聚乙烯醇偏光膜的制备与评价

采用流延法制备出聚乙烯醇偏光膜．并用紫外可见分光光度仅对含碘及碘、镍、钴偏光膜的光学性能进行了研究．结果表明,偏光膜中加入镍、钴后．偏光膜的单片透光率增加,单片偏光系数及组合偏光率增加．垂直组合时,泄漏光的波峰值左移．     

改性聚乙烯醇偏光膜的制备及性能研究

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为原料，制备了改性的PVA含碘（mPVA-I）和PVA含双向色性染料（mPVA-D）两类偏光膜，前者的偏光性能明显优于后者。mPVA-I偏光膜较国内商品PVA含磺偏光膜（CPVA-1)有明显的优点，在偏光性能相近的条件下，抗温、抗热性能好，用光电子能谱对膜表层测试表明，B，Co,Ni浓度是影响其性能的原因。     

PVA／HEC偏光膜的制备与偏光性能研究

研究了采用聚乙烯醇，羟乙基纤维素为主体材料，内含碘化钾，或者碘化锂，用过氧化氢氧化制备ＰＶＡ／ＨＥＣ偏光膜。实验结果表明，选择４．８０ｇＰＶＡ．０．２０ｇＨＥＣ中含有５ｍｍｏｌＫＩ的基膜，用５％Ｈ２Ｏ２水溶液氧化５ｓ，经拉伸，干燥，可制备柔韧性能好的ＰＶＡ／ＨＥＣ偏光膜。根据实验结果，提出了新法ＰＶＡ／ＨＥＣ膜与Ｉ２形成络合物的机理模型。     

改性灰D(GDSA)与Cu2+离子形成配合物的紫外-可见光谱及偏光性能

将直接染料灰D(GD)重氮化后与磺基水杨酸(SSA)偶合得到一种三偶氮染料(GDSA),研究了GDSA与Cu2 离子配合系统的紫外-可见光谱,发现Cu2 与GDSA在pH=4.6的条件下可形成配合物[Cu(Ⅱ) (GDSA)],其表观稳定常数K表＝6.2×105.将该配合物与聚乙烯醇共混制成偏光膜,研究了膜的光谱吸收特性,结果表明,掺有[Cu(Ⅱ) (GDSA)]的膜的偏光性能明显优于掺有GD的膜,偏光度＞60%的波长区间由GD膜的100nm(550～650nm)增加到320nm(350～670nm),并使200～280nm范围紫外光的透过率＜5%.     

刚果红分子的化学修饰及偏光性研究

刚果红用亚硝酸钠重氮化后分别与2-胺基-8-萘酚-6-磺酸、对甲氧基苯胺偶合得到两种新型三偶氮染料DYE-R1和DYE-R2。它们分别与PVAL混和后,用流延法成膜制得彩色偏光材料。DYE-R1-PVAL膜和DYE-R2-PVAL膜在各自的最大吸收波长处所对应的偏光度分别为88.7%和90.8%,DYE-R1-PVAL膜在80℃、相对湿度为90%的条件下处理1000h后偏光度为88.2%。     

含Co2+碘素偏光膜的稳定机理研究

碘素偏振片偏振性能优良,但在高温湿热环境中易失效,研究高温碘素偏振片,可扩大液晶显示器的适用范围。文中研究了含Co2 碘素偏光膜,并对光学性能和热稳定性进行了表征与分析。FT-IR光谱表明Co2 可与I、PVA形成络合物,也可与H3BO3、I和PVA形成稳定性更好的络合物,而H3BO3使PVA分子间-OH交联化而稳定发色团I5-。XRD谱结果显示Co2 减小PVA的面间距(10 1),阻碍I5-发色团的迁移和分解,DSC曲线显示Co2 将碘素偏光膜的耐热温度从仅用H3BO3稳定处理的90℃提高到109℃。     

太阳镜偏光轴位测量仪的量值溯源技术研究

本文提出了一种以相对角度差作为计量标准值的太阳镜偏光轴位测量仪量值溯源技术。设计了专用角度刻线样板和偏光轴位标准片,通过国家计量院高精度转角仪和高精度影像仪的量值传递,实现了偏光轴位测量仪的计量标准装置。偏光轴位测量仪的校准过程中,考虑了平行性误差、左右偏光片水平线的一致性、零位误差、偏光轴位示值误差、偏光变动性等关键计量特性参数,设计了测量不确定度最佳校准方案,能够对偏光轴位测量仪进行科学合理的校准。该方法可精确获取偏光轴位测量仪的量值误差和稳定度,能够实现快速、有效溯源。三家比对结果表明,该校准技术能够满足太阳镜偏光轴位测量仪的要求,也可以说明校准结果的不确定度是合理的。     

