细胞培养结合实时荧光RT-PCR法快速检测甲肝病毒滴度的研究

目的建立一种细胞培养与实时荧光RT-PCR相结合的快速检测甲肝病毒滴度的方法。方法根据甲肝病毒(HAV)L-A-1株5'端基因组序列,设计了2条基因特异性引物及一条探针,建立实时荧光RT-PCR法,结合细胞培养检测甲肝病毒滴度,并与ELISA检测法进行比较。结果实验中建立的方法能特异检测甲肝病毒,细胞培养8d检测病毒滴度为lg107.0CCID50/mL。同一样本重复检测3次,批内样本Ct值的变异系数最大为0.89%,批间样本Ct值变异系数最大为1.66%。建立的细胞培养结合实时荧光RT-PCR法(细胞培养8 d)与细胞培养ELISA法(细胞培养28 d)检测甲肝病毒滴度结果差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该方法具有快速、灵敏、特异等优点,应用于疫苗常规检测有良好前景。     

寡核苷酸芯片法、实时PCR 和测序法进行乙肝病毒 基因分型的比较

目的:比较寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR和测序法在对慢性乙肝患者病毒基因分型的比较和方法学评价。方法:对126例不同基因型的慢性乙肝患者的血清样本分别用寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR法和测序法进行基因分型,并评价各种方法的临床表现、所需时间和检测成本。结果:寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR分别能检测到1%和0.1%比例的基因型。在126例慢性乙肝患者的临床样本中,寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR和测序法分别检测出41(33%)、41(33%)和45(36%)例为B型,76(60%)、76(60%)、81(64%)例为C型。寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR均检出9例B、C混合基因型。在三种检测方法中实时荧光PCR是最快速和廉价的。结论:寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR能检出B、C混合基因型,而测序法只能检测出样本的主导基因型。     

通过荧光标记的凝胶阻滞技术分析Opaque2蛋白与ZmGRAS11启动子的结合位点

凝胶阻滞实验（electrophoretic mobility shift assay，EMSA）是研究蛋白质与核酸结合的一种关键实验技术。EMSA技术兴起以来，使用放射性同位素、生物素标记核酸探针的手段已经非常成熟，但这两种传统的标记技术分别具有放射性探针稳定性差和生物素检测步骤复杂等缺点。近年来，尽管荧光标记探针逐渐被应用于EMSA中，但是对于利用荧光标记探针的EMSA仍缺乏系统的报道。对荧光标记的EMSA技术流程进行了优化和系统总结；利用6-羧基荧光素（6-carboxy-fluoroscine，FAM）标记ZmGRAS11启动子探针，通过EMSA检测其与Opaque2蛋白的结合，明确了蛋白和探针的适宜比例为8∶1。对GCN4 motif序列碱基进行突变并利用EMSA分析Opaque2与ZmGRAS11启动子之间的结合位点，结果表明GCN4 motif的“TGAC”核心基序在ZmGRAS11启动子与Opaque2蛋白的结合中可能起到了关键作用。研究结果为进一步探究Opaque2-ZmGRAS11转录调控模块在玉米籽粒发育中的作用机理提供了数据支撑。     

新型近红外荧光探针MHI85在胆道系统成像的实验研究

目的:观察一种新型近红外荧光探针MHI85在器官中的成像特点,寻找特异性的器官成像荧光探针,为手术提供帮助。方法:用海洋光学测量系统检测近红外荧光探针MHI85的吸光度和荧光强度,分析其光学特点。随后将近红外荧光探针MHI85注射到CD-1小鼠体内,4小时后观察小鼠体内腹腔、胆囊和胆管、离体小鼠腹部脏器的近红外荧光成像情况。并测量离体脏器的信号背景比(SBR)。结果:近红外荧光探针MHI85最大吸收峰值和荧光峰值分别在690 nm和713 nm,说明其发光谱在700 nm左右,且成像稳定。利用小动物活体成像系统发现,近红外荧光探针MHI85在小鼠胆囊、胆囊管、左右肝管、肝总管可见明显荧光信号。心、肺、肝、胰、脾、肾、十二指肠、小肠均无荧光信号,而胆囊中可见明显的荧光信号。离体脏器SBR结果显示,胆囊的SBR明显高于其他脏器。结论:近红外荧光分子探针MHI85对胆囊及胆道系统具有良好的靶向性,且成像清晰、定位准确。     

重组腺相关病毒小鼠骨骼肌中近红外荧光蛋白表达及活体成像

近红外荧光蛋白因激发光和发射光波长位于近红外区,在动物组织中光吸收和光散射最低,更适宜于动物活体组织的深层成像.构建了一种携带近红外荧光蛋白(near-infrared fluorescent protein,iRFP)713基因的重组表达质粒pAAV-iRFP713,将重组表达质粒与辅助质粒共转染AAV-293细胞,包装重组腺相关病毒(recombinant adeno-associated virus,rAAV)rAAV-iRFP713.重组腺相关病毒表达载体感染体外培养的癌细胞,48h后,荧光显微镜检测显示近红外荧光蛋白在癌细胞中高效表达,荧光明亮.重组腺相关病毒表达载体注射小鼠骨骼肌,48h后,用近红外荧光活体成像系统检测证明近红外荧光蛋白在小鼠骨骼肌中表达较强, 活体组织成像清晰.实验结果表明近红外荧光蛋白在体内体外均能很好地表达并荧光成像,为动物活体组织标记和成像的研究提供新方法.     

