Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3无铅压电陶瓷的研究进展

近年来,随着环境保护和人类社会可持续发展的需求,作为环境友好的铁电压电陶瓷典型代表的Bi1／2Na1／2TiO3(BNT)基无铅压电陶瓷,已成为世界发达国家致力研发的热点材料之一。本文结合目前有关BNT基无铅压电陶瓷的报道,探讨了BNT压电瓷的压电机理及其相变过程,着重介绍了BNT压电陶瓷制备工艺以及改性研究和目前的应用,并对BNT基无铅压电陶瓷未来的发展趋势作了展望。     

无铅压电陶瓷的研究与应用进展

本文综述了无铅压电陶瓷研究开发的相关进展,着重介绍了钙钛矿结构无铅压电陶瓷(包括BaTiO3(BT)基无铅压电陶瓷、Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 (BNT)基无铅压电陶瓷、碱金属铌酸盐K1/2Na1/2NbO3(KNN)基无铅压电陶瓷)、钨青铜结构无铅压电陶瓷及铋层状结构无铅压电陶瓷等不同陶瓷种类的相关体系、制备方法及压电铁电性能,并根据相关性能参数分析了无铅压电器件的应用领域,最后对其发展前景进行了展望.     

无铅压电陶瓷的研究与展望

综述了无铅压电陶瓷研究开发的相关进展,着重介绍了BaTiO3基无铅压电陶瓷、Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3(BNT)基无铅压电陶瓷、NaNbO3基无铅压电陶瓷、铋层状结构无铅压电陶瓷及钨青铜结构无铅压电陶瓷等不同陶瓷种类的相关体系、制备方法及压电铁电性能,并对其应用及发展前景进行了展望。     

(Bi_(1/2)Na_(1/2))TiO_3BaTiO_3系无铅压电陶瓷工艺的研究

详细探讨了在制备(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 BaTiO3(abbr.BNBT)系无铅压电陶瓷的过程中,合成条件Ty和烧结温度Ts对材料压电介电性能的影响,确定了较好的制备BNBT系压电陶瓷的工艺条件,并且系统地研究了(1-x)·(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 xBaTiO3(x=0 02、0 04、0 06、0 08、0 10)的性能。XRD结构分析发现系统的相界在x=0 06,此时d33等压电介电性能参数达到最佳值。     

(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3系无铅压电陶瓷材料研究进展

概述了近年来国内外(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3(BNT)基无铅压电陶瓷的研究近况。主要介绍BNT陶瓷及BNT基陶瓷的研究工作。通过非化学计量掺杂及A位空位的存在，使BNT基陶瓷的电性能得到了较大的提高。     

锆钛酸钡钙((Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O_3)基无铅压电陶瓷研究的新进展

BCZT基无铅压电陶瓷具有优良的压电性能,是国内外无铅压电陶瓷领域研究的新热点,本文主要介绍了近年来国内外在锆钛酸钡基钙钛矿型无铅压电陶瓷体系中所开展的研究工作。着重讨论BCZT基无铅压电陶瓷的组分及其掺杂特性的影响、并总结国内外就改善BCZT陶瓷缺点(烧结困难、距离温度低、温度稳定性差)方面所取得的进展。通过上述的研究发现结合掺杂及组分设计,在不牺牲优秀压电性能的前提下,获得良好的温度稳定性,使BCZT陶瓷在未来取代铅基陶瓷成为可能。     

无铅压电陶瓷的研究进展

在压电陶瓷领域，无铅压电陶瓷从环保的角度考虑越来越引起人们的注意。本文主要综述了以BNT为基的3类无铅压电陶瓷体系。它们都是很好的无铅压电陶瓷的侯选材料，其中BNBT－6，BNTN－3和BNST－2的机电耦合常数K33分别为0．55，0．43，而且具有较高的频率常数和较小的介电系数，适用于众多高频超声换能检测领域以及压电致动装置等方面，所以作为无铅压电陶瓷它们是很有潜力的。     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3基无铅压电陶瓷研究与应用的新进展

综述了钙钛矿结构的Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3(简称BNT)基无铅压电陶瓷的研究现状,并与其它无铅基压电陶瓷进行了对比.列举了近年来BNT 基压电陶瓷的新发展和热门体系,结合笔者承担的相关研究工作内容,总结和指出了BNT基无铅压电陶瓷新的研究思路和相关方向.     

