肝炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤1例

患者,女,40岁。偶感右上腹部隐痛3个月,近1个月活动后胸闷气短,休息后缓解,于2005年2月20日入院。体检：T37．4℃,皮肤黏膜无黄染,右上腹饱满,无腹壁静脉曲张。右肋下肝脏饱满,触及直径约10cm的肿物,质地中等,轻度压痛,随呼吸上下移动。脾未触及,无移动性浊音。[第一段]     

腹腔脏器炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的临床病理观察

目的探讨腹腔脏器炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(inflammatorymyofibroblastictumor,IMT)的临床病理特征、组织发生和预后。方法分析10例IMT的临床病理学资料,所有病例行HE染色和免疫组化染色。结果腹腔脏器IMT的组织学分为三型:(1)黏液样-血管型,(2)梭型细胞密集型,(3)少细胞纤维瘢痕型。肿瘤细胞表达vimentin、SMA、MSA、CKpan和ALK,其阳性率分别为100%、90%、90%、60%和20%。10例IMT中有5例做了根治性切除术,另有5例单纯肿瘤切除,随访无1例复发。结论腹腔脏器IMT易被临床医师误诊为晚期癌。免疫组化表型是该肿瘤与其他软组织肿瘤鉴别的重要依据。腹腔脏器IMT一般具有良性病变的生物学行为,根治性手术可能治愈。     

脑膜炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤一例

患者女,41岁。因头晕,双下肢乏力3个月于2005年7月17日入院诊治。体检：神清,肌力正常,无明显病理体征。MRI示后颅窝小脑蚓部战友位性病变,结合病史,考虑为室管膜瘤和胶质瘤可能性大,     

软组织炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤1例报道及文献复习

患者女，26岁。右膝上方感到酸痛肿胀2个月就诊。查体：右膝关节上方偏内侧，局部肿胀，表面无红肿，深部可触及直径4cm的肿块，边界欠清，不活动，余未见明显异常。CT及MRI提示软组织良性肿瘤，但不排除低度恶性肉瘤。ECT显示肿瘤内血运丰富，提示肌间血管瘤。彩超检查提示软组织肉瘤。局部肿块穿刺，抽出不凝固血液，涂片检查，未见异型细胞。而后行肿块扩大切除。     

21例炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的超声表现分析

目的探讨炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(IMT)的超声表现,旨在提高对其诊断水平。方法回顾性分析21例经手术病理组织证实的IMT患者超声图像,其中男性13例,女性8例;年龄0.5~76.0岁,平均年龄45.1岁。分析病变的发生部位、大小、形态、边界、内部回声、血流信号及有无转移等特点。仅有5例腹腔IMT和2例盆腔IMT进行增强CT检查,余14例只做了超声检查。结果位于腹腔7例,位于盆腔4例,位于泌尿道2例,位于前臂、颈部、甲状腺、眼眶、阴囊、腹股沟、锁骨下、小腿各1例。13例瘤体最大径5 cm,8例瘤体最大径5 cm。14例瘤体边界清楚,7例瘤体边界不清楚。15例瘤体为低回声,6例为囊实混合回声。14例瘤体血流信号不丰富,7例血流信号丰富。仅1例IMT发生腹腔大网膜多发转移,余20例IMT未发现转移灶。免疫组织化学检测显示:肿瘤细胞表达Vimentin、SMA、MSA、Desmin,其阳性率分别为100%(21/21)、100%(21/21)、100%(21/21)、47.6%(10/21)。结论超声检查能清楚显示IMT的部位、大小、形态、边界、内部回声、血流信号及其有无转移等,但超声图的表现无特异性,确诊仍依赖病理学及免疫组织化学检查。     

胃炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤临床病理分析

目的:探讨胃炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,GIMT)的临床病理特征、诊断与鉴别诊断.方法:对2例GIMT进行临床病理分析及免疫组织化学研究,并复习相关文献.结果:例1患者为女性,72岁,临床表现为上腹不适,胃镜见靠近胃体前壁息肉状肿块突向胃腔,行胃次全切除术及毕罗Ⅰ式重建.例2,男性,43岁,主诉左上腹痛,CT扫描显示胃-食管交界区黏膜下广基或透壁性新生物.两例患者临床分别诊断为胃肠间质瘤及胃癌,而术后病理却证实为GIMT.大体所见:灰白色结节状肿物边界不清,质地不均,表面被覆完整黏膜.镜下显示肿瘤由密集的梭形细胞和大量的慢性炎细胞组成.这些梭形细胞呈束状或席纹状排列,胞质空泛或淡嗜酸性,核呈卵圆形,具有模糊的核仁,核分裂象难以见到;而浸润于黏液样基质中的炎性细胞主要由淋巴细胞、浆细胞组成,部分区域形成淋巴滤泡,类似于炎性或反应性病变.免疫组织化学显示肿瘤细胞弥漫表达vimentin和h-caldesmon,部分表达间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinease,ALK),不表达CD34,CD117及desmin.两例经随访4～6个月均未见肿瘤复发及转移.结论:GIMT是一种罕见的具有独特病理改变的纤维性病变,易与胃肠间质瘤、平滑肌瘤等混淆.     

