基于SPSS的主成分分析在复杂碎屑岩油水层识别中的应用——以准噶尔盆地腹部中1区为例

研究区位于准噶尔盆地腹部的昌吉凹陷,地质条件复杂,储层非均质性强,以低孔低渗储层为主,油水层识别困难,普通的油水层识别图版不能取得理想的效果;在分析了油水识别困难的成因机理的基础上,引入主成分分析方法,以SPSS软件为平台,充分利用已有钻井、完井、试油等资料,选取能反映含油性的深、中感应电阻率;反映储层物性的声波、补偿中子和反映泥质参数的自然电位、自然伽马等测井曲线,建立油水层判别分析模型进行测井解释,与试油结果比较,效果较好。     

利用自然电位测井资料计算水淹层地层混合液电阻率

地层水电阻率是确定储层含油饱和度的一个关键参数。自然电位曲线可较好指示水淹后矿化度变化情况。通过自然电位进行厚度、吸附校正，根据效正后自然电位幅度计算地层水电阻率，可以直观分析水淹情况，并为饱和度准确计算奠定基础。     

异常高压层的识别及厚度划分方法

新井测井解释人员在储层厚度划分中,有部分井出现测井曲线异常,主要表现在微电极、声波、自然电位等曲线电性特征不匹配,对储层厚度划分带来影响,分析其原因主要是由于储层的异常高压引起的。为此,本文就如何利用测井曲线识别异常高压层,并能准确地划分储层厚度方法进行了研究。     

巴彦查干-英台地区油水层识别方法

文章对自然电位曲线进行泥浆校正,对电阻率曲线进行泥质含量影响校正、钙质含量影响校正,在完成对测井曲线进行标准化的前提下,充分利用岩心资料、试油资料刻度测井曲线的基本原理,从测井解释基础参数入手,确定出适合该地区的骨架参数,泥质参数、地层水电阻率计算方法,突出了储层流体特征,使油水层的差别增大。利用校正曲线和计算参数建立了该地区六个油水层识别图版,实际应用效果较好。     

利用测井参数交会法确定油水层下限

以铸体薄片分析其岩性并以试油资料为依据，对自然电位、声波、电阻率测井资料进行标准化校正，选取储集层的电阻率（Rt）、声波时差（△t）、自然电位相对值（ASP）、自然伽玛相对值（△GR）、Sw一含水饱和度（Sw）、孔隙度（垂）等六种测井参数分别交会以确定鄂尔多斯盆地旦八区长4＋5储层的油层、油水层下限，该方法具有简单、实用、便于现场解释与判识的优点，并以正285井为例，说明解释结果和生产实际吻合程度较高。     

影响安塞油田侯市区东部动态特征的地质因素剖析

本文从油井的试油结果、初期产能、单井生产状况、见效见水特征、注采对应关系、水驱油运动规律及剩余油分布特征等方面对影响侯市区东部动态特征的地质因素进行了剖析。研究表明:当注采井分布在有利相带时,往往试油产量高、油井见效快见水也快,否则较慢;储层地质特征是影响水驱油运动规律及剩余油分布特征的主要因素,注入水往往在平行于古水流方向、河道的主体带推进速度较快,研究区目前孔隙渗流区水淹井的来水方位几乎均平行于古水流方向;垂直或斜交于古水流方位、非有利相带将是剩余油的富集区域;储层裂缝的存在也严重地控制了注入水流向,注入水沿裂缝方位窜进,其他方位将是剩余油富集的主要区域。     

测井解释中高压层的识别及厚度划分方法

测井解释人员在储层厚度划分中,有部分井出现测井曲线异常,主要表现在微电极、声波、自然电位等曲线电性特征不匹配,对储层厚度划分带来影响,分析其原因主要是由于储层的高压引起的。为此,本文就如何利用测井曲线识别高压层,并能准确地划分储层厚度方法进行了研究。     

影响安塞油田侯市区东部动态特征的地质因素剖析

本文从油井的试油结果、初期产能、单井生产状况、见效见水特征、注采对应关系、水驱油运动规律及剩余油分布特征等方面对影响侯市区东部动态特征的地质因素进行了剖析.研究表明:当注采井分布在有利相带时,往往试油产量高、油井见效快见水也快,否则较慢;储层地质特征是影响水驱油运动规律及剩余油分布特征的主要因素,注入水往往在平行于古水流方向、河道的主体带推进速度较快,研究区目前孔隙渗流区水淹井的来水方位几乎均平行于古水流方向;垂直或斜交于古水流方位、非有利相带将是剩余油的富集区域;储层裂缝的存在也严重地控制了注入水流向,注入水沿裂缝方位窜进,其他方位将是剩余油富集的主要区域.     

