纳米耐磨和减摩复合镀层的研究

分析了将纳米三氧化二铝(Al2O3)和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)颗粒加入常规电刷镀液中制备纳米耐磨和减摩复合镀层的组织、显微硬度、耐磨性和摩擦因数。结果表明：纳米颗粒的加入使复合镀层组织明显细化和致密。随着纳米Al2O3颗粒含量的增加，复合镀层的显微硬度和耐磨性有明显的提高，纳米PTFE的加入有助于减少复合镀层的摩擦因数。     

纳米α-Al_2O_3和γ-Al_2O_3颗粒增强镍-磷复合镀层的性能对比

采用化学镀技术制备了纳米α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3颗粒增强的镍-磷复合镀层,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针等对复合镀层的物相结构、表面形貌、成分分布进行了分析,还对比了复合镀层与镍-磷镀层的显微硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。结果表明:与镍-磷镀层相比,纳米Al2O3颗粒的加入没有改变镀层的晶体结构,但使镀层的显微硬度明显提高;纳米α-Al2O3颗粒的加入提高了镀层的耐腐蚀性和耐磨性,而纳米γ-Al2O3颗粒的加入反而使镀层耐磨性和耐腐蚀性下降。     

喷射纳米Al2O3增强镍基复合镀层的摩擦行为研究

采用摩擦喷射电沉积工艺制备了纳米Al2O3镍基复合镀层，观察了镀层的表面形貌，测试了镀层的显微硬度，并考察了镀层在不同载荷下的摩擦行为，并初步探讨了其磨损机制。结果表明：当纳米Al2O3质量浓度为50g/L时，获得的复合镀层表面平整、晶粒细小、组织致密；显微硬度达到最高，较纯镍镀层提高了39％；在500N、油润滑条件下复合镀层耐磨性提高了30．4％。复合镀层的磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损，而纯镍镀层主要是粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

脉冲电沉积Ni/纳米Al_2O_3复合镀层的组织结构与性能

采用脉冲电沉积方法制备Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的组织结构,对Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的硬度、摩擦磨损性能和铝液在复合镀层表面的铺展性能进行测试。结果表明:复合镀层的硬度随镀液中Al2O3悬浮量的增加而升高;纳米Al2O3悬浮量为20g/L的Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的摩擦因数为0.459;铝液在Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层表面的亲润性比淬火45#钢差,具有良好的耐铝液侵蚀性能。     

镍-磷-纳米Al2O3复合镀层的摩擦学性能

用化学镀的方法制备了镍-磷-纳米Al2O3复合镀层，研究了热处理温度对镀层硬度和磨损性能的影响，并与二元镍-磷镀层以及镍-磷-Al2O3复合镀层进行了性能对比。结果表明：含有纳米Al2O3微粒的复合镀层具有更高的硬度和耐磨性，经400℃处理后的镀层耐磨性最好。     

多层复合镀层工艺与性能的研究

利用改进的电刷镀技术研制具有层状结构的复合镀层，探索了利用多种固体粒子（Cr2O3、SiC、ZrO、Al2O3等）构成多层复合镀层的可能性与工艺上的可行性。此外，还研究了多层复合镀层的组织、结构、显微硬度以及耐磨性等性能。     

功率超声在电沉积Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层中应用

研究功率超声在纳米电沉积技术中的作用机理。结果表明 ,在电沉积Ni/纳米Al2 O3 复合镀层过程中 ,引入功率超声可有效解决纳米Al2 O3 粒子在镀液中的分散问题 ,使纳米Al2 O3 粒子均匀分布在复合镀层中 ,促进纳米Al2 O3 粒子与镀层基质金属的共沉积 ,并细化基质金属Ni的晶粒     

复合镀液中Al2O3掺杂量对Ni-P-Al2O3-PTFE复合镀层性能的影响

在复合镀液中添加不同含量的Al2 O3,采用化学镀方法制备Ni-P-Al2 O3-PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)复合镀层,研究了复合镀液中Al2 O3质量浓度(0～3.0 g·L-1)对复合镀层显微组织、硬度、耐磨性能的影响.结果表明:随着复合镀液中Al2 O3掺杂量的增加,化学镀Ni-P-Al2 O3-PTFE复合镀层中Al2 O3含量先升高后降低,Ni-P基质的结晶性先增强后减弱,硬度先升高后降低,磨损质量损失先减小后增加;当Al2 O3质量浓度为2.0 g·L-1时,Ni-P基质结晶性优良,Ni-P-Al2 O3-PTFE层与Ni-P过渡层结合良好,复合镀层中Al2 O3的含量最高,PTFE、Al2 O3粒子均匀弥散地镶嵌在Ni-P基质中,复合镀层的硬度最高,为7.6 GPa,磨损质量损失最低,复合镀层具有优异的耐磨性能.     

