低成本氮化硅陶瓷

1 前言氮化硅陶瓷是典型的高温高强结构陶瓷，具有良好的室温及高温机械性能，强度高，耐磨性强，抗热震性能好，是结构陶瓷研究中最为广泛深入的材料，同时也是陶瓷发动机、陶瓷刀具、耐磨件及其它高温结构件的首选材料。但长期以来，制造氮化硅陶瓷的原材料和生产工艺的费用一直非常高，从而导致了氮化硅陶瓷生产的高成本和氮化硅陶瓷制品价格的昂贵。基于此原因，氮化硅陶瓷一直来仅在一些尖端高科技领域得以应用。最近，研究人员已研究开发了一项新的低成本氮化硅陶瓷生产技术，该技术能在很大程度上降低氮化硅陶瓷的生产成本。该技术的…     

氮化硅反应烧结的研究进展

氮化硅作为高温功能陶瓷性能优越，但将其制备成陶瓷零件比较困难，目前一般用反应烧结法制备氮化硅陶瓷零件。此外，反应烧结制备氮化硅陶瓷还具有成本低、烧结温度低、产品成型好、陶瓷高温性能好等优点。综述了氮化硅陶瓷反应烧结工艺流程和工艺的优缺点，着重介绍了氮化硅反应烧结在成型工艺、烧结工艺、原材料影响、后处理和陶瓷增韧等方面所取得的进展。     

氮化硅陶瓷的熔盐腐蚀研究进展

氮化硅陶瓷具有优良的高温性能,广泛应用于各种高温部件中,但由于在高温时氮化硅在热力学上不稳定,易和环境介质反应产生腐蚀失效,因此氮化硅陶瓷抗腐蚀性能研究近年越来越得到重视。本文简述了氮化硅陶瓷熔盐腐蚀的背景及腐蚀性能测试方法,对氮化硅陶瓷在多种钠盐中的熔盐腐蚀机理、动力学研究等进行归纳总结,并对今后提高氮化硅陶瓷抗腐蚀性能研究提出了建议。     

航空发动机用氮化硅陶瓷轴承技术研究现状

氮化硅陶瓷轴承具有强度高、硬度大、密度低、耐高温等众多优异物理性能,广泛地应用于航空航天领域,在航空发动机中使用尤为普遍。随着航空事业的快速发展,对氮化硅陶瓷轴承的性能有了更加严格的要求,氮化硅陶瓷轴承需要在高温以及重载条件下更高速、平稳的运行。基于比较分析方法,就发展现状、缺陷、未来趋势等方面对比分析了氮化硅陶瓷轴承和钢轴承。已有研究表明,氮化硅陶瓷轴承的耐高温性能、耐腐蚀性能以及其工作寿命等性能远强于钢轴承,但其断裂韧性及拉伸强度等机械性能还有较大的提升空间。     

节能环保的陶瓷基复合材料走俏未来简

众所周知,陶瓷基复合材料不是传统意义上的陶瓷,陶瓷基复合材料是以陶瓷为基体与各种纤维复合的一类复合材料。陶瓷基体可为氮化硅、碳化硅等高温结构陶瓷。它的主要基体有玻璃陶瓷、氧化铝、氮化硅等。这些先进陶瓷具有耐高温、高强度和刚度、相对重量较轻、高耐腐蚀性、低线胀系数、隔热性好及低密度等优异性能,而且资源也比较丰富,有广泛的应用前景。但其致命的弱点是具有脆性,处于应力状态时,会产生裂纹,甚至断裂导致材料失效。     

高纯氮化硅粉合成研究进展

氮化硅陶瓷是综合性能最好的结构陶瓷材料。纯度高、性能稳定且成本低廉的氮化硅粉体是影响氮化硅陶瓷性能和应用的关键。本文总结了目前常用的几种氮化硅粉体制备方法:硅粉氮化法、碳热还原法、自蔓延高温合成等,分析比较了几种方法的原理及特点,并对氮化硅粉体的未来发展进行了展望。     

氮化硅陶瓷的制备及进展

本文郑重介绍了氮化硅陶瓷的制备工艺、提高氮化硅陶瓷高温性能的方法以及改善其断裂韧性的途径,并展望了氮化硅陶瓷的研究前景。     

多孔氮化硅陶瓷的研究进展

综述了多孔氮化硅陶瓷材料的国内外研究现状和进展,介绍了多孔氮化硅陶瓷的主要制备方法,分析了微观组织对多孔氮化硅陶瓷力学性能的影响,并与其他多孔陶瓷进行了性能比较,最后展望了多孔氮化硅陶瓷的发展前景.     

