广州地区三种小型猪血液生理生化指标的比较

目的比较广州地区西藏小型猪、五指山小型猪和巴马小型猪血液生理生化指标的差异。方法全自动血液细胞和生化分析仪测定24个血液生理生化指标。结果 24个指标中,血红蛋白、白细胞、单核细胞、血细胞比容、葡萄糖指标的测定差异显著;淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、平均红细胞容积、平均红细胞血红蛋白、血清总蛋白、血清清蛋白、血尿素氮、血肌酐指标的测定差异极显著。其中血红蛋白、血细胞比容、平均红细胞容积、平均红细胞血红蛋白、血清总蛋白、血清清蛋白、血尿素氮、血肌酐指标以西藏小型猪最高,白细胞、淋巴细胞指标以五指山小型猪最高,而中性粒细胞、单核细胞、葡萄糖指标以巴马小型猪最高。结论三种小型猪血液生理生化指标的比较,为建立小型猪生物学特性数据库提供了理论依据。     

非冬眠期刺猬血液生理生化指标季节变化

目的了解刺猬的血液生理生化参数正常值及其季节性差异。方法采用BC-3000 Plus全自动血液细胞分析仪和BAYER-ADVIA-1650全自动生化分析仪,分别对刺猬的13项生理指标和15项生化指标进行了测定,并比较分析了春季、夏季和秋季的血液生理生化指标。结果刺猬雌体和雄体的平均红细胞体积（MCV）在夏季均显著小于秋季,雄体夏季的平均红细胞血红蛋白（MCH）小于秋季,说明刺猬秋季的血液载氧能力高于夏季。白细胞数目（WBC）没有季节和性别的显著差异,说明刺猬在三个季节的免疫能力差别不大。在血液生化指标中,刺猬（雌雄）春季和秋季的葡萄糖（GLU）含量均显著高于夏季;雌性刺猬春季的谷草转氨酶（AST）显著大于夏季和秋季;雄性刺猬的总胆固醇（CHOL）和低密度脂蛋白（LDLC）均表现为秋季的显著高于春季和夏季的。结论生理生化指标的不同反映了刺猬在活动能力、代谢水平、营养状况、健康状况等方面存在性别和季节性差异。     

青壳鸡蛋与褐壳鸡蛋品质及营养成分比较分析

为了比较青壳鸡蛋和褐壳鸡蛋品质的差异,以苏禽青壳蛋鸡和海兰褐壳蛋鸡2个鸡种为试验素材,采用笼养饲养方式,测定苏禽青壳蛋鸡和海兰褐壳蛋鸡鸡蛋的常规蛋品质和营养成分含量。结果表明：在常规蛋品质方面,苏禽青壳蛋鸡鸡蛋的哈氏单位和蛋黄色泽极显著高于海兰褐蛋鸡鸡蛋（P＜0.01）,蛋黄比率显著高于海兰褐蛋鸡鸡蛋（P＜0.05）,蛋重极显著小于海兰褐蛋鸡鸡蛋（P＜0.01）,蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度差异不显著。在营养成分方面,苏禽青壳蛋鸡鸡蛋的干物质、脂肪、胆固醇和卵磷脂含量均极显著高于海兰褐蛋鸡鸡蛋（P＜0.01）,蛋白质和氨基酸含量差异不显著。钙、镁、铜含量两者差异不显著,但苏禽青壳蛋鸡鸡蛋的铁、锌、锰、硒、磷含量均极显著高于海兰褐蛋鸡鸡蛋（P＜0.01）,可见鸡种对鸡蛋常规品质和营养成分均具有一定的影响。     

绿色荧光裸鼠血液生理生化指标检测分析

目的检测绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescenc eprotein,GFP）转基因裸鼠血液生理生化指标,为将来的研究提供基础参考值。方法实验选用6～8周GFP转基因裸鼠及对照组BABL／C裸鼠雌雄各30只,取血测定血生化和血常规指标。结果①GFP转基因裸鼠与对照组BABL／C裸鼠比较,白细胞总数（WBC）、尿素（URE）、平均血红蛋浓度（MCHC）、葡萄糖（GLU）差异极显著（P〈0．01）;血红蛋白（HGB）、红细胞分布宽度（RDW）、血小板计数（PLT）、尿酸（uA）差异显著（P〈0．05）,其它指标差异不显著。②GFP转基因裸鼠雌雄间比较,红细胞分布宽度（RDW）、平均血红蛋白含量（MCH）、平均血红蛋浓度（MCHC）、血小板计数（PLT）、球蛋白（G）、胆固醇（TC）、HDL-胆固醇（HDL—TC）差异极显著（P〈0．01）,白蛋白（ALB）、葡萄糖（GLU）差异显著（P〈0．05）,其它指标差异不显著。结论转基因GFP转基因裸鼠的生理生化指标值在雄雌间有一定的差异,为相关的生物医学研究提供了基础数据。     