定量荧光原位杂交测定端粒长度

目的:应用定量荧光原位杂交(Q-FISH)方法测定端粒长度。方法:选取4种端粒长度均一的标准细胞株采用Q-FISH的方法做出荧光亮度与端粒长度的标准曲线,从而得出实验细胞株的端粒长度,与DNA印迹法测定末端限制性片段(TRF)长度进行二者之间的相关性分析。结果:检测荧光强度的最佳线性曝光时间为400ms,相对于DNA印迹法,定量荧光原位杂交(Q-FISH)法所需标本量少,实验周期短,端粒长度结果与Southern杂交法具有很好的相关性。结论:采用定量荧光原位杂交方法测端粒长度具有重复性好、精确可靠的特点,适用于对珍贵标本的端粒改变进行分析。     

近红外荧光染料IR-783在膀胱癌中的成像研究

目的:观察研究近红外荧光染料IR-783在膀胱癌中的特异性成像。方法:通过染料与膀胱癌细胞及正常细胞共孵育,观察近红外荧光染料IR-783是否能够实现膀胱癌细胞的选择性成像。利用细胞器示踪剂观察近红外荧光染料在膀胱癌细胞内的共定位;使用IR-783检测循环血液中及尿液中的膀胱癌细胞。结果:近红外荧光染料IR-783可被膀胱癌细胞选择性摄取。IR-783可选择性聚集在膜性细胞器如线粒体和溶酶体内,这种选择性聚集作用使IR-783可以保持较长的染色效果。近红外染料可以检测到血液或尿液极少量的膀胱癌细胞。结论:近红外荧光染料IR-783能够被膀胱癌细胞特异性吸收,可用于血液和尿液中膀胱肿瘤细胞的特异性诊断,具有重要的临床应用前景。     

两种少量小鼠外周血间期核FISH技术的比较

目的:探讨低渗法与红细胞裂解法应用于小鼠少量外周血间期核荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)检测的优缺点,以便于根据实验条件选取最合适的方法。方法:小鼠剪尾巴法获取外周血,采用低渗法或红细胞裂解法破坏红细胞,涂片前先用免疫组化笔在玻片上划好预计涂片区域,重悬沉淀后稍等片刻再吸中间部分用于涂片,涂完后在相差显微镜下观察密度,行常规FISH,比较两种方法处理后的FISH结果。结果:低渗法和红细胞裂解法处理后的片子背景都较干净,密度适中,信号较强。结论:在外周血间期核荧光原位杂交技术中,低渗法和红细胞裂解法都可以获得较满意的FISH结果。低渗法的特点在于试剂便宜且易于获取,但耗时稍长;而红细胞裂解法的特点在于可节省实验时间,但需专用试剂。     

时间分辨荧光分析技术在先天性甲状腺功能低下筛查中的应用

目的:探讨时间分辨荧光分析技术(DELFIA)筛查新生儿先天性甲状腺功能低下的的准确率。方法:回顾性分析我院2008年1月至2013年5月收治的20000例新生儿的临床资料。分别利用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和时间分辨荧光分析技术检测新生儿足跟血中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)及促甲状腺素(TSH)水平。比较两种检测方法的准确率。结果:DELFIA初次筛查CH的准确性明显高于ELISA。对召回的新生儿进行TSH复测,DELFIA对TSH≥20 m U/L的检测准确率最高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:DELFIA在筛查先天性甲状腺功能低下中具有较高的应用价值,可作为临床筛查的首选方法。     

不同荧光定量PCR分析方法检测大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤中Caspase-3基因的表达研究

目的:应用实时荧光PCR检测大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤组织中的Caspase-3基因表达变化,并比较了相对定量与绝对定量分析方法的技术优劣.方法:相对定量实验中,以β-actin基因作为内参,采用Delta-delta Ct法计算目的基因表达变化.而在绝对定量实验中,构建了含Caspase-3基因的重组质粒,以该重组质粒作...     

Mass spectrometric identification of RNA binding proteins from dried EMSA gels

Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) are commonly employed for the analysis of nucleic acid/ protein interactions with a native gel system. Here, we report a method to identify RNA binding proteins from a dried EMSA gel by mass spectrometry following autoradiography. Compared to wet gel exposure, our approach resulted in an improved protein identification sensitivity and RNA/protein complex isolation accuracy. The method described here is useful for the large scale characterization of RNA- or DNA-protein complexes.     

Photoaffinity electrophoretic mobility shift assay using photoreactive DNA bearing 3-trifluoromethyl-3-phenyldiazirine in its phosphate backbone

Photoaffinity cross-linking enables the analysis of interactions between DNA and proteins even under denaturing conditions. We present a photoaffinity electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in which two heterogeneous techniques―photoaffinity cross-linking using DNA bearing 3-trifluoromethyl-3-phenyldiazirine and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) analysis—are combