一种基于Grbner基和有向图的几何约束求解方法

方程组规模大和约束一致性分析方法的欠缺影响基于Gr?bner基的代数法在约束求解中的应用。针对应用有向图进行约束分解产生的强连通分量不饱和问题,提出进行强连通分量内变量匹配,以消去自由实体,从而使强连通分量趋于饱和,方程组得以简化。并以此为基础提出基于Gr?bner基进行约束一致性判别的方法。以含有冗余约束的三角形为例阐述了约束一致性分析和求解的过程。     

基于点簇归约的几何约束求解器研究

提出了一种新的几何约束推理求解算法，该算法基于点簇对约束网络图进行归约，求得归约序列然后重构几何模型，具有求解速度快、可靠性高，应用范围广等优点，已利用面向对象的C 开发实现了以该算法为核心的几何约束求解器，并且作为白玉兰CAD系统的重要组成部分得到了推广应用。     

点到隐式曲线曲面的最小距离

求解给定点到隐式曲线曲面的最小距离通常都是应用一般的搜索算法，但搜索算法的稳定性和有效性通常不高。文章基于隐式曲线曲面的几何特性，将这个求最小值问题转化为方程组求解的问题。对于方程组的求解，则应用了计算复杂度较低的离散牛顿法。将其迭代区间进行细分并在各个细分区间中应用离散牛顿迭代算法，增强了算法的稳定性。     

基于约束矩阵的几何约束传播研究

为了保证几何约束系统的一致性和几何约束求解的正确性,对几何约束传播进行了研究,指出几何约束传播是几何约束系统的本质特征。提出了几何约束矩阵和约束传播矩阵来表达和揭示约束传播的内在机制,并提出了一种闭环约束识别的新方法。通过约束传播分析,为几何约束求解引擎的实现提供了理论依据和快速算法。     

一类四元数矩阵方程组的中心对称解及其极秩

研究一类四元数矩阵方程组存在中心对称解的充要条件及其通解的极秩问题。利用中心对称矩阵的特征结构，将该约束方程组转化为等价的无约束矩阵方程组的求解问题，然后采用M-P广义逆和分块矩阵秩的刻画方法，获得原方程组的中心对称解的表达式以及其极秩。所得定理推广了有关文献的结果。     

面向对象的约束系统分析与实现框架

通过分析工程设计中的几何约束问题，运用面向对象方法对通用约束求解器（CBA）进行了剖析。从约束建模和求解的算法共性出发，确立了虚体、约束关系和约束分量的概念，由此解决了不同应用领域和不同几何层次的几何实体和几何约束的统一建模问题。详细解释了CBA主要对象族的设计思想，简述了CBA的实现框架。     

支持多学科协同设计的约束网络技术研究

针对多学科协同设计中约束条件过于复杂的情况,提出了一种基于约束网络协调模型的设计方法。该方法以约束网络协调模型管理所有领域的约束条件,以区间的形式描述设计参数、状态变量的不确定性信息,并利用区间算法实现了通用的一致性模型求解框架,具有求解代数方程、微分方程等形式约束的能力,从而可以建立跨领域的指标与设计变量间的双向联系。该方法现初步应用于某型转向架弹性元件参数的设计中。     

复线性方程组的预处理MCG算法

复线性方程组在科学与工程计算的诸多领域中有着重要的应用价值,如何高效的求解复线性方程组,一直是人们所关心的问题．目前对于复线性方程组,常用的处理方式有以下两种：一种是直接对方程组迭代求解,另外一种是将其转化为实线性方程组后进行求解．本文主要从两种处理方式讨论了共轭梯度法（CG法）,并理论上证明了两种处理方式下的CG法具有相同的收敛性．之后基于变形共轭梯度法（MCG法）收敛速度的本质与CG法类似,只需将MCG法推广到复线性方程组进行研究,并且为了提高MCG法的收敛速度,提出了一种预处理MCG法．最后,通过数值算例验证了算法与理论分析的一致性,以及预处理算法的有效性．     

基于有向图的二维约束求解算法研究

针对过约束、几何完全定义状态判定和约束求解效率等问题,提出了基于约束图,利用自由度理论和约束冲突机制,通过反向约束方向平衡约束,进而通过排序进行约束求解的算法。算法采用约束图记录约束和几何的关系;通过约束平衡的方法进行过约束和几何完全定义的判定;采用排序求解方法,将庞大计算问题转化为一组相对简单的计算问题。算法已得到初步应用,对过约束和几何完全定义状态的判定有明显的效果,而且提高了约束求解效率。     

二耦合度9杆巴氏桁架位置分析的超混沌数学规划法

应用求解非线性方程组全部实数解的超混沌数学规划法完成了第30种二耦合9杆巴氏桁架的位置正解的求解.结合矢量法和复数法建立了该机构四回路的4个约束方程,利用正、余弦函数关系增设4变量,建立了4个补充方程,从而构造了该机构位置分析的8变量约束方程组.将超混沌序列和数学规划法相结合,应用二维离散超混沌系统产生迭代初始点,提出...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.