清洁级、SPF级SD大鼠血液生理、生化测定与比较

目的 测定清洁级、SPF级SD大鼠血液生理、生化指标并进行比较,了解不同环境SD大鼠血液生理、生化指标的差异.方法 利用法国产BASIC半自动血液生化分析仪和意大利产HS-18全自动血球计数仪对不同环境SD大鼠10项血液生化值和18项血液常规值进行测定.结果 清洁级、SPF级SD大鼠葡萄糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(TC)、白细胞(WBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、血小板(PLT)、血小板比积(PCT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)比较有非常显著差异;丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、红细胞(RBC)比较有极显著差异;红细胞比积(HCT)比较有显著差异.结论 不同环境对SD大鼠血液生理、生化测定结果有较大影响.     

大(狂鸟)和长耳鸮的部分血液生理生化指标及血细胞的显微结构观察

为了解大（狂鸟）（Buteohemilasius）、长耳鸮（Asiootus）的血象、血液生理生化参数正常值及血细胞的形态特征,为其健康检测和保护提供参考资料,采用纽巴氏法、沙利氏比色法、离心法、瑞士染色等方法检测了大（狂鸟）和长耳鸮的血象,利用全自动血液生物化学分析仪测定了两种鸟的19项血液生化指标,利用生物显微技术对其血细胞进行观察。结果表明：大（狂鸟）的红细胞数量、红细胞压积、红细胞分布宽度、血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、嗜酸性粒细胞数量、淋巴细胞数量、白细胞数量及凝血细胞数量均高于长耳鸮,而其他指标均低于长耳鸮;其中,红细胞平均体积在两种鸟类间存在极显著性差异（P〈0.01）,其他均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。在生理生化检测中,大（狂鸟）的谷草转氨酶、总蛋白含量、白蛋白含量、球蛋白含量、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和葡萄糖含量均高于长耳鸮,且大（狂鸟）的无机离子中的钠和氯离子浓度也高于长耳鸮,而其他指标均低于长耳鸮,其中谷丙转氨酶和肌酐具有极显著性差异（P〈0.01）,尿酸和葡萄糖具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,其他指标均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。大（狂鸟）和长耳鸮的血细胞形态相似。种属不同及生活习性的差异可能是导致这两种鸟类血液生理常值差别及显微结构差异的主要原因,而采样时的机体状况、营养状况及测试操作方法也有一定的影响。     

昆仑山北坡不同海拔塔里木沙拐枣的光合生理生态特性

在2008年7月25日-8月6日的连续晴天中,选择昆仑山北坡塔里木沙拐枣自然分布区3个海拔高度(2100,2300,2500m),利用便携式光合测定仪LI-6400测定塔里木沙拐枣的光合生理生态特性。结果表明:2100m处塔里木沙拐枣的光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)与2300m,2500m处差异分别达到显著,而3者间的最大净光合速率(P_max)差异均达显著。表观量子效率(AQY)在3个海拔之间差异均不显著,但在2100m处的羧化效率(CE)分别与2300m和2500m处的差异显著。相同海拔下塔里木沙拐枣的暗呼吸速率值(R_day)要高于光呼吸速率值(R_p),且2500m处的暗呼吸速率分别与2100m和2300m处的有显著的差异,2100m处的光呼吸速率分别与2300m和2500m差异显著。3个海拔塔里木沙拐枣的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和气孔导度(G_s)的日变化均为单峰曲线。随着海拔的升高,塔里木沙拐枣P_n,T_r,G_s和L_s的日均值降低,但光能利用率(LUE)和水分利用效率(WUE)却显著增加。塔里木沙拐枣的P_n与叶温(T_l)、大气温度(T_a)和光照强度(PPFD)具有极显著的正相关关系,与海拔呈显著负相关,与空气相对湿度(RH)和大气CO₂浓度(C_a)之间均不具有显著相关性。T_r与T_a,T_l和PPFD具有极显著的正相关性,与RH之间存在显著的负相关。G_s只与C_a之间呈极显著的负相关。P_n与T_r,L_s,G_s,WUE和V_pdl分别具有极显著的正相关性,与C_i呈极显著的负相关。通过对不同海拔高度塔里木沙拐枣光合生理参数与光、温等生态因子关系的对比分析表明:塔里木沙拐枣对山地荒漠草地自然环境变化的温度和光照有很好的生态适应性。     

海南鳽部分血液生理生化指标

应用血球分析仪和全自动生化分析仪测定了海南鳽的7项血液生理指标和33项血清生化指标.结果显示:海南鳽像兀鹫一样具有大型的红细胞,与已报道的白鹭、池鹭、夜鹭、彩鹳、石鸡等几种鸟类相比,其平均红细胞体积(MCV)和平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)较高,红细胞计数(RBC)、红细胞压积(HCT)和血红蛋白浓度(HGB)均较低;尿素(Urea)含量较高.有关红细胞的生理指标揭示了海南鳽的血液携氧能力较低.生化指标与其他鸟类的差异可能是由物种不同所致.     

青霉酸对尼西鸡的毒性作用

采用人工染毒的方法,观察或检测了青霉酸（penicillic acid）中毒60d内尼西鸡的病理组织变化、血液生理生化指标、血清酶活性和青霉酸在脏器中的残留量。结果表明：（1）青霉酸中毒尼西鸡的主要病理变化是肝细胞脂肪变性、肾小管上皮细胞浊肿、心肌细胞颗粒变性;（2）红细胞平均压积（MCV）和红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）显著低于对照组;而谷丙转氨酶（SGPT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和碱性磷酸酶（AKP）等血清酶活性显著高于对照组;（3）青霉酸在各脏器中含量分布依次为肝＞肾＞心,表明青霉酸的分布与各脏器的病变程度具有相关性,肝脏是青霉酸作用的靶器官。其结果为家禽青霉酸中毒疾病的防治和青霉酸的中毒机理提供了科学依据。     

棕色田鼠血液生理生化指标的测定

报道了棕色田鼠指名亚种的正常血象值及几项血液生化值。结果表明,各项备注学和血液生化学参数值在成年个体间无性别差异（附红细胞数、血红蛋白浓度、红细胞压积外,但此三项指标尚未达到极显著差异水平）。与其它仓鼠科动物的血液生理生化参数值相比较,棕色田鼠除红细胞数、血红蛋白浓度及中性粒细胞略低外,其它各项参数虽有差异,但均无统计学意义。     

Possible recovery from an acute envenomation in male rats with LD50 of Echis coloratus crude venom: I-A seven days hematological follow-up study

The effect of an acute LD₅₀ dose of Echis coloratus crude venom in male albino rats was tested on blood parameters: white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), platelets count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), also serum glucose, total protein, triglycerides with alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme activities. The effect of the LD₅₀ dose was monitored over a period of seven days, with time intervals of 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 72 h. All of the tested parameters show fluctuations with time and with tendency to regain normal control level after 12 h. At 12–24 h it seems to be crucial for the process of physiological recovery, in spite of the irreversible damage and tissue distraction. The process of physiological adaptation and recovery from the lethal destructive venom effect seems to stabilize after one week, leaving the animal alive with several biochemical altered metabolisms and disturbed physiological profile.     

Age, sexual and seasonal differences of haematological values and antibody status to Chlamydophila sp. in feral and racing pigeons (Columba livia forma domestica) from an urban environment (Zagreb, Croatia)