油水同层井试油工艺优化技术

针对油水同层井因试油排液期间大量出水造成与测井解释不相符、难定性的问题,在分析油水同层井试油现状的基础上,探讨了油水同层井油水关系影响因素及影响特征,根据油水同层井两相流的渗流特征,充分考虑各种影响因素,扬长避短,确定一套合适的完井、试油配套技术将有效提高该类储层的原油产量,降低油水比,使试油结论可以准确反映储层特征,达到勘探的目的。     

胡七南沙三下储层高渗条带研究

胡状集油田储层为中高渗透储层,储层非均质性十分严重,储层内部存在着高渗条带,注水后中高渗储层受注入水影响也可形成高渗条带。本文对高渗条带形成机理,高渗条带渗透率的确定及其位置的确定和高渗条带的储层类型、沉积微相类型作了探索性研究。利用自然电位、自然伽玛、声波三条测井曲线综合判断高渗条带存在的位置、厚度;利用统计方法确定其渗透率大小;存在高渗条带的沉积微相类型主要为河道、河口坝。     

Studies on defluoridation of water by coal‐based sorbents

Drinking water containing fluoride above a level of 1 mg dm^?3 is considered to be unsafe for human consumption. Higher intake of fluoride can cause potential health hazards. The conventional processes of fluoride removal from water are ion exchange, reverse osmosis and electro‐dialysis. However, the utility of these processes has been limited due to their expensive operation and subsequent disposal problem of the waste brine generated. Defluoridation of water samples by coal‐based sorbents was studied at different adsorbent dosages. First‐order adsorption rate constants using the Lagergren equation, the Freundlich adsorption isotherm, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, film diffusion and pore diffusion coefficients have been evaluated for each system. The effect of pH on fluoride removal and the mechanism has also been discussed. Copyright © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

弹性石墨烯气凝胶的制备及对含油污水的吸附

采用冰模板和两步水热还原法通过常压干燥制备了石墨烯气凝胶(RGA).利用SEM观察RGA的微观形貌,利用XRD、XPS、FTIR和Raman光谱技术对氧化石墨烯(GO)的还原情况进行分析.用电子万能试验机对RGA进行压缩回弹实验.结果证明,RGA具有优异的压缩回弹性能(在50％应变下压缩回弹200次后RGA仍能迅速回弹至原始高度,且外形和高度没有明显变化).平衡模拟含油污水吸附性能测试表明,RGA经过270 min的吸附即可趋于吸附平衡,其对水中乳化油的平衡吸附量达到1466.325 mg/g,RGA对含油污水的吸附动力学模型符合准二级动力学模型;内扩散模型表明,RGA对含油污水的吸附分为RGA表面的大孔扩散、内部的中孔扩散和微孔扩散3个阶段;循环吸附结果表明,RGA对含油污水具有优异的循环吸附性能(循环吸附14次的吸附量均保持在1400～1450 mg/g);对实际污水的吸附结果表明,RGA对实际污水的去除率可以达到90％以上,并且可以循环使用.     

改性活性碳纤维对CO2的吸附性能

为了进一步提高活性碳纤维的CO₂吸附量和抗水性能,采用浸渍法将活性碳纤维进行改性处理,得到一系列改性样品,并对其进行了SEM和FTIR表征。研究了活性碳纤维种类、浸渍试剂（NaOH溶液、ZnCl₂溶液及离子液体）等对吸附剂孔结构、CO₂吸附量、循环使用性和抗水性能的影响,并探讨了CO₂在改性活性碳纤维内的动力学吸附扩散行为。研究结果表明：改性活性碳纤维的CO₂吸附性能和抗水性能均显著改善,其中CO₂最高吸附量达24.4%（0.1MPa和25℃）,吸湿率减小到1.33%,且具有良好的吸附/脱附循环使用性。均相扩散模型（HSDM）描述了实时吸附数据,此模型能够较好地反映CO₂在样品内的扩散行为,改性活性碳纤维仍能保持良好的扩散速率,扩散系数D_s值数量级为10^-5m²/s,与空白活性碳纤维相当。     

Biochar soil amendments for increased crop yields: How to design a “designer” biochar

The development and testing of a transient adsorption/desorption model that describes the response of biochar particles to nutrient pulses simulating the application of fertilizer is presented in this study. Intraparticle nutrient transfer occurs both by diffusion through liquid‐filled pores and by surface diffusion, and nutrient adsorption is described by Langmuir–Freundlich (Sips) isotherms. Simulation results show that the ability of a biochar to adsorb and then slowly release the nutrient is modulated by a complex interplay of external mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion (both pore and surface diffusion), and adsorption dynamics. The nutrient retention potential of biochar‐amended soils is quantified and is shown to depend on multiple factors that include chemical and physical biochar properties, soil permeability, water flow, and the method of fertilizer application. These findings may explain why biochars with similar properties can potentially have widely different impacts on crop yields, as has been repeatedly reported in the literature. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 5425–5437, 2017     

