聚吡咯/钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯复合材料的制备及性能

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为基体,聚吡咯(PPy)和钛酸钡(barium titanate,BT)为填料,通过溶液共混法制备了不同PPy质量分数的PPy/BT/PVDF三相复合材料,并对复合材料的微观形貌、结构和介电性能进行表征和分析.结果表明,PPy和BT大多均匀分散在聚合物基体中,加入PPy对PVDF的结晶影响较小;...     

Dielectric Behavior of Nano-PbTiO3/PVDF Nanocomposites In-situ Synthesized by the Sol-gel Method

PbTiO3 / PVDF nanocomposites were prepared via in-situ growth of nanosized PbTiO3 particles in PVDF matrix by sol-gel method. Nanosized PbTiO3 grown in the composites film was characterized by X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and transmission electron mieroscopy, and the dielectric properties of the composite films prepared were measured. The distribution of PbTiO3 nanoparticles in-situ grown in the PVDF matrix was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The relative dielectric eonstant increases with increasing the weight fracture of PbTiO3 in-situ grown. In particular, the dielectric loss monotonically decreases with the increase of PbTiO3 content at 1 MHz.     

PU/PVDF 基复合材料的制备及介电性

以聚氨酯(PU)和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为基体,以羟基化碳纳米管(MCNTs-OH)为填料,通过溶液共混法制备了PU/PVDF基复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的微观形貌进行了表征,利用宽频介电与阻抗谱仪对复合材料的导电性和介电性能进行了测试。结果表明,在MCNTs-OH质量分数为2%, PU/PVDF质量比为1:1时,MCNTs-OH更倾向于分散在PU基体中;其在1.15 kHz的电导率达到最小值,只有78.5 nS/m;虽然该复合材料在频率1.15 kHz下的介电常数最低,但其数值仍高达393.08,而且其介电损耗也最小,低至0.31,具有良好的介电性能。     

BT/PANI/PVDF复合材料的制备及介电性能

为提高电介质材料的介电性能,采用原位聚合的方法制备了BT/PANI复合功能体,以其为功能相,制备了BT/PANI/PVDF三相复合材料.采用红外光谱法和X射线衍射法对BT/PANI复合功能体的结构进行了表征,采用扫描电子显微镜和阻抗分析仪对BT/PANI/PVDF三相复合材料的微观形貌和介电性能进行了表征.分析了BT/PANI/PVDF体系中的极化方式,并以此为基础,对介电性能随频率的变化规律进行了解释.结果表明:在BT/PANI/PVDF三相复合体系中,功能相BT/PANI被均匀包覆在聚合物基体中,得到了介电性能较好的BT/PANI/PVDF三相复合材料.     

二氧化硅改性环氧树脂胶黏剂性能研究

采用聚氨酯增韧环氧树脂,并利用有机化的纳米SiO2为改性剂制备纳米改性环氧树脂胶黏剂.利用扫描电子显微镜( SEM)观察无机纳米粒子在聚合物基体中的分散性及复合材料的断面形貌,结果表明无机纳米粒子在复合材料中分散性良好,而且聚氨酯在环氧树脂基体中形成了“孔洞结构”.采用电子拉力机、TGA以及介电谱仪等方法测试了复合材料...     

A facile synthesis of Ag Modified ZnO nanocrystals with enhanced photocatalytic activity

Ag modified ZnO (Ag/ZnO) nanocrystals were prepared by a facile and low temperature wet chemical method. The phase structures, morphologies, and optical properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the Brumauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectra, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of Ag/ZnO with diffent Ag contents was measured with the degradation of methyl orange (MO) at room temperature under UV light irradiation. The experimental results indicated that the well-crystalline ZnO nanopaticles with a size of ca. 4.5 nm exhibited a high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MO with the apparent rate constant (k) of 1.57 ×10-2 min-1, and the photocatalytic activities of ZnO were further enhanced by modification with silver. When the Ag loading was 3mol%, Ag/ZnO showed the highest photocatalytic acitivity with a k value of 5.452×10-2 min-1, which is 3.5 and 2.5 time more than that of ZnO and commercial P25, respectively.     

Dielectric Behavior of BaTiO_3/ PVDF Nanocomposites In-situ Synthesized by the Sol-Gel Method

1　IntroductionFerroelectricceramic polymercompositesconsistingofferroelectricceramicpowderembeddedinapolymermatrixhaveattractedmuchattentionsincetheycombinetheexcellentferroelectricpropertiesoftheceramicsandtheflexiblemechanicalpropertiesofthepolymer[1] …     

K0.5Bi0.5TiO3:ZnO无铅铁电复合陶瓷的退极化行为

为了抑制K_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3的退极化现象,提高铁电性能,以K_2CO_3、TiO_2、Bi_2O_3及ZnO为原料,通过二步固相法合成无铅铁电复合陶瓷K_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3:ZnO(KBT:ZnO).通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、铁电和介电测试分析了复合陶瓷的微观结构和介电行为.结果表明:KBT中引入20%(物质的量百分数)的ZnO后,复合陶瓷中生成了第三相Zn2TiO_4,同时,KBT的极化能力及其铁电行为得到改善.阻抗测试表明复合铁电陶瓷内部只存在一种导电机制,即电子电导.特别是ZnO的引入抑制了KBT由正常铁电体向弛豫铁电体的相转变,对KBT的应用和研究有着重要的作用.     