钙钛矿结构无铅压电陶瓷的研究进展

无铅压电陶瓷的开发与应用是当今压电陶瓷发展的必然趋势,本文综合分析了无铅压电陶瓷的研究背景,给出了钙钛矿型无铅压电陶瓷的主要体系,包括钛酸钡基无铅压电陶瓷、BNT基无铅压电陶瓷,分析比较了其性能及研究现状。     

无铅压电陶瓷材料的研究现状

本文综述了近年来国内外无铅压电陶瓷材料方面的研究进展,重点介绍了钛酸钡基、铋层状结构、钛酸铋钠基、碱金属铌酸盐系以及钨青铜结构无铅压电陶瓷体系的研究现状,并对无铅压电陶瓷的发展作了展望。     

Bismuth sodium titanate lead‐free piezoelectric coatings by thermal spray process

Bismuth sodium titanate (BNT) piezoelectric ceramic coatings with dense morphology and single perovskite phase were fabricated by thermal spray process. The melting and crystallization behaviors of BNT near congruent composition and the effect of excess Bi composition were investigated by analyzing the heating‐melting‐cooling cycle for the application in thermal spray process. Crystal structure and morphology of the thermal sprayed BNT coatings were examined, and their electrical and electromechanical properties were tested. An effective piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ of 50 pm/V was obtained under substrate clamping, measured with laser scanning method. The findings have shed light on the design of appropriate compositions for achieving high quality lead‐free piezoelectric ceramic coatings by the scalable thermal spray process.     

Bismuth sodium titanate based lead-free ultrasonic transducer for microelectronics wirebonding applications

Bismuth sodium titanate based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic 0.885(Bi_1/2Na_1/2)TiO₃–0.05(Bi_1/2K_1/2)TiO₃–0.015(Bi_1/2Li_1/2)TiO₃–0.05BaTiO₃ (BNKLBT-1.5) rings (OD = 12.7mm, ID = 5.1 mm and 2.3 mm thick) were fabricated and characterized. Four ceramic rings were sandwiched between front and back metal plates to form a pre-stressed piezoelectric sandwich transducer and used as the driving element of an ultrasonic wirebonding transducer and the performance of the transducer was evaluated. The BNKLBT-1.5 transducer, when fitted with titanium front and back plates, was found to have axial vibration comparable to that of PZT transducer thus showing that BNKLBT-1.5 has the potential to be used in fabricating lead-free ultrasonic wirebonding transducers.     

Potassium–Sodium Niobate‐Based Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramic Coatings by Thermal Spray Process

Potassium–sodium niobate (KNN)‐based piezoelectric ceramic coatings with single perovskite phase and dense morphology were obtained by thermal spray processing. The structure, morphology, and properties of the coatings deposited at different conditions were investigated, and excellent piezoelectric performance properties were demonstrated. The piezoelectric coefficient observed in the KNN‐based coatings in this study is about one order of magnitude higher than other thermal sprayed lead‐free piezoelectric coatings as reported in literature. With analyses on the differences in the characteristics between KNN and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) compositions and the reaction mechanisms of thermal spray and ceramic synthesis, the reasons for the successful formation of single‐phase perovskite structure with high crystallinity in the thermal sprayed KNN‐based coatings while not in PZT are explained.     

钛酸钡制备新方法研究

用ＢａＣｌ２．２Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｈ２ＴｉＯ３作反应物,（ＮＨ４）２ＣＯ３作沉淀共沉淀法制备钛酸钡。研究了（Ｎ４）２ＣＯ３和ＢａＣｌ２．２Ｈ２ｏ及ＢａＣｌ２．２Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｈ２ＴｉＯ３的配比、反应温度和时间、煅烧温度和时间、液固比对产品质量的影响。     

Understanding the piezoelectric properties in potassium-sodium niobate-based lead-free piezoceramics: Interrelationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based ceramics are currently enjoying a wide use in piezoelectric devices despite lead toxicity. Due to growing environmental concerns, the attention on piezoelectric ceramics has been moving to lead-free materials, in particular to (K,Na)NbO₃-based ceramics. Here we report a systematic evaluation of the effects of the compositional modifications on [(K_0.44Na_0.52Li_0.04)[(Nb_0.86Ta_0.10Sb_0.04)_1-xZr_5x/4]O₃ lead–free piezoceramics. We show that an interrelationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic factors is the linchpin for the development of good piezoelectric properties. Hence, the stabilization of the tetragonal symmetry on the orthorhombic-tetragonal polymorphic phase boundary facilities the poling process of the system, thereby enhancing the piezoelectric response. Additionally, the microstructure appears to be related to the piezoelectric properties; i.e., the improved piezoelectric properties correlate to the increase in grain size. The results of this work could help to understand the origin of piezoelectricity in potassium–sodium niobate-based ceramics.     

