A_2O-MBR及ECO组合工艺处理高浓度生活污水的脱氮除磷效果研究

脱氮除磷一直是生活污水处理的难点。A_2O-MBR处理工艺受进水水质碳氮比、进水流量、活性污泥泥龄、环境温度等因素影响较大,导致出水总氮、氨氮、总磷指标不稳定。针对以上问题,探索了A_2O-MBR、ECO组合工艺处理高浓度生活污水的脱氮除磷效果。结果显示该组合工艺对氨氮、总磷去除效果显著,氨氮出水为0.313mg/L,总磷出水为0.25mg/L;出水总氮相对较高为15.2mg/L。通过组合工艺处理,出水氨氮、总氮、总磷均满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级B标要求。     

基于微流控和全光谱的水质快速监测仪器研究

本文介绍了一种水质常规9因子(水质常规五参数、总氮、总磷、氨氮、COD_(UV))快速趋势监测系统,该系统采用微流控技术、毛细管流动快速比色技术,解决氨氮、总磷、总氮标准比色方法监测周期长的缺陷,在实现快速监测的同时确保性能指标达到国家标准分析方法的要求;采用全光谱指纹图谱技术,实现水体有机物的实时监测,通过建立指纹图谱,为水质溯源提供理论基础。同时详细地测试了比色模块、光谱模块的性能指标,均满足实际水样的测试要求。     

水环境检测中总氮和氨氮关系探究

本文分别对生活污水和地表水中的总氮和氨氮进行检测分析,对其检测数据进行统计归纳整理,得出不同水样中总氮和氨氮的关系,同时在不同浓度范围下总氮和氨氮的关系也不相同。     

高级氧化-分光光度法联合测定水中总氮总磷

提出了一种采用物理手段进行氧化消解水样的方法,对总氮总磷国标法中传统的氧化消解方法进行了改进.研究开发了一套集臭氧、紫外光、超声波、高压静放电等高级氧化技术协同的氧化消解装置,并结合分光光度法,实现了对水中总氮总磷的在线连续检测.进行了精密度检验,将检测结果与标准值进行比对,表明其具有较好的准确度.与标准方法相比,该设...     

水质监测中心对污水处理厂运营监管的数据分析及建议

通过两家监测机构(CMA资质)对污水处理厂2020年10月份进出水水质CODCr、氨氮、总磷及总氮四项指标进行监测,在比较差异、分析原因的基础上,对污水处理厂运营提出了一些建议.     

混凝沉淀对污水处理厂二级出水的处理效果

采用混凝沉淀工艺处理污水处理厂二级出水,通过投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚硫氯化铝(PASC)混凝剂,分析混凝沉淀工艺对污水处理厂二级出水浊度、有机物、色度、氨氮、总氮、总磷等指标的去除效果,并找到最佳的处理试剂及投加量。结果表明,混凝沉淀工艺对污水处理厂二级出水浊度、有机物、色度、总磷具有很好的去除效果,氨氮和总氮的去除效果不佳,投加混凝剂会增加二级出水离子含量,导致电导率增加。聚硫氯化铝的混凝效果较聚合氯化铝好,对于有机物、色度等指标,达到相同混凝效果,聚硫氯化铝投加量仅约聚合氯化铝的一半,两者的最佳投加量分别为40 mg/L和80 mg/L。     

混凝沉淀对污水处理厂二级出水的处理效果

采用混凝沉淀工艺处理污水处理厂二级出水,通过投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚硫氯化铝(PASC)混凝剂,分析混凝沉淀工艺对污水处理厂二级出水浊度、有机物、色度、氨氮、总氮、总磷等指标的去除效果,并找到最佳的处理试剂及投加量。结果表明,混凝沉淀工艺对污水处理厂二级出水浊度、有机物、色度、总磷具有很好的去除效果,氨氮和总氮的去除效果不佳,投加混凝剂会增加二级出水离子含量,导致电导率增加。聚硫氯化铝的混凝效果较聚合氯化铝好,对于有机物、色度等指标,达到相同混凝效果,聚硫氯化铝投加量仅约聚合氯化铝的一半,两者的最佳投加量分别为40 mg/L和80 mg/L。     

磁粉投加量对SBR工艺污水处理效果的影响

针对传统SBR工艺污泥絮体结构松散,沉降速率低等问题,实验采用磁化技术处理生活污水。考察磁粉(微米Fe_3O_4)对生活污水处理效果的影响,确定最佳磁粉投加量。结果表明,磁化污泥处理污水的效果要优于普通活性污泥,最佳磁粉投加量为0.5~0.7 g/L,综合考虑经济和处理效果两方面因素,选择磁粉投加量0.5 g/L较为合适。此时平均出水COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别为95.30%、91.48%、70.83%和92.80%,平均出水COD为16.60 mg/L,平均出水氨氮、总氮和总磷浓度分别2.74、10.01、0.53 mg/L,达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB1891-2002)一级标准。     