节能环保的陶瓷基复合材料走俏未来

<正>众所周知,陶瓷基复合材料不是传统意义上的陶瓷,陶瓷基复合材料是以陶瓷为基体与各种纤维复合的一类复合材料。陶瓷基体可为氮化硅、碳化硅等高温结构陶瓷。它的主要基体有玻璃陶瓷、氧化铝、氮化硅等。这些先进陶瓷具有耐高温、高强度和刚度、相对重量较轻、高耐腐蚀性、低线胀系数、隔热性好及低密度等优异性能,而且资源也比较丰富,有广泛的应用前景。但其致命的弱点是具有脆性,处于应力状态时,会产生裂纹,甚至断裂导致材料失效。而采用高强     

氮化硅陶瓷的制备及进展

本文着重介绍了氮化硅陶瓷的制备工艺，提高氮化硅陶瓷高温性能的方法以及改善其断裂韧性的途径，并展望了氮化硅陶瓷的研究前景。     

Effect of Powder Surface Modifications on the Properties of Silicon Nitride Ceramics

The effect of surface oxygen concentration of silicon nitride powders on the properties of resulting ceramics was studied. A high-purity silicon nitride powder was treated physically and chemically to modify its surface oxygen content. The resulting powders were hot-pressed into dense ceramics using 6 wt% yttria as a sintering aid. Strength and oxidation resistance of these ceramics were measured and correlated with the powder and ceramic compositions as well as the resulting intergranular phases. Results show that the phases developed in yttria-containing silicon nitride ceramics vary with slight changes in the initial powder oxygen content, as predicted, and that strength can be correlated to initial oxygen concentration. The mechanical strength vs oxygen content curve has a definite maximum; i.e., there is a small oxygen concentration range at which optimum ceramic strength is realized. Best results are obtained when the oxygen content is increased by thermal oxidation; other techniques such as chemical oxidation or addition of silica are not as effective, particularly in attaining high strength at elevated temperatures.     

粒子弥散强化氮化硅基陶瓷

运用晶界工程理论，选择能形成高耐炎度晶界相的Ｙ２Ｏ３和Ｌａ２Ｏ３双稀土氧化物为Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷烧结助剂，材料具有优异的高温强度。第二相碳化硅粒子的引入有效地改善了氮化陶瓷的显微结构和力学性能。以无压烧结工艺制备的高性能α／β－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ复相陶瘊等在实际应用中获得良好效果。     

氮化硅陶瓷的应用和酸腐蚀研究进展

综述了氮化硅陶瓷的三种工业应用,即氮化硅陶瓷轴承球、氮化硅涡轮转子、铝冶金氮化硅陶瓷部件,以及氮化硅在H2SO4,HN03,HCl,HF等酸溶液及高温SO2和HCl气体中的腐蚀行为,对其腐蚀机理进行总结,并提出今后提高氮化硅陶瓷抗腐蚀性能的研究重点。     

复合陶瓷的应用发展是未来新材料市场的主题

陶瓷基复合材料不是传统意义上的陶瓷,它是以陶瓷为基体与各种纤维复合的一类复合材料。其主要基体有玻璃陶瓷、氧化铝、氮化硅等,具有高温强度好、高耐磨性、高耐腐蚀性、低膨胀系数、隔热性好及低密度等特性,而且资源也比较丰富,有广泛的应用前景。针对陶瓷基复合材料成为争夺国际市场的制高点,分析了陶瓷基复合材料的研发受到重视,阐述了复合陶瓷材料的特点,介绍了陶瓷基复合材料的应用领域,同时指出了节能环保的车用陶瓷基结构复合材料大有作为。     

复合陶瓷的应用发展是未来新材料市场的主题

陶瓷基复合材料不是传统意义上的陶瓷,它是以陶瓷为基体与各种纤维复合的一类复合材料。其主要基体有玻璃陶瓷、氧化铝、氮化硅等,具有高温强度好、高耐磨性、高耐腐蚀性、低膨胀系数、隔热性好及低密度等特性,而且资源也比较丰富,有广泛的应用前景。针对陶瓷基复合材料成为争夺国际市场的制高点,分析了陶瓷基复合材料的研发受到重视,阐述了复合陶瓷材料的特点,介绍了陶瓷基复合材料的应用领域,同时指出了节能环保的车用陶瓷基结构复合材料大有作为。     