Ni-La2O3纳米复合镀层制备工艺研究

将La2O3纳米颗粒添加到氨基磺酸镍镀液中采用电沉积方法制备Ni-La2O3纳米复合镀层，研究了多种因素对复合镀层中La2O3含量的影响，分析了复合镀层的表面形貌和显微硬度。结果表明：试验条件下最佳工艺为电流密度2A／dm^2、镀液温度50℃、搅拌速度800r／min、镀液中La2O3含量30g／L；与纯镍镀层相比，复合镀层表面平整光滑、组织致密均匀；其显微硬度也高于纯镍镀层，并随着复合镀层中La2O3含量的增加而升高。     

CeO2对Ni/α-Al2O3纳米复合镀层微观组织和摩擦学性能的影响

采用纳米复合电镀技术,通过向Ni/α-Al2O3纳米复合镀溶液中添加CeO2方法在45#钢上制备了Ni/α-Al2O3-CeO2纳米复合镀层;研究了CeO2对镀层微观组织、显微硬度及摩擦学性能的影响;用分析型扫描电镜、显微硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机对复合镀层组成、微观组织、显微硬度及摩擦学性能进行了分析。结果表明,适量CeO2的加入促进了纳米α-Al2O3的沉积量,使纳米α-Al2O3在镀层中的分布更加均匀,添加过多的CeO2对纳米α-Al2O3分布不利;CeO2添加量为40g/L时,平均显微硬度比未添加CeO2的提高近30%,磨痕宽度减少近40%;CeO2能改善复合镀层的耐磨性能,有效防止镀层片状脱落。     

WC颗粒增强镍基合金喷熔层腐蚀磨损行为及其人工神经网络预测分析

采用氧一乙炔焰喷熔工艺制备了碳化钨（WC）颗粒增强镍基合金喷熔层,研究了它的腐蚀磨损行为。结果表明：喷熔层耐腐蚀磨损性能随WC含量增加而提高,WC含量在20％～30％范围内,喷熔层耐腐蚀磨损性能最佳,超过30％时,其耐腐蚀磨损性能下降。载荷增加,腐蚀磨损率增大;速度增加,腐蚀磨损率下降。低速重载荷时,WC颗粒增强效果明显,且含30％WC喷熔层耐腐蚀磨损性能最好;高速轻载荷时,因WC原电池效应显著,WC颗粒增强效果减弱。基于人工神经网络的喷熔层腐蚀磨损行为预测与实验结果吻合较好,对喷熔层的应用具有重要指导作用。     

激光熔覆原位自生Ti-Al-Si复合涂层的微观组织和高温抗氧化性能

为提高钛合金的高温抗氧化性能,采用激光熔覆原位自生技术,在TC4钛合金表面自行设计并制备了原子百分比为Ti∶Al∶Si=41∶41∶18和Ti∶Al∶Si=35∶35∶30的两种涂层。通过XRD、OM、SEM表征了涂层的微观组织和物相组成;借助管式电阻炉测试了涂层和基体试样在800℃×24h×5次循环氧化条件下的高温抗氧化性能;结合氧化增重和氧化动力学曲线分析了涂层的高温抗氧化机理。结果表明,涂层主要由Ti5Si3、Ti7Al5Si12、Ti3Al、TiAl和TiAl3等物相组成。涂层中没有出现一般激光熔覆所产生的外延生长柱状晶组织,全部为细小等轴晶。在800℃×24h×5次循环氧化条件下,TC4基材单位面积的氧化增重约为35.1mg·cm-2,涂层的约为2.8mg·cm-2和3.3mg·cm-2。两种涂层的高温抗氧化性能较钛合金基材分别提高了12.5倍和10.6倍。激光熔覆原位自生Ti-Al-Si复合涂层能明显改善TC4钛合金的高温抗氧化性能。涂层抗氧化性改善的机理,一方面是表面生成了连续致密的TiO2、Al2O3、SiO2氧化层,阻碍了氧扩散;另一方面是提高了氧化层的黏附性,使氧化层不易从涂层表面剥落,对涂层未氧化部分起到了很好的保护作用。     

高速电弧喷涂Al-Ni-Mm-Co涂层在脂润滑下的摩擦磨损性能

针对铝合金硬度低、耐磨性差的问题,采用电弧喷涂分别在6061铝合金基体表面喷涂Al和Al-Ni-Mm-Co涂层,采用显微硬度计、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪分别对涂层硬度、涂层显微结构、涂层成分进行分析。采用球-盘式往复摩擦试验机考察涂层在脂润滑下的摩擦学性能,并对磨痕形貌和表面主要元素进行观察。结果表明,Al-Ni-Mm-Co涂层的减摩性和抗磨性能均优于6061铝合金和Al涂层,其优异的摩擦学性能归结为摩擦表面形成的Al2O3、NiO、CoO等氧化保护层,主要的磨损形式为疲劳磨损。     

Properties of Coatings Based on Carbon and Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Obtained Using a Pulsed Vacuum Arc Method

Diamond-like carbon coatings on hard-alloy substrates, including coatings doped with nitrogen about 1.0 μm thick have been obtained using a pulse vacuum-arc method. Three types of coatings have been investigated: a carbon diamond-like coating (C), a carbon coating doped with nitrogen (C: N), and a composite coating based on (C: N + C) layers. The coatings have been annealed in atmospheric air at a temperature of 400°C. The tribological characteristics (wear resistance and friction coefficient change dynamics), the adhesion strength, and the microhardness of coatings in the initial state and after annealing have been studied. The composite coating consisting of C: N + C layers surpasses the constituent coatings in properties, both in the initial state and after annealing at a temperature of 400°C.     