空心玻璃微珠表面包覆Ni-P／Co-Fe-P复合镀层的研究

通过化学镀在空心玻璃微珠（HGM）表面沉积了镍磷合金颗粒镀层，利用偶联取代传统的粗化处理，结合适当的镀覆工艺实现了镀层与微珠的紧密结合并达到了均匀完整包覆；在此基础上，进行了镍磷镀层表面湿化学还原法包覆钴铁合金的研究。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及振动样品磁强计对包覆层的形貌、组成、晶体结构和改性后微珠的静磁性能进行了分析测试。结果表明，复合镀层由非晶态合金组成，其中镍磷镀层为单层颗粒膜，而后续沉积的钴铁合金镀层呈条带状生长于镍磷镀层表面；沉积钴铁合金后微珠的磁性有了明显改善。     

基于纳米镍锌铁氧体以Co2+逐步替代Ni2+制备钴锌铁氧体及吸波性能对比

应用水热法掺杂钴离子到纳米镍锌铁氧体粉末中,制备处纳米镍锌钴铁氧体,继而用钴离子代替镍离子制备钴锌铁氧体.并利用XRD、TEM、VNA对其进行表征和分析,研究了纳米镍锌钴铁氧体和纳米钴锌铁氧体的样品粒度、形貌、电磁损耗性能及吸收性能.结果表明：纳米镍锌钴铁氧体由原先纳米镍锌铁氧体的类球形转变为不规则四边形结构.掺杂钴离子后增加吸收器的带宽, 改善材料在低频率的吸波性能。钴锌铁氧体中当Co²⁺: Zn²⁺=1: 1时,对于电磁波吸收性能比镍锌钴铁氧体要好,在16.47 GHz处到达33.9 dB.     

棱镜偏光技术与器件

本文重点介绍激光偏光技术中广泛应用的棱镜式偏光镜和偏光分束镜,对器件的设计原理及性能指标进行了技术性探讨。     

光学偏振玻璃及其应用

近年来光学偏振玻璃器件在光显示、光通信等领域的应用越来越多，人们越来越关注偏振玻璃的特殊性能和制备工艺。文章详细介绍了光学偏振玻璃的发展历程，系统分析了光学偏振玻璃的偏光原理和偏振性能，介绍了偏振玻璃的制备和应用并讨论了偏振玻璃的发展前景。     

Effect of catalyst for nickel films for NiSi formation with improved interface roughness

Iodine is an effective catalyst to obtain homogeneous and smooth metal films with good interface properties. We adopted an iodine catalyst during the nickel film deposition by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) with bis(1-dimethylamino-2-methyl-2-butoxide)nickel [Ni(dmamb)₂] precursor and hydrogen reactant gas. The effect of iodine catalyst to nickel nucleation process was studied. The deposited films were silicided by rapid thermal process (RTP) which was performed by varying temperature from 400 °C to 900 °C in nitrogen ambient. The crystalline properties of nickel and nickel silicide films were examined by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with various deposition temperatures. The interface properties and the surface morphology of nickel silicide films were studied by using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profile analyses and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed that the iodine-catalyzed silicide film, which have a clean and smooth interface, exhibit lower resistivity, and lower leakage current density compared to that of non iodine-catalyzed films in implemented n⁺/p junction diode.     

Effects of substrate temperature on the magnetic and electrical properties of cobalt ferrite/metal composite thin films

The magnetic and electrical properties of the cobalt ferrite/metal composite thin films, prepared by reactive sputtering, were studied as a function of substrate temperature. With increasing substrate temperature, the saturation magnetization of the thin films increased owing to precipitation of the Co_0.67Fe_0.33 phase. Also, the electrical resistivity of the thin films decreased. From Hall experiments, the decrease of electrical resistivity of the composite thin films was mainly attributed to the increase of electron concentration. The Seebeck coefficient measurement shows that the electrical conduction mechanism of the thin films containing 37.8 and 33.7 at % Co changes from p-type to n-type and that of the thin films containing 28.5 at % Co remains n-type with increasing substrate temperature. This might be attributed to the change in composition of the cobalt ferrite matrix to Fe-excess with precipitation of Co-rich Fe alloy. ©1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

A simple route to electrophoretic deposition of transition metal-coated nickel oxide films for electrochemical capacitors

Nickel hydroxide films coated with transition metals such as nickel and cobalt were fabricated directly by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) in the presence of charging additives (transition metal salts). A nickel hydroxide particle with a weakly charged surface in an isopropanol solution was found to be detrimental to EPD and dispersion. When a small amount of charging additive was added to the suspension, the adsorption of dissolved metal ions on the nickel hydroxide resulted in a more positively charged particle surface, facilitating EPD and dispersion. When nickel hydroxide particles migrated to the negative electrode during the EPD process, the metal ions adsorbed on the particle were reduced electrochemically to form a metal layer. The as-deposited nickel hydroxide film converted to nickel oxide following heat treatment at 300 °C. Our results revealed that nickel oxide films coated with nickel and cobalt showed better capacitive behavior than the bare film. The improved capacitive behavior was attributed to the co-deposition of transition metals, which provided additional active sites on the nickel oxide surface for the electrochemical reaction to occur.     