The aim of this study was to determine the basic haematological parameters in feral and racing pigeons and to compare these parameters according to age, sex and season in healthy feral pigeons as well as between Chlamydophila-serologically positive and negative feral pigeons. Red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood count (WBC), thrombocyte count and differential WBC, were determined in 366 pigeons (Columba livia forma domestica) captured in the City of Zagreb between 1999 and 2002. Of these, 232 feral (179 adult and 53 juvenile, 104 male and 75 female) and 57 racing pigeons (25 male and 32 female) were clinically healthy and bacteriologically and serologically negative, but 77 birds had antibody titres against Chlamydophila sp. Significantly lower values of RBC, PCV, Hb, MCH, WBC and thrombocyte (P<0.05) were observed in young compared to adult pigeons, while the differences in MCV and MCH were not significant between age classes. In differential WBC of young pigeons, a significantly higher percentage of heterophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes and a significantly smaller percentage of lymphocytes (P<0.01) was found than in adult pigeons. Significant sex-related differences were seen only in MCV values and in the percentage of lymphocytes (higher in females) and neutrophils (higher in males). PCV, Hb, MCV and MCH increased, while WBC decreased during wintertime (P<0.05). In differential WBC, percentage of heterophils was low in summer and autumn. At the same time, a higher percentage of basophils was found. Low numbers of monocytes were found in summer and low values of eosinophils in winter. In racing pigeons, values of eosinophils and basophils were significantly lower than in feral pigeons. Pigeons which had antibodies against Chlamydophila sp. possessed a higher percentage of monocytes and less lymphocytes than sero-negative animals, while WBC was significant lower than in sero-negative feral pigeons.     

Effects of 4-nonylphenol on blood cells of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

In the present work, the destructive effects of the 4-nonylphenol on one of the most economically important Nile fishes, namely African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were studied. Apoptosis, erythrocytes alterations, micronucleus test and blood parameters count were used as biological indicators to detect those effects. After exposure to sublethal concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (0, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1 mg/l), apoptotic red blood cells with many malformations and micronucleated erythrocytes were recorded. Decrease in the blood parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), package cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets, white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes and increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), neutrophils, eosinophils indicated the negative effects of 4-nonylphenol. It was concluded that, the 4-nonylphenol caused genotoxicity in erythrocytes with many malformations in shape and number indicated with other blood parameters.     

Mutagenic and physiological responses in the juveniles of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) following short term exposure to praziquantel

Praziquantel (PZQ) is an acylated quinoline-pyrazine originally developed for veterinary application but now one of the most used anti-helminthic drugs for treatment of certain trematodes and cestodes in both human and other animals. The present study investigated the mutagenic and physiological responses in the juveniles of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus following short term exposure to praziquantel. Based on the 53.52 mg/l 96 h LC₅₀ of PZQ obtained, two sublethal concentrations of 5.35 and 10.70 mg/l of the drug were selected and fish were exposed to these concentrations and control for 15 days. Micronuclei induction in the peripheral blood of PZQ-exposed fish was highest on day 10 but the fish morphological parameters were not affected. The packed cell volume (PCV) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) from day 5 while red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) significantly declined (p < 0.05) on day 15. Macrocytic anemia was observed on day 1 of study and thereafter microcytic anemia developed on day 5 of study. The white blood cell (WBC) was significantly (p < 0.05) elevated from day 10 of exposure while values of mean cellular volume (MCV), mean cellular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the control. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glucose levels significantly increased while protein reduced (p < 0.05) throughout the exposure period but a mixed trend was observed in the leukocyte differentials. PZQ should be used with caution as sublethal exposure elicited micronucleus induction and alterations of hematological and biochemical parameters in the fish.     

Seasonal changes in the red blood cell system in the European bison, Bison bonasus L

1. In 195 European bisons divided into four groups (Group 1, 0-3 year-old males; Group 2, 0-3 year-old females; Group 3, mature bulls, over 3 years old; Group 4, mature cows, over 3 years old) seasonal changes in red blood cell number and diameter, haemoglobin level, haematocrit value, index F, MCH, MCHC and MCV were studied. 2. Seasonal cyclicity was found only in red blood cell diameters in all groups. 3. In young males the cyclicity was found in MCHC and in MCV only. 4. In young females the cyclicity was found in Hb and Hct values, in MCH and in MCV. 5. In mature bulls cyclicity was found only in RBC diameter and in MCV. 6. In mature cows the cyclicity was found in index F, MCH and in MCHC values. 7. Seven out of 14 acrophases of cyclic indices occurred just before autumnal equinox and three before vernal equinox.     