miR-21 与 antimiR-21 在胰腺癌化疗中的作用简

胰腺癌发展恶化极快,加上非常容易产生化学治疗耐受,因此治疗颇为棘手。近年来发现这些均与microRNA（miR）-21高表达有关。antimiR-21是miR-21的抑制剂,含有与miR-21互补的核苷酸序列,与miR-21杂交使miR-21无功能从而达到治疗效果。文章阐述了miR-21在胰腺癌恶化中的作用机制及应对方案;在超声靶向破坏微泡技术（UTMD）的助推下荷药载体特异性大量进入胰腺癌细胞．实现靶向递送药物的目的,在简要综述的基础上对发展前景做一展望。     

胎儿脑中线结构异常的产前超声诊断简

目的探讨产前常规超声检查对胎儿脑中线结构异常的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析经常规超声检查怀疑有脑中线结构异常的胎儿178例,孕妇年龄19-43岁,平均年龄30．7岁,孕周14-38周。平均孕周28．4周。所有胎儿均经腹扫查．应用二维或三维超声扫查模式．总结并归纳其声像图特征。超声怀疑有脑中线结构异常的胎儿可行MRI检查或染色体检查,经生后随访或尸检证实超声检查结果。计算超声和MRI诊断胎儿脑中线结构异常的阳性预测值,采用卡方检验进行统计学分析。结果产前超声诊断胎儿脑中线结构异常178例,其中前脑无裂畸形27例,胼胝体发育不全53例,单纯透明隔腔缺如2例．Dandy-Walker畸形9例,小脑蚓部发育不良14例,巨大枕大池73例。178例胎儿失访9例．经生后随访或尸检证实的169例胎儿中,真阳性数为145例;178例胎儿中共有73例接受MRI检查,阳性60例,其中真阳性数为53例;超声和MRI诊断胎儿脑中线结构异常的阳性预测值分别为85．8％及88-3％．二者间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论超声检查安全有效．方便省时,对胎儿脑中线结构异常确诊率较高．是产前筛查胎儿脑中线结构异常的可靠方法。     

超声造影在甲状腺结节诊断中的应用价值简

甲状腺结节在临床上检出率逐渐升高,超声检查作为甲状腺结节的首选影像学方法,有时并不能完全区别其良恶性,超声造影在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别方面有一定的价值,文章就超声造影在甲状腺结节中的不同表现,即甲状腺结节增强模式、甲状腺结节在造影前后大小变化情况、时间强度曲线分析结果、甲状腺结节超声造影与微血管密度的关系、超声造影引导下甲状腺结节的细针穿刺．超声造影在甲状腺结节射频消融中的作用作一综述。     

胃炎性肌纤维母细胞肿瘤的临床病理观察

目的探讨胃炎性肌纤维母细胞肿瘤(inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,IMT)的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法对4例胃IMT进行免疫组化和原位杂交检测,并复习相关文献。结果 4例胃IMT中男性2例,女性2例,年龄21~51岁,肿瘤直径1.5~6.5 cm。镜下见肿瘤由多少不等的梭形肿瘤细胞及淋巴细胞、浆细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞构成,伴有黏液样或胶原化间质,甚至可出现钙化及骨化。大部分肿瘤细胞形态温和,部分细胞轻度不典型性,核分裂象1~2个/10 HPF。免疫表型:4例SMA均阳性,2例ALK阳性,1例CD34局灶阳性,S-100、desmin、CD68、CD117和DOG1均阴性。4例胃IMT患者随访24~66个月,均无复发及转移。结论胃IMT是一种比较少见的具有独特病理学改变的交界性肿瘤,需与多种梭形细胞肿瘤相鉴别,少数病例具有复发倾向及恶变潜能。     

Inflammatory pseudotumor (inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor) of the mitral valve of the heart