Expeditious modeling of vapor transport and reactions in polymeric materials

We present a methodology for approximating dynamic adsorption of vapor coupled with diffusion in polymeric materials. In previous publications, the dynamic adsorption was represented by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and solved in concentration and parameter space. To accelerate the calculation, we have developed a statistical approximation method using computationally cheap surrogate models (e.g., algebraic polynomials) that replace the ODE solutions of adsorption and are coupled with the diffusion equations. Since the polynomial presentation of the adsorption term is obtained in a standard format prior to modeling coupled sorption‐diffusion, the adsorption operator can be expressed as input data in the transport code. Compared to conventional operator‐splitting methods, the polynomial approximation of adsorption offers better computational efficiency. The methodology is demonstrated and validated using a dynamic Langmuir adsorption model that is coupled to diffusion and absorption models and applied to a water vapor sorption‐diffusion process in polydimethylsiloxane polymers. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4079–4089, 2017     

Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies on Lithium Adsorption from Geothermal Water by λ-MnO2

The adsorption equilibria of lithium from geothermal water were investigated by using both powdery and granulated forms of λ-MnO₂ derived from spinel-type lithium manganese dioxide. Optimum amounts of adsorbents were 1.0 g adsorbent/L-geothermal water for powdery λ-MnO₂ and 6.0 g adsorbent/L-geothermal water for granulated λ-MnO₂. The adsorbents exhibited the promising adsorption capacities and their adsorption equilibria of lithium agreed well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The kinetic data of lithium adsorption have been evaluated using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order kinetics models, as well as Elovich kinetic model. In addition, intra-particle diffusion model has been used for evaluating the kinetic data to evaluate the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption kinetic process was attributed to the gradual adsorption stage where intra-particle diffusion was found as the rate-controlling step.     

乳液法制备石墨烯气凝胶及其吸附水中亚甲基蓝

利用乳液法制备多孔石墨烯气凝胶（emGA）,改变乳液油水比制备不同的emGA。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、氮气吸附脱附等表征显示,emGA具有多孔结构,经水热还原后含氧官能团大部分被除去,比表面积为103.3～243.1m²/g。以亚甲基蓝（MB）浓度和温度作为变量,考察emGA对水中MB的吸附效果。结果表明,emGA的比表面积越大,其对MB平衡吸附量越大;当初始浓度越大,温度越高,则吸附有利。吸附动力学数据表明emGA吸附MB符合准二级动力学模型和内扩散模型,吸附过程分为大孔扩散和微孔扩散。吸附等温线数据拟合结果符合Langmuir模型,表明emGA对MB的吸附属于单分子层吸附。Langmuir模型计算出emGA-2饱和吸附量为307.7mg/g,与实验值291.3mg/g较为接近。分析热力学参数发现,emGA吸附MB为自发吸热过程,且吸附过程属于物理吸附。     

Adsorption characteristics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4-dinitrophenol in a fixed bed adsorber

The influence of temperature and initial pH of aqueous solution on adsorption has been discussed in detail using the Sips equation. Single-component adsorption equilibria of 2,4-D and 2,4-DNP dissolved in water have been measured for three kinds of GACs (F400, SLS103, and WWL). For 2,4-D, the magnitude of adsorption capacity was in the order of F400>SLS103>WWL, and that for 2,4-DNP was SLS103>F400>WWL. These results may come from the effects of the pore size distribution, surface area, surface properties, and difference in adsorption affinity. Kinetic parameters were measured in a batch adsorber to analyze the adsorption rates of 2,4-D and 2,4-DNP. The internal diffusion coefficients were determined by comparing the experimental concentration curves with those predicted from surface diffusion model (SDM) and pore diffusion model (PDM). The linear driving force approximation (LDFA) model was used to simulate isothermal adsorption behavior in a fixed bed adsorber and successfully simulated experimental adsorption breakthrough behavior under various operation conditions. Efficiency of desorption for 2,4-D and 2,4-DNP was about 80% using distilled water at pH of 6.     

溶剂小分子在嵌段高分子膜中传递性质的研究

通过压电晶体微平衡法 (QCM法 )获得了乙醇、甲苯在由聚乙酸乙烯酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯组成的嵌段共聚物中扩散的实验曲线 ,在由 Voigt蠕变模型和 Flory- Huggins混合模型建立的传递模型基础上 ,通过吸入吸附对扩散的影响 ,得到改进的传递模型 ,用以关联实验曲线 ,结果吻合良好。