Hierarchical Structure of Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics with Aligned Pore Channels Prepared by Ice‐Templating and Nitridation of Silicon Powder

A unique hierarchical porous structure of silicon nitride ceramic with 76.5% porosity is fabricated by combining an ice‐templating method and nitridation for a silicon powder. The porous silicon nitride ceramics were composed of a lamellar structure with aligned pore channels and ceramic walls filled with fibrous whiskers. This study is focused on the influences of freezing rate on the microstructures and properties of the silicon nitride ceramics. The properties were characterized by compressive strength and gas permeability, which were shown to vary with controlled microstructure. The compressive strength and the permeability reached up to 32.2 MPa and 0.035^?12 m², respectively.     

High temperature ceramic radomes (HTCR) – A review

An electromagnetically transparent, structurally robust and environmentally resistant enclosure of radar antenna for ground based systems to modern avionics in military aircraft and missiles is called as radome. Radome materials are classified based on: (i) type of function - surface-based or flight-mode and (ii) speed of operation - subsonic, supersonic to hypersonic. The desired properties of these materials are low dielectric constant and low loss factor in addition to its capacity to withstand the high temperature of operation. Composite laminates of glass or aramid fibre reinforced polymeric resins are radome material candidates for applications in subsonic range. However, ceramics are the only viable option for military aerospace applications such as a fighter jet travelling at Mach 3 or an advanced hypersonic missile speeding up to Mach 5. This review outlines the hand-full of ceramic materials already in application as radome materials like high-purity-alumina, pyroceram, slip-cast-fused-silica, their processing technology, electromagnetic and mechanical properties, advantages and disadvantages with respect to advanced military vehicles. Use of silicon nitride based radome materials, that has exceptional mechanical strength and thermal stability up to 1400 °C is illustrated with respect to reaction bonded silicon nitride, hot pressed silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, sialon and their composites. Design of new generation radome materials was conceptualized and discussed as applicable to silicon nitride and related ceramics, wherein incorporation of varied degree of porosity improves electromagnetic properties, simultaneously, maintaining the required mechanical strength. Multilayer and graded porosity and its influence on electromagnetic properties were briefly discussed. Si₃N₄ ceramics having controlled porosity leading to optimum electromagnetic and mechanical properties produced through systematic processing is proposed as the futuristic high temperature radome material for supersonic applications.     

Grinding performance improvement of laser micro-structured silicon nitride ceramics by laser macro-structured diamond wheels

Silicon nitride ceramics are widely used in various industrial fields because of their excellent characteristics: high hardness, high elastic modulus, abrasion resistance, and high heat resistance. Diamond wheel grinding is the predominant and most productive method to machine silicon nitride ceramics. However, a lot of heat is generated due to high friction between a diamond grinding wheel and extremely rigid silicon nitride during grinding. This causes surface/subsurface damage, wheel wear, etc., which impairs the surface quality of silicon nitride. This impairment can restrict the use of silicon nitride ceramic components. To improve the surface quality and service life of grinding wheels, a laser macro-micro combination structured grinding (LMMCSG) method was presented. The results indicated that the grinding force ratio and surface roughness when using LMMCSG were respectively 31% and 40% lower than the grinding force ratio and surface roughness when using conventional grinding. Moreover, the LMMCSG method effectively reduced the wheel wear and workpiece subsurface damage.     

氮化硅陶瓷在四大领域的研究及应用进展

氮化硅陶瓷不仅具有较高的力学性能还具有良好的透波性能、导热性能以及生物相容性能,是公认的综合性能最优的陶瓷材料。作为轴承球的致密氮化硅陶瓷广泛应用在机械领域;作为透波材料的多孔氮化硅陶瓷广泛应用在航空航天领域;随着对氮化硅陶瓷材料的深入研究,其在导热性和生物相容性方面的优异特性逐渐被科研工作者认识并得到开发和应用。本文详细阐述了氮化硅粉体的制备方法,并综述了氮化硅陶瓷作为结构陶瓷在机械领域和航空航天领域的研究进展,此外还介绍了其作为功能陶瓷在半导体领域、生物制药领域的研究和应用现状,最后对其未来发展进行了展望。