Extraction and separation of nickel and cobalt by electrostatic pseudo liquid membrane

The extraction and separation of nickel and cobalt using electrostatic pseudo liquid membrane technology is the subject of this article. An electrostatic pseudo liquid membrane reactor was constructed and extraction tests were undertaken to determine the effects of various experimental variables on the extraction and separation of nickel and cobalt. At optimum conditions, devised as a result of this investigation, a nickel/cobalt ratio of 1000 in the raffinate from a synthetic feed solution containing 10?000 ppm nickel and 1000 ppm cobalt was achieved. Separation of nickel and cobalt from a pregnant leach solution was achieved in two stages.     

Incorporation of cobalt and nickel metal nano-particles in nano-grain zirconia film matrix by solution route

Precursor solutions of cobalt/nickel incorporated nano-grain zirconia films were prepared from aquo-organic solutions of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate and corresponding transition metal nitrate. The films were deposited onto silica glass substrate by the dipping technique. Annealing was made at different temperatures from 450°C to 1200°C ± 5°C in air atmosphere. The range of thickness of the films baked at 450°C was 1800–1870 å. For cobalt system Co₃O₄ was formed initially at 450°C which gradually transformed to alpha cobalt and next to cubic cobalt along with a non-stoichiometric compound (Zr_0.71Co_0.23O_0.06) with increasing annealing temperature. On the other hand, for nickel system nickel metal of nano-size was observed in the nano-grain zirconia film matrix at 450°C. By increasing annealing temperature to 1200°C, a compound, ZrNi₄O, was formed which was found to be stable for ～ 30 days.     

Metallization of cross-linked epoxy resins by reduction of polymer-incorporated metal ions

The metallization behavior of the poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether films cured with 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuryl)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (DMCDA) by reduction of polymer-incorporated cobalt chloride or nickel chloride was investigated by means of infra-red spectroscopy, dynamic viscoelastic measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. For the film containing the metal chloride cured at finally 200 °C for 5 h, the metal ion was homogeneously distributed in the inner part of the film, except that the film surface at the air side had a higher metal ion concentration because of the chelation of the metal ion with carboxylic acid group generated by the reaction of DMCDA with water in air. By the reduction treatment in aqueous sodium borohydride at 20–50 °C, the metal ion migrated to both sides of the film and then reduced to pure metal. The metal layer generated at the air side was thicker than the one at the side of a polypropylene plate used in the preparation of film. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the reduced films revealed that the generated cobalt and nickel were almost amorphous.     

Study on the structures and magnetic properties of Ni, Co-Al2O3 electrodeposited nanowire arrays

We report on the direct electrodeposition of nickel and cobalt nanowire arrays within the nanopores of ordered porous alumina films prepared by a two-step anodization. SEM and TEM images reveal that the pore arrays are regularly arranged throughout the alumina film. X-ray diffraction and TEM analysis show that the nickel and cobalt nanowires are single crystalline with highly preferential orientation. The aspect ratio of nanowires is over 300. M-H hysteresis loops determined by VSM indicate that the nanowire arrays obtained possess obvious magnetic anisotropy. Because of proper square ratio and coercivity the nanowire arrays of nickel seem to be more suitable candidates for perpendicular magnetic recording medium than those of cobalt.     

Optimum selection of novel developed implant material using hybrid entropy‐PROMETHEE approach

Optimum selection of appropriate biomaterial with unlike properties for the femoral head material is one of the toughest tasks. Therefore, in this article, a series of implant materials for the femoral head by vacuum casting induction furnace containing cobalt‐30chromium (Co‐30Cr) as a base material and three alloying elements (i. e. molybdenum, nickel and tungsten) were developed and evaluated for physical, mechanical and tribological properties. Density, hardness, compressive strength, coefficient of friction and volumetric wear were considered as material selection criterions. The weight of each criterion has been determined by entropy method, while the ranking of the alternatives has been carried out by the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) method. From this ranking results, it is found that the cobalt‐30chromium‐4molybdenum‐1nickel‐2tungsten (Co‐30Cr‐4Mo‐1Ni‐2W) material at given parameters is the best implant material for the femoral head component of hip joint replacement.