高介电聚偏氟乙烯/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及表征

采用溶液共混法制备了高介电聚偏氟乙烯/聚苯胺复合材料,并对复合材料的微观结构、热稳定性和介电性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明:聚苯胺(PANI)在聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)基体中分散得比较均匀,当质量分数w(PANI)达到10%时,大部分还是独立分散于PVDF基体中,只形成了少量渗流簇;虽然在PVDF中加入PANI会使复合材料的热稳定性变差,但PANI的加入有利于提高复合材料的介电常数。当w(PANI)8%时,复合材料在103Hz时的介电常数随PANI的增加而小幅增加;当w(PANI)由8%提高到10%时,复合材料的介电常数由8%时的57.7突跃至10%时的1 140。对复合材料的介电损耗来说,当w(PANI)8%时,介电损耗较低,但当w(PANI)由8%提高到10%时,介电损耗从1.07增加至12.2。     

The Dielectric Properties and Preparation Method of BaTiO3/PVDF 0-3 Composites

A series of 0-3 composties of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and BaTiO3 was prepared,BaTiO3 was modified with titanate coupling agent .The dielectric properties and the interfacial interaction of composites by different preparation methods were examined and compared,The result shows that the relaive dielectric constant ε of the composite prepared in solution has a maximum value at about 70% weight fraction of BaTiO3 and the dielectric loss tanδ increases rapidly when the fraction exceeds 70%, For the composite preared in melt, the relative dielectric constant ε almost raches a maximum value at about 60% weght fraction of BaTiO3 and the dielectric loss is comparatively lower,The deielectric proerties of composites ore improved by using a coupling aent.     

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of ZnO/Cu~(2+)-Chitosan/Montmorillonite

A new composite antibacterial material ZnO/Cu~(2+)-Chitosan/Montmorillonite (ZCCM) was prepared with montmorillonite as carrier,Zn(Ac)_2?2H_2O,Cu(NO_3)_2?3H_2O and chitosan as raw materials.ZCCM was characterized by X-ray diffraction,nitrogen physical adsorption,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectrometry.The antibacterial activity of ZCCM against Escherichia coli,Salmonella typhimurium,and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration,minimum bactericidal concentration and the influence of growth curves.ZCCM displays excellent antibacterial activity which is higher than ZnO-Montmorillonite,Cu~(2+)-Montmorillonite and ZnO/Cu~(2+)-Montmorillonite.In addition,the antibacterial mechanism of ZCCM was investigated by analyzing bacterial morphology,integrity of cell membrane,lipid peroxidation and the effect of histidine on antibacterial activity of materials.It is found that cell morphologies of bacteria are damaged and bacterial cells are shrunken.With the increase of cell membrane permeability,the intracellular dissolved matters leak continuously.What's more,the reactive oxygen species are generated and biomacromolecules are oxidized.     

Dielectric Behavior of BaTiO3／ PVDF Nanocomposites In-situ Synthesized by the Sol-Gel Method

BaTiO3/ PVDF nanocomposites were prepared via in-situ growth of nanosized BaTiO3 particles in PVDF matrix by using the sol-gel method. The present elements of BaTiO3/ PVDF nanocomposites were analyzed by an electron probe X-ray microanalyser. Nanosized BaTiO3 grown in the composite films was characterized by an X-ray diffractometer and a transmission electron microscope, and the dielectric properties of the composite films were measured. The distribution of BaTiO3 nanoparticles in-situ grown in the PVDF matrix was examined using a scanning electron microscope.     

热处理PZT对PZT/PVDF复材电性能的影响

用高温处理PZT陶瓷粉末与PVDF制成压电复合材料,研究了高温处理PZT对复合材料的微观结构、极化特性、压电和介电性能的影响．结果表明：高温处理PZT制备的复合材料孔隙少,其剩余极化明显提高,提高了复合材料的压电系数和介电常数。     

High Dielectric Constant and Low-loss Dielectric Ceramies of Sr5LnTi3Ta7O3o （Ln= La,Nd, Sm and Y）

Polycrystalline Sr5LnTi3Ta7O30 （Ln=La, Nd, Sm and Y） ceramics were prepared as single-phase materials through conventional solid-state ceramics method. The structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The dielectric properties were measured from room temperature to 400℃. All compounds are paraelectric phases adopting the filled tetragonal tungsten bronze （TB） structure at room temperature. At 1 MHz their dielectric constant （ετ） varied from 109 to 139, dielectric loss changed from 0.003 3 to 0.005 8, and the temperature coefficients of the dielectric constant （τε） moved from -710 to -880×10^-6℃^-1.     