SKALAR San++连续流动分析仪同时检测水源水中总氮和总磷

实验建立了采用SKALAR San++连续流动分析仪同时检测水源水中总氮和总磷的分析方法,其中总氮方法检出限为0.05 mg/L,纯水加标回收率为94.0%~104%,相对标准偏差RSD为0.0%~0.07%;总磷方法检出限为0.009mg/L,纯水加标回收率为91.0%~106%,相对标准偏差RSD为0.0%~0.7%,均符合工作要求。通过对比分析,该方法较传统手工方法具有明显优势:可以直观图谱查看结果,可以连续监测水源水中总氮和总磷的变化,实现快速检测,对提高水源水质监测预警具有重要意义。     

进水COD浓度对生物流化床工艺去除效果的影响

选择进水COD浓度不同的污水,通过实验,记录在生物流化床工艺中对COD、氨氮、总氮及总磷等污染物的去除效果,研究进水COD浓度对生物流化床工艺污染物去除效果的影响。     

Pilot‐scale Ultrasonic Assisted Cloud Point Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Polluted Water

Abstract

Cloud point extraction (CPE) has been proved to be an efficient and environment‐friendly separation technology for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from polluted water in many related researches. However, its traditional phase separation process, based on throughput‐limited centrifugation or low‐efficient heating, limited the scaling up and continuous operation of CPE process to a large extent. In our previous study, an efficient and easy‐scaling up CPE process, namely ultrasonic assisted cloud point extraction (Us‐CPE), was developed by performing the CPE process in an ultrasonic environment. The introduction of an ultrasonic environment successfully accelerated the phase separation; and due to that the ultrasonic effect was free from throughput limitation, the process was of a good potential in the scaling up and continuous operation. In this paper, a pilot‐scale Us‐CPE process of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene from polluted water was performed in a pilot‐scale extraction column with a volume up to 500 mL, and the treatment was operated continuously with pumps. The steady state time of the continuous system was determined, and the influence of operation parameters including ultrasonic power, temperature, extraction column volume, flow rate, and PAHs initial concentration, were evaluated by determining the PAHs concentrations in the treated water and the corresponding distribution coefficients. Comparing with the batch operation in our previous study, a comparable high performance was able to be obtained by the continuous process in a PAHs initial concentration range lower than 20 mg/L, which means that the continuous process was feasible in the treatment of common PAHs polluted water. And the results that the extractability of the system increased with the ultrasonic power and system volume indicated that a high performance was expectable in a further scaling up process with a higher column volume, given a suitable ultrasonic power.     

超声对合成乙酸正丁酯的影响因素研究

酯化反应是一种常见的有机化学反应,合成的有机酯类被广泛地用作香料,染料和溶剂等。本文在室温下,以浓硫酸为催化剂,考察了有无超声、超声频率、超声声强和氮气通气量等参数对催化合成乙酸正丁酯的影响。实验结果表明,超声在室温下辅助合成乙酸正丁酯也有很好的效果,一系列最优化参数如下:单频条件下,声频率10kHz,输出电压200V,空气通气量0.4L/min;混频条件下,声频率10kHz和30kHz正交辐照,输出电压200V,氮气通气量0.4L/min。     

超声波破解剩余污泥的试验研究

利用超声波对剩余污泥进行破解,采用正交试验方法,选择超声时间、超声频率、超声功率和超声脉冲比作为试验因素,考察各因素对污泥破解效果的影响。选择破解后污泥上清液中溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)、总磷(TP)、氨氮、硝氮、蛋白质、核酸和肽聚糖的质量浓度作为评价指标,分别采用综合平衡法和综合评分法进行分析,结果表明:超声波破解污泥的最佳参数组合为超声时间10 min,超声频率20 kHz,超声功率600 W,超声脉冲比2∶1;所考察的4个因素对污泥破解效果的影响顺序为超声时间>超声脉冲比>超声频率>超声功率;超声时间对肽聚糖质量浓度的影响非常显著,超声频率对肽聚糖质量浓度的影响显著,超声脉冲比对肽聚糖和总磷质量浓度影响显著。     