石鸡属鸟类研究现状

石鸡属(Alectoris,Kaup 1829)鸟类隶属鸟纲,鸡形目(Galliformes),雉科(Phasianidae),全世界共有7种石鸡属鸟类。综合分类、生理生化、生态学、系统地理学和遗传学等方面的内容对石鸡属鸟类的研究历史进行了回顾和总结,侧重介绍了我国学者在石鸡属鸟类方面的研究。提出了石鸡属鸟类今后研究的方向。     

Changes in hematological parameters in free-living pigeons (Columba livia f. urbana) during the breeding cycle

The blood parameters—red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)—were studied for the first time in free ranging pigeons Columba livia f. urbana. The aim of the study was to establish a set of reference values for this ubiquitous urban species and to examine a potential influence of the factors such as sex and phase of the breeding cycle on the hematological parameters. Blood was sampled from the adult individuals of both sexes during the breeding cycle. Significant variations in Ht and Hb were observed, while RBC count remained unchanged. The lower hematocrit value and hemoglobin concentration found in both males and females during molt probably resulted from the increase of plasma volume not accompanied by an increase in RBC. On the other hand, a significant physiological stress of nutritional deficiency during this energy-consuming stage may manifest itself in the decreased Ht and Hb values. The higher values of Ht and Hb during the laying phase could be related to the dehydration status. There were no overall differences in MCV, MCH, and MCHC values in either of the breeding stage. A lack of sex dimorphism in the measured and calculated blood parameters was apparent. Data collected herein contribute to the better understanding of general physiology of the ubiquitous urban species. The knowledge of variation in the blood indexes with respect to sex and breeding stage is crucial before blood parameters can provide an useful information on physical condition of the bird.     

东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡遗传多样性及系统发育地位

东帕米尔高原作为生物多样性丰富的区域之一,喜马拉雅雪鸡和藏雪鸡在此混群分布。以东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡为研究对象,采用PCR和测序技术,研究了mt DNA D-loop区序列特征,下载Gen Bank已提交的雪鸡序列,利用最大似然法构建系统发育树和中介网络关系,以阐明东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡遗传多样性水平和系统进化地位。结果表明:东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡mt DNA D-loop序列富含A、T碱基,含量为59.8%,存在64个多态位点,占核苷酸总数的5.5%,其中单一多态位点29个,简约信息位点33个,两处插入或缺失,转换发生的频率远远高于颠换;25个个体存在23种单倍型,平均单倍型多样度(Hd)为0.92±0.0001,平均核苷酸多样度(π)为0.00958,平均核苷酸差异度(K)为11.067,说明东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡核苷酸多样性较低,单倍型多样性高,具有较为丰富的遗传多样性;系统发育分析显示喜马拉雅雪鸡与藏雪鸡分为明显的两大簇群,本研究涉及的东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡出现遗传分化,呈现明显的2个进化支;中介网络关系分析显示雪鸡具有明显的地理分布特征,本研究雪鸡84%的单倍型聚在以东帕米尔高原为中心的进化支上。因此,建议扩大塔什库尔干野生动物自然保护区(位于东帕米尔高原境内)范围,建立国家级自然保护区,恢复生态环境,以提高雪鸡栖息地的生存适宜性。     

Haematological and serum biochemical responses of chickens to hydric stress

Dehydration can be extremely damaging to the performance and welfare of indigenous chickens. The effect of water restriction on haematological and biochemical parameters was compared in Naked Neck (NNK) and Ovambo (OVB) chickens. A total of 54 8-week-old pullets each of NNK and OVB chickens with an initial average weight of 641 ± 10 g/bird were randomly assigned to three water intake treatments with three replications, each having six birds. The water restriction treatments were ad libitum, 70% and 40% of ad libitum intake. Nine experimental pens with a floor space of 3.3 m² per strain were used. Feed was provided ad libitum. Packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and total leucocyte count (WBC), and biochemical parameters (uric acid (UA)), creatinine (CREAT), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLOB), triglyceride (TGA), total cholesterol (TC), high- (HDLC) and low- (LDLC) density lipoprotein cholesterol and activity of alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were determined from blood collected after 60 days of water restriction. PCV was higher (P < 0.05) in NNK than OVB chickens offered water ad libitum, but similar in birds offered 70% and 40% of ad libitum. There were no differences in RBC and MCV values between strains, but MCV was higher in birds on 40% than 70% of ad libitum water intake, irrespective of strain. Naked neck chickens had higher (P < 0.05) WBC values than OVB at 40% restriction level, but lower WBC than OVB at 70% water restriction level. UA, CREAT, TGA, TC, LDLC, TP and GLOB increased (P < 0.05) with each increment in water restriction, but the increase in CREAT and TC was more pronounced in OVB than NNK chickens. The opposite was observed for UA. ALT activity indicated that liver function was not affected by water restriction. It was concluded that the two strains can withstand up to 40% of ad libitum water restriction, but NNK tolerated water stress better than OVB chickens.