ZnO/C复合材料的制备与性能

为了制备ZnO/C复合材料并探讨其吸波性能,利用金属有机骨架MOF-5为前驱物,采用溶剂热法制备了ZnO/C复合材料.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶转换红外光谱分析仪与矢量网络分析仪对ZnO/C复合材料的物相组成、微观结构、形貌及性能进行了分析.结果表明,ZnO/C复合材料是由薄片状组织堆叠形成的完整立方体结构,且ZnO与C分布均匀.当复合材料涂层厚度为7 mm时,在17.18 GHz处的反射损耗可以达到最大幅值.ZnO/C复合材料在远红外区和超远红外区均具有良好的吸波性能.     

复合型低介电常数聚酰亚胺复合材料研究进展

聚酰亚胺具有优异的力学性能及耐热性,一直是微电子产业的重要电介质材料之一。近年来,随着微电子行业的发展和5G通讯技术的兴起,从能耗要求到信号接收等方面都对降低聚酰亚胺的介电常数和介电损耗提出更高的要求。如何在保留聚酰亚胺优异性能的同时尽可能降低其介电常数与损耗是目前亟需解决的问题。本文综述了近年来多孔聚酰亚胺和聚合物填料、无机纳米填料复合改性聚酰亚胺等复合型低介电聚酰亚胺的研究及应用进展,探讨了如何在降低聚酰亚胺介电常数的同时保持其他性能,并对其发展进行了展望,为新型复合型低介电聚酰亚胺材料的设计与制备提供新思路。     

超声凝胶对复合超滤膜结构与性能的影响研究

将纯纳米TiO2和改性TiO2粒子分别添加到聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜铸膜液中,在超声辅助下进行凝胶成膜,制备出了不同结构与性能的PVDF复合超滤膜.采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角测定、膜渗透测定等手段考察了超声波作用下不同改性复合膜结构与性能的变化(包括膜微观结构、表面接触角、膜通量、截留率).结果表明:超声凝胶作用提高了改性复合膜表面的粗糙度,使其亲水性得以强化;加速了凝胶过程溶剂与非溶剂之间的微相分离,使膜结构由海绵结构向指状多孔结构转变;在KH570-纳米TiO2与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-丙烯酸(AA)-纳米TiO2改性复合超滤膜中,后者改性膜亲水性强化效果较为显著,且在截留率基本保持稳定的前提下,膜通量可达到85 mL/(cm2.h).     

聚偏氟乙烯多孔膜对水中刚果红的吸附性能

采用相转化法制备了聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）多孔膜,并通过扫描电子显微镜、热重⁃差热分析仪对样品的表面及断面形貌、热稳定性进行了表征。研究了PVDF膜对水中刚果红的吸附性能。结果表明,PVDF膜的最佳投加质量为30 mg;在303 K下,PVDF膜的最大吸附量为64.6 mg/g;Freundlich等温模型更适合于描述刚果红的吸附行为,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型;热力学参数表明PVDF膜对刚果红的吸附是自发行为且为吸热反应;乙醇对吸附过刚果红的PVDF膜具有良好的脱附效果,经过8次吸附⁃脱附,PVDF膜对刚果红仍保持较高的吸附能力。     

纳米碳纤维掺杂量与取向对纳米碳纤维/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯复合材料介电性能的影响

通过微波法化学镀镍对纳米碳纤维(CNFs)进行表面改性,采用熔融共混法将表面改性的CNFs与乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)复合制备CNFs/EVA复合材料,在模压交联过程中对复合材料施加磁场,使表面镀镍的CNFs在复合材料基体中沿磁场方向取向;用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)观察表面改性前后CNFs表面形貌和结构、复合材料内部微观结构及取向情况;用宽频介电谱仪与阻抗谱仪对复合材料进行介电谱测试,研究了CNFs的取向与掺杂量对复合材料介电性能的影响,并用四探针法测量复合材料的体电阻率。研究结果表明,掺杂量和是否取向对复合材料介电性能影响较大;CNFs掺杂质量分数为0.5%时,取向复合材料相对介电常数最低,施加磁场取向不会增加复合材料的介电损耗,少量掺杂即可大幅降低复合材料的体电阻率。     

氧化锌纳米棒的低温水溶液化学制备研究

运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了低温水溶液化学制备ZnO样品的结构、形貌,结果表明,生长时间、衬底材料、生长液浓度、生长温度等条件对ZnO形貌和结构有重要影响,合适的生长条件可以实现对ZnO纳米材料的可控生长.