超声在陶瓷膜处理乳化含油废水中的作用研究

Ultrasonic field was applied in the treatment of oil emulsification wastewater by ZrO2 ceramic mem-brane. The permeate flux, rejection ratio in the filtration process and recovery ratio of flux in the membrane cleaning process were measured. Great improvement in the permeate flux and rejection ratio have been observed for the membrane process enhanced by the ultrasonic field. The permeate flux of water through the membrane was about 210L.m^-2.h^-1 and the oil rejection ratio was over 99.9% under the optimal ultrasonic treatment conditions, which were 8W of ultrasonic power, 7cm of ultrasonic probe length introduced into the membrane channel and the same ultrasonic radiation direction as the wastewater flow. The resistance of the membrane process was compared between the cases with and without ultrasound, and the total resistance was reduced 68% by the use of ultrasound, Four methods including water cleaning, water cleaning under sonication, chemical cleaning and chemical cleaning under sonication were used to recover membrane flux. It was found that the flux recovery ratio increased with the increase of ultrasonic cleaning power. In addition, the use of chemical agents combining with ultrasonic irradiation showed a synergistic effect, which resulted in the highest cleaning efficiency and the shorter cleaning time.     

Liquid–liquid two‐phase flow in ultrasonic microreactors: Cavitation,emulsification, and mass transfer enhancement

The effects of ultrasound on the hydrodynamic and mass transfer behaviors of immiscible liquid–liquid two‐phase flow was investigated in a domestic ultrasonic microreactor. Under ultrasonic irradiation, cavitation bubble was generated and underwent violent oscillation. Emulsification of immiscible phases was initiated by virtue of oscillating bubbles shuttling through the water/oil interface. The pressure drop was found to decrease with increasing ultrasound power, with a maximum decrement ratio of 12% obtained at power 30 W. The mass transfer behavior was characterized by extraction of Rhodamine B from water to 1‐octanol. An enhancement factor of 1.3–2.2 on the overall mass‐transfer coefficient was achieved under sonication. The mass transfer performance was comparable to passive microreactor at similar energy dissipation rate (61–184 W/kg). The extraction equilibrium was reached under a total flow velocity 0.01 m/s and input power 20 and 30 W, exhibiting its potential use in liquid‐liquid extraction process. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1412–1423, 2018     

硫酸浓度对流动注射仪测定总氮的影响

用流动注射仪测定总氮水样,发现用不同的硫酸浓度保存总氮样品时,对其测定结果有一定的影响,并与过硫酸钾氧化-紫外分光光度法进行比对和分析.     

Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Herstellung von Öl/Wasser-Emulsionen im Ultraschallfeld

Basic Research on Ultrasonic Production of Oil-in-Water-Emulsions This article presents basic research results for production of oil in water emulsions under ultrasonic irradiation. A new theoretical model supports experimental work. Special attention is given to the transfer of batch experiments to continuous emulsification processes. Our experimental findings prove that final drop size essentially depends on specific power density. Drop size decreases with increasing residence time in the ultrasonic field until a system specific, minimum drop size is obtained. Ultrasonic irradiation leads to turbulent flow conditions on a macroscopic and a microscopic scale. Our model based on the theory of turbulent drop break up predicts drop size and can be used to design equipment for ultrasonic emulsification.     

低强度超声波对短程硝化污泥的影响

以周期性超声辐照的污泥为研究对象，在序批式反应器（SBR）中开展超声波对短程硝化效果的研究，并进一步研究超声波对酶活性、脱氮速率、胞外聚合物的影响。结果表明，0.1~0.7W/mL的超声波均可促进短程硝化，最高亚硝酸盐积累率（NAR）达98.21%。超声波通过强化氨单加氧酶（AMO）活性，抑制亚硝酸盐氧化酶（NXR）活性促进短程硝化，AMO活性最高同比增长63.84%，NXR活性最高下降89.03%。比脱氮速率、反应器脱氮速率并不完全与酶活性变化趋势一致，AOB关键酶活性仅与比氨氧化速率（SAOR）变化一致，而NOB关键酶活性与反应器亚硝酸盐氧化速率（NOR）一致，超声波引起的污泥减少对AOB菌群数量的负面影响大于NOB。周期性超声后，污泥EPS的总量随声能密度先增加后减少，超声波对LB-EPS的剥离大于TB-EPS，对多糖的剥离大于蛋白质，较高的声能密度会造成蛋白质的积累。     

水中总氮测定方法的研究进展

近年来,总氮作为水体环境质量的重要指标之一,受到越来越多的重视。总结了近年来水中总氮的测定方法,并介绍了各种方法的原理、检测特点及应用前景。总结分析表明,紫外分光光度法仍是目前国内常用的水中总氮测定方法;高温氧化-化学发光检测法适用于污染较重的高浓度总氮样品的测定;离子色谱法能同时测定水中多种阴离子,可满足多样化测定的要求;气相分子吸收光谱法、连续流动分析法在水中总氮测定方面发展迅速,受到广泛关注。