Tribological Performance of Attapulgite Nano-fiber/Spherical Nano-Ni as Lubricant Additive

Tribological properties of attapulgite, Ni and their composite nanoparticles suspended in mineral lubricating oil for a steel–steel contact were investigated with an optimal SRV-IV oscillating friction and wear tester. Results demonstrated that the composite nanoparticles exhibit better friction-reduction and anti-wear properties than the single additives. The oil containing a composite powder of 0.5 % attapulgite and 0.1 % Ni owns the best friction-reduction and anti-wear properties. Under the lubrication of oil containing composite nanoparticles, a smooth and compact tribofilm mainly composed of iron oxides, Ni, NiO and silicon oxide was formed on the rubbing surface.     

钴基合金-碳化钨复合涂层材料耐磨性能的研究

采用真空熔烧法制得钴基合金—碳化钨复合涂层材料,借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等先进的测试手段对涂层的组织结构和表面形貌进行观察分析。应用盘销式摩擦磨损试验机对不同碳化钨质量分数的复合涂层材料和淬火态45钢进行了磨损试验。结果表明:在相同试验条件下,复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于淬火钢,且其耐磨性随碳化钨质量分数的增加而提高:淬火钢的耐磨性随着载荷的增加迅速降低,而复合涂层的耐磨性则变化不大。     

La2O3对AZ91D镁合金表面激光熔覆Al-Cu涂层的影响

试验采用Nd:YAG 激光器在AZ91D镁合金表面激光熔覆不同La2O3含量的Al-Cu涂层,借助扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和滑动磨损试验机,分析稀土对熔覆层表面形貌、显微组织、物相结构、显微硬度和耐磨性能的影响。研究结果表明：稀土氧化物La2O3在Al-Cu涂层中能够细化晶粒,改善熔覆层的质量,并生成稀土化合物Mg17La2和LaAl3;当添加质量分数为1.2%的La2O3时,熔覆层组织均匀,晶粒细小,显微硬度最高;添加La2O3的熔覆层的平均摩擦因数比镁基体和未添加La2O3的熔覆层的平均摩擦因数小,说明稀土氧化物能够减小熔覆层的摩擦因数,提高涂层的耐磨性。     

激光重熔等离子喷涂复合润滑涂层的组织与性能研究

探索选取不同的激光重熔工艺,对NiCr合金基复合涂层以及ZrO2基复合涂层进行激光重熔处理,对重熔处理前后涂层的硬度、减摩性、耐磨性进行测试对比分析,并通过扫描电镜观察熔覆带形貌,对熔覆层的形成机理,偏聚区的形成作初步探讨。     

Cold-Sprayed Ni-hBN Self-Lubricating Coatings

Feedstock preparation strategies were explored to produce composite admixed, milled, and precoated (encapsulated) powders of nickel–hexagonal boron nitride (Ni-hBN) for cold-sprayed self-lubricating coatings. The resulting cold-sprayed coatings were then examined for microstructural homogeneity and composition, as well as bond strength, microhardness, and relevant wear behaviors. Though admixed powders were easy to prepare and economical, milled and precoated formulations provided the advantage of aiding contact between Ni and lubricant powders prior to spraying that ultimately improved deposition and properties. The maximum amount of hBN that could be effectively built into the cold-sprayed Ni coatings was approximately 6 wt%. Results of the study also indicated that the composite coatings exhibited slightly higher hardness and reduced adhesive strength relative to a baseline of pure Ni layers. Moreover, some reductions in friction and expected decreases in bond strength and lubricant uniformity were observed when more than 4 wt% of lubricant was retained in the coatings. Given these findings, the most promising path to improve the amount, uniformity, and influence of the lubricant may be to encapsulate smaller particles with thicker levels of Ni to “trick” the composite particle to bond as pure Ni.     

Progressive and constant load scratch testing of single- and multi-layered composite coatings

The development of effective coating systems that offer high protection against erosion–corrosion is of utmost importance in several industrial sectors. Such a coating class is typically designed to provide an effective barrier against aggressive environments combined with cathodic protection. The adherence to the substrate ensures full performance and reliability of the coatings during service. In the present investigation, the scratch response of single- and multi-layered composite coatings made from superimposed layers of a modified phenyl–methyl silicone resin and of aluminum–magnesium (Al–Mg 4.5 wt%) metallic powders was investigated. The applied loads, the contact conditions between the indenter and coating surface and the sliding speeds were analyzed, and empirical models were developed accordingly. The scratch response of the composite coatings was mapped according to the testing conditions, thus providing a useful instrument for designers and practitioners.