an understanding of the systematic error introduced by the choice of the exchange-correlation functional.     

日新月异的数据库研究领域--数据库技术的回顾与展望

本文回顾十年来数据库技术的进展和主要成就，包括面向对象的和对象关系的数据库系统、多媒体数据的支持、并行数据库、web数据集成与检索、三级存储器技术、数据仓库、数据挖掘、数据可视化技术。本文还讨论了影响数据库研究的三个重要趋势，即Internet/Web技术、程序逻辑和数据的统一管理技术、迅速发展的计算机硬件技术。最后，本文探讨了嵌入式数据库系统、未来的联邦数据库系统、未来数据库系统的体系结构、程序逻辑和数据统一管理技术、结构化和半结构化数据的集成技术等几个主要数据库研究新方向。     

Statistical Time Series Forecasting Models for Pandemic Prediction

COVID-19 has significantly impacted the growth prediction of a pandemic, and it is critical in determining how to battle and track the disease progression. In this case, COVID-19 data is a time-series dataset that can be projected using different methodologies. Thus, this work aims to gauge the spread of the outbreak severity over time. Furthermore, data analytics and Machine Learning (ML) techniques are employed to gain a broader understanding of virus infections. We have simulated, adjusted, and fitted several statistical time-series forecasting models, linear ML models, and nonlinear ML models. Examples of these models are Logistic Regression, Lasso, Ridge, ElasticNet, Huber Regressor, Lasso Lars, Passive Aggressive Regressor, K-Neighbors Regressor, Decision Tree Regressor, Extra Trees Regressor, Support Vector Regressions (SVR), AdaBoost Regressor, Random Forest Regressor, Bagging Regressor , AuoRegression, MovingAverage, Gradient Boosting Regressor, Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA), Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA), SimpleExpSmoothing, Exponential Smoothing, Holt-Winters, Simple Moving Average, Weighted Moving Average, Croston, and naive Bayes. Furthermore, our suggested methodology includes the development and evaluation of ensemble models built on top of the best-performing statistical and ML-based prediction methods. A third stage in the proposed system is to examine three different implementations to determine which model delivers the best performance. Then, this best method is used for future forecasts, and consequently, we can collect the most accurate and dependable predictions.     

基于大数据技术和特征推荐的就业信息管理平台的设计

就业工作是职业院校的一项重要工作,就业信息管理平台是学校就业指导、管理和服务的重要手段。就业信息管理平台应用效果的关键是招聘职位的数量和质量,其核心是能根据学生的就业期望,实现职位的有效推荐,同时,构建政府、企业、学校、学生之间快速沟通的渠道,提高就业指导和服务水平,提供就业调查反馈和就业统计分析功能,为专业人才培养的优化提供支撑。本文对就业信息管理平台的功能进行分析,利用软件工程的思想和统一建模工具,使用Web技术、爬虫技术、数据库技术、大数据处理技术和推荐算法对就业信息管理平台进行了设计与实现,实践表明,该平台能有效满足个性化就业需求,提高就业管理的质量和服务水平。     

OTL跨平台数据库编程与应用

OTL是一个跨平台的C＋＋数据库模板库,它几乎支持所有的当前各种主流数据库。例如Oracle,MS SQL Server,Sybase,Informix,MySQL,DB2,Interbase / Firebird,PostgreSQL,SQLite,SAP/DB,TimesTen,MS ACCESS等。OTL使用简单、并且源码开放,是一个优秀的开源跨平台数据库的C＋＋库。由于OTL的中文文档以及使用范例并不多,因此本文从OTL的编程应用的角度出发,从编写实用代码的角度,介绍了OTL跨平台数据库编程和应用,希望能够起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

From research to classroom a course in pervasive computing

In a nutshell, the course is basically about emerging, visible and invisible computing systems and devices. Pervasive computing has many names, including ubiquitous computing, and its key element is the omnipresence of information devices. These devices can be embedded into cars, airplanes, ships, bikes, posters, signboards, walls, and even clothes. The course therefore focuses on independent information devices, including wearable computers, mobile phones, screen phones, and PDAs, and the services made available by them. It includes the study of computer and network architectures for pervasive computing, mobile computing, human-computer interaction using speech and vision, pervasive software systems, and experimental pervasive computing systems.     

AI, E-government, and Politics 2.0

This issue's Trends and Controversies department includes five essays on e-government and politics 2.0 from distinguished experts. Each essay presents a unique, innovative research framework, computational methods, and selected results and examples. As the government and political process become more transparent, participatory, online, and multimedia rich, there is a great opportunity for adopting advanced AI and intelligent systems research in e-government and politics 2.0 applications. Selected techniques in data, text, Web, and opinion mining, social network analysis, visual analytics, multimedia analysis, ontological representations, and social media analysis can support online political participation, e-democracy, political blogs and forums, e-government service delivery, and transparency and accountability.     

A local-density based spatial clustering algorithm with noise

Density-based clustering algorithms are attractive for the task of class identification in spatial database. However, in many cases, very different local-density clusters exist in different regions of data space, therefore, DBSCAN method [M. Ester, H.-P. Kriegel, J. Sander, X. Xu, A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise, in: E. Simoudis, J. Han, U.M. Fayyad (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Portland, OR, AAAI, Menlo Park, CA, 1996, pp. 226–231] using a global density parameter is not suitable. Although OPTICS [M. Ankerst, M.M. Breunig, H.-P. Kriegel, J. Sander, OPTICS: ordering points to identify the clustering structure, in: A. Delis, C. Faloutsos, S. Ghandeharizadeh (Eds.), Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data Philadelphia, PA, ACM, New York, 1999, pp. 49–60] provides an augmented ordering of the database to represent its density-based clustering structure, it only generates the clusters with local-density exceeds certain thresholds but not the cluster of similar local-density; in addition, it does not produce clusters of a data set explicitly. Furthermore, the parameters required by almost all the major clustering algorithms are hard to determine although they significantly impact on the clustering result. In this paper, a new clustering algorithm LDBSCAN relying on a local-density-based notion of clusters is proposed. In this technique, the selection of appropriate parameters is not difficult; it also takes the advantage of the LOF [M.M. Breunig, H.-P. Kriegel, R.T. Ng, J. Sander, LOF: identifying density-based local outliers, in: W. Chen, J.F. Naughton, P.A. Bernstein (Eds.), Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Dalles, TX, ACM, New York, 2000, pp. 93–104] to detect the noises comparing with other density-based clustering algorithms. The proposed algorithm has potential applications in business intelligence.