共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
以聚乙二醇为增塑剂,采用熔融纺丝-拉伸法制备了具有海绵状孔结构的二醋酸纤维素(CA)中空纤维均质膜。通过场发射扫面电子显微镜、纯水通量、泡点孔径、孔隙率及力学性能测试讨论了成孔剂含量和拉伸条件对CA中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,随拉伸倍数和成孔剂含量提高,膜内外表面孔径均增大,孔隙率提高,通透性改善。随成孔剂含量提高,中空纤维膜断裂强度和断裂伸长率均降低;随拉伸倍数提高,中空纤维膜断裂强度提高而断裂伸长率降低。当成孔剂含量为55%,拉伸倍数为2.25时,所得膜性能较好,膜纯水通量为186.44 L/(m2·h),断裂强度为5.47MPa,断裂伸长率为5.30%。 相似文献
4.
熔纺聚氨酯系中空纤维膜的压力响应性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
经熔体纺丝制得聚氨酯系中空纤维膜,对纤维膜的微孔结构及其压力响应性能进行了研究,并分析了影响纤维膜压力记忆效应的因素。结果表明,所得纤维膜具有界面及非界面微孔结构;随着水通量工作压力的变化,膜孔结构发生相应变化,表现出压力响应性能;经多次测量后,纤维膜压力记忆效应稳定。 相似文献
5.
PVDF疏水中空纤维膜与组件对真空膜蒸馏性能的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用高孔隙率的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维疏水膜进行真空膜蒸馏(VMD)脱盐实验.在真空度0.095MPa,盐水温度60℃,流速1.5kg/min的条件下,着重研究了中空纤维膜内径、壁厚,组件长度、装填纤维数目等结构参数对VMD性能的影响.结果表明:组件长度或装填纤维数目增加,组件产水通量明显降低而总产水通量明显提高;中空纤维膜内径对VMD产水通量影响较小,而膜壁厚增加使通量明显降低;用内径1.0mm壁厚0.1mm的膜制成的长度21cm装填纤维50根的膜组件,产水通量达到21.8kg/(m2·h).VMD过程产水的电导率保持在4μS/cm以内,脱盐率达99.99%,受膜、组件结构及操作条件影响很小. 相似文献
6.
以离子液体氯代1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑([AMIM]Cl)为溶剂来纺制纤维素/聚醚砜共混中空纤维膜,考察了聚醚砜含量对中空纤维膜结构与性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对膜内、外表面形态结构进行了观察,测试了中空纤维膜的水通量、截留率等渗透性能,最大拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、杨氏模量等力学性能以及透析性能。结果表明:随着聚醚砜含量的增加,中空纤维膜外表面孔洞结构变大,内表面结构变得更加疏松,膜孔隙率与水通量升高,最大拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、杨氏模量等力学性能则逐渐下降;对尿素的清除效率逐渐提升;对溶菌酶和牛血清白蛋白的清除效率逐渐增大,在聚醚砜含量为13%时分别达到最大值24.05%和19.91%。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
以聚醚砜(PES)和磺化聚砜(SPSf)为膜材料,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)为制孔剂,采用干湿法制备中空纤维超滤膜,研究了不同磺化度的SPSf及SPSf浓度对中空纤维共混膜的影响,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和孔径测试,分别研究了SPSf的化学结构、膜的形态和孔径分布。通过超滤膜性能的测试,探讨了共混膜性能的影响。结果表明,在磺化度10%,磺化聚砜质量分数4%时,超滤膜的水通量为450 L/(m2·h),对聚乙二醇-20000(PEG-20000)的截留率为95%;共混膜随温度的升高,共混膜的水通量降低,截留率几乎稳定不变;对牛血清蛋白(BSA)的通量衰减率为10.9%,通量恢复率为21%。 相似文献
10.
炭膜具有优异的热稳定性、化学稳定性和气体分离性能.以聚酰亚胺中空纤维膜为前驱体,经过Tg附近退火预处理(250、300和350℃),进而高温炭化制备高性能中空纤维炭膜,研究了预处理条件对炭膜结构和气体分离性能的影响.结果表明,当退火预处理温度升高时,中空纤维炭膜的结构更加致密,其CO2/CH4和H2/CH4选择性提高,气体通量下降.尤其是当退火预处理温度为350℃时,与未经预处理的中空纤维炭膜相比,其CO2/CH4和H2/CH4选择性分别提高了98%和195%.同时,研究了渗透温度和压力对气体分离性能的影响,采用HIM(氦离子电镜)、FTIR和XRD对中空纤维炭膜的结构进行了表征. 相似文献
11.
为了制备一种轻质高效的隔声材料,本研究以丁腈橡胶(NBR)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)共混为主体材料,采用一步模压发泡工艺制备了重质粒子(HMP)/NBR-PVC微孔阻尼复合材料。通过SEM、动态力学分析和声阻抗管测试探究了橡塑比对HMP/NBR-PVC复合材料泡孔结构、阻尼性能和隔声性能等方面的影响,并进一步对其隔声机制进行了分析。研究结果表明:微孔结构的存在增加了声能量在材料内部传播过程中的衰减,提高了HMP/NBR-PVC复合材料的隔声性能。NBR与PVC质量比为50:50的HMP/NBR-PVC微孔阻尼复合材料具有良好的泡孔结构、力学性能和阻尼性能,其隔声指数高达28.1 dB。这种质轻、质软且易加工的橡塑微孔阻尼复合材料对新型隔声材料开发与应用具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
12.
13.
Peter J. F. Harris 《Journal of Materials Science》2013,48(2):565-577
Microporous carbons are important in a wide variety of applications, ranging from pollution control to supercapacitors, yet their structure at the molecular level is poorly understood. Over the years, many structural models have been put forward, but none has been entirely satisfactory in explaining the properties of the carbons. The discovery of fullerenes and fullerene-related structures such as carbon nanotubes gave us a new perspective on the structure of solid carbon, and in 1997 it was suggested that microporous carbon may have a structure related to that of the fullerenes. Recently, evidence in support of such a structure has been obtained using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy and other techniques. This article describes the development of ideas about the structure of microporous carbon, and reviews the experimental evidence for a fullerene-related structure. Theoretical models of the structural evolution of microporous carbon are summarised, and the use of fullerene-like models to predict the adsorptive properties of microporous carbons are reviewed. 相似文献
14.
《材料与设计》2015
A simple method to fabricate porous titanium was developed, with which the graded microporous titanium alloys could be prepared by simply casting. The in-situ formed graded microporous structure and its effect on the mechanical properties of the titanium alloys were investigated. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of such graded microporous titanium alloys were superior to the porous titanium fabricated by other methods. This work provides a bright prospect for the production of graded porous titanium alloys with low-cost and high properties. This method can also be applied to synthesize other porous metallic biomaterials. 相似文献
15.
16.
Kermanpur A Dastjerdi VH Ghassemali E Abbasi MH 《Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology》2010,10(9):6222-6225
In this work, nanoporous titania top layers were deposited by dip-coating process on microporous alpha-alumina substrates using the sol-gel process. The alumina substrates were synthesized by slip casting method using Taguchi optimising approach. The microporous substrate was then used to coat nanoporous titania layers by the sol-gel method. The thickness, pore size, structure and permeability of the membranes were characterised using SEM, XRD, STA and Hg-Porosimetry. The process conditions to achieve defect-free nanoporous titania layers with the average pore size of about 4 nm coated on the microporous alumina substrates with the average pore size of about 270 nm were determined. 相似文献
17.
Sh. Éndreni 《Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics》1970,19(3):1132-1135
The article describes the results of a study of several laws governing the desorption processes in microporous materials, particularly in molecular filters. The sorption characteristics were obtained for model materials which can be used in the structure analysis of microporous materials.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnai, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 476–481, September, 1970. 相似文献
18.
以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和大豆油混合物为稀释剂,利用热致相分离(ThermallyInduced Phase Separation,TIPS)法制备了等规聚丙烯(iPP)微孔膜.结果表明,稀释剂体系中DBP和大豆油的质量比对浊点温度影响较大,而对结晶温度影响较小;随着稀释剂体系中DBP含量的增加,在固定聚合物浓度及相同的冷却条件下,多孔膜由空间网状结构逐渐转变为腔胞状结构,表面孔径也有明显的增大趋势;稀释剂的加入降低了iPP球晶的生长速率,其组成对iPP球晶生长速率也有一定影响. 相似文献
19.