Piezoelectricity and flexoelectricity of sodium bismuth titanate-based ceramics

Although sodium bismuth titanate-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics are a good substitute for lead oxide-based piezoelectric ceramics, their piezoelectric properties are still inferior to those of lead oxide-based ceramics. In this paper, the variation of piezoelectricity of sodium bismuth titanate-barium titanate (NBBT) ceramics after high temperature reduction was researched. A kind of ceramic with piezoelectric and flexoelectric properties was obtained by reducing one surface of ceramics at a high temperature. The relationship between the reduction structure and piezoelectric properties was studied by analyzing the crystal structure and microstructure of the original samples and the reduced samples. It was found that the piezoelectricity of NBBT was improved after reduction, in which the piezoelectric constant d₃₃ reached 133 pC/N, while it was 120 pC/N before reduction. The maximum displacement of the bipolar strain curve increased 50% after reduction. The change of properties is attributed to the combination of the flexoelectric effect generated by the reduction and the original piezoelectric effect.     

Effects of Heat‐Treatment Temperature on the Properties of (1–x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–xBiAlO3 Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Thin Films

Lead‐free sodium bismuth titanate–aluminate bismuth [0.97(Na_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃–0.03BiAlO₃] solid‐solution films deposited on (100) Pt/TiO₂/SiO₂/Si substrates by a sol–gel process were pyrolyzed and annealed at different temperatures. The film annealed at 725°C with a pyrolysis temperature of 410°C exhibited the optimal electrical properties and excellent piezoelectric properties, with a remanent polarization 2P_r of 38 μC/cm² and a leakage current density of 10^?7–10^?6 A/cm² (E < 200 kV/cm). The values of the dielectric constant and dissipation factor at 100 kHz were 422 and 0.039, respectively. The piezoelectric coefficient of the film after poling at 168 kV/cm was found to be 57 pm/V, making the BNT‐BA films a viable lead‐free alternative to the lead‐based materials in such as biosensors and ultrasonic transducers.     

Processing and Electromechanical Properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)(1−1.5x)LaxTiO3 Ceramics

Bismuth sodium titanate (Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃, BNT) with 0–6 at.% lanthanum was prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method. Each composition was calcined at 800–900°C for 2–5 h to form a pure perovskite phase. Green pellets were sintered at 1050–1150°C for 1–4 h to obtain dense ceramics with at least 95% of theoretical density. X–ray diffraction (XRD) showed phase distortion as lanthanum was added to this system. Meanwhile, a small amount of La was found to affect the grain size and had an influence on the poling conditions and electrical properties. The BNT–based composition with 1 at.% La doping provided a dielectric constant ( K ) of 560, a piezoelectric charge constant ( d ₃₃) of 92 pC/N, and a hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient ( d _h) of 72 pC/N.     

Method for Obtaining the Full Set of Linear Electric, Mechanical, and Electromechanical Coefficients and All Related Losses of a Piezoelectric Ceramic

A method based on the use of four piezoelectric resonances for three sample geometries is presented that allows one to obtain all the dielectric permittivities, compliances, and piezoelectric coefficients of a piezoelectric ceramic in complex form and, therefore, all related losses. Piezoelectric losses are responsible for heat generation and hysteresis in actuators. The method is applied to a Navy type II PZT-based piezoelectric ceramic (PZT = lead zirconate titanate), for which the full set of linear electric, mechanical, and electromechanical coefficients is given in complex form. Full sets of coefficients for the available piezoceramics are required for exploiting all the possibilities of finite element analysis, both in fundamental research (mechanisms of degradation) and in development (element design). This numerical technique is necessary to explore arbitrary shapes provided by solid free-form-fabrication technologies.     

Piezoelectric Multilayer Ceramic/Polymer Composite Transducer with 2–2 Connectivity

A multilayer piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite with 2–2 connectivity was fabricated by thermoplastic green machining after co-extrusion. The multilayer ceramic body was composed of piezoelectrically active lead zirconate titanate (PZN)–lead zinc niobate (PZN)-lead zirconate titanate (PZT) layers and electrically conducting PZN–PZT/Ag layers. After co-extruding the thermoplastic body, which consisted of five piezoelectric layers interspersed with four conducting layers, it was computer numeric-controlled machined to create periodic channels within it. Following binder burnout and sintering, an 18 vol% array of 190 μm thin PZT slabs with a channel size of 880 μm was fabricated. The channels were filled with epoxy in order to fabricate a PZN–PZT/epoxy composite with 2–2 connectivity. The piezoelectric coefficient (effective d ₃₃) and hydrostatic figure of merit ( d _h× g _h) of the PZN–PZT/epoxy composite were 1200 pC/N and 20 130 × 10⁻¹⁵ m²/N, respectively. These excellent piezoelectric characteristics as well as the relatively simple fabrication procedure will contribute in widening the application range of the piezoelectric transducers.