We report a rare case of inflammatory pseudotumor/inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IPT/IMT) of the heart, involving the mitral valve. A 58‐year‐old woman presenting with dyspnea was immediately admitted to the hospital, and found to have congestive heart failure due to the invagination of a tumor‐like mass of the mitral valve. This mass arose from and involved almost the entire posterior leaflet of the mitral valve and occupied almost the entire mitral valve orifice. The tumor was a yellowish‐white well‐circumscribed mass with a smooth surface. The excised mass was 3.0 × 2.3 × 1.8 cm, and consisted of abundant Sudan III‐positive foam cells, histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and loosely arrayed spindle cells, in vascular‐rich fibrous tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed that the spindle cells were positive for vimentin and α‐smooth muscle actin, and negative for desmin, CD34, and human muscle actin (HHF‐35), suggesting they were myofibroblastic cells. The plasma cells and lymphocytes showed no monoclonality. There were few mitotic cells, and, except for the lymphocytes, few Ki‐67‐positive cells. The findings suggested IPT/IMT. The 39 cardiac IPT/IMT cases appearing in the English‐language literature are discussed.     

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory pseudotumor) of the breast

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lung has often been reported but extrapulmonary cases are rare. Here we describe a case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the breast in a 60-year-old woman. This is only the eleventh case reported in the English language literature. The patient was free of disease 85 months after surgery.     

A rare case of pulmonary cryptococcal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology

In a recent outbreak in British Columbia (BC), Canada, Cryptococcus gattii, a rare species of Cryptococcus, was noted to affect primarily immunocompetent hosts and cause limited pulmonary or CNS disease. We herein report a rare case of a pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor caused by a Cryptococcus infection, presumed to be of the gattii species, in a 20‐year‐old immunocompetent college student from Vancouver, BC who presented with a large lung mass. The diagnosis was first made on the fine needle aspirate (FNA) material and was confirmed on the concurrent histologic core biopsy. Cryptococcal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors have been reported, but neither in the lung nor in the setting of an immunocompetent host. Pulmonary cryptococcosis should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of a lung mass, even in an immunocompetent host, especially if the clinical history reveals recent travel to British Columbia where Cryptococcus gattii is endemic. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the uterus with prominent myxoid change

A surgical case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor arising in the uterine corpus and exhibiting prominent myxoid change of the stroma is reported. The patient was a 63-year-old woman with a large tumor mass that filled the uterine cavity and measured 11 cm in maximal dimension. The tumor had a gelatinous appearance and consisted of a loose proliferation of stellate or polygonal cells on a myxomatous background. Fascicular proliferation of spindle cells was also observed focally, and a chronic inflammatory cell infiltration was seen in many areas. Tumor cells had mild atypism and were immunoreactive for vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Focal immunoreactivity for high-molecular-weight caldesmon (h-caldesmon) was also noted. The patient has been free from recurrence for 8 months. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the uterus occasionally shows prominent myxoid change of the stroma, and differentiation from myxoid leiomyosarcoma is problematic in these cases. Based on the immunoreactivity of tumor cells for ALK and h-caldesmon, the present tumor was considered inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor showing a focal phenotypic transition from myofibroblasts to smooth muscle cells.     

Cytology of fine‐needle aspiration of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (IMT) is a rare spindle cell neoplasm with a relatively indolent course. Its morphology may be confused with both reactive processes and/or malignant neoplasms on FNA specimens. Herein we discuss the cytologic features and IHC studies of IMT. The archives of the Department of Pathology at the Johns Hopkins Hospital were searched for IMT. A total of 257 cases were identified over a period of 11 years. Among them, 20 cases had cytology material. The patients' ages ranged from 7 to 81 years old with a median age of 54 years. The locations of the tumor in descending order were: liver (9/20, 45%), lung (8/20, 40%), abdomen (1/20, 5%), pelvis (1/20, 5%), and kidney (1/20, 5%). On FNA, the majority of tumors consisted of bland spindle cells with oval nuclei and small prominent nucleoli in a background of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Focal cytological atypia and “ganglion‐like” cells were identified in 7 cases, likely related to the risk of metastases and malignant transformation. The lesional cells expressed ALK (8/17, 47.1%) and actin (10/10, 100%), but with variable expression of cytokeratin. Ki‐67 showed low proliferative indices. ALK gene rearrangement was detected by FISH in three out of three cases and correlated with ALK protein expression by IHC. The cytologic diagnosis of IMT is challenging. When encountering a spindle cell lesion with prominent inflammatory component, a high index of suspicion in combination with the use of ancillary studies increases the diagnostic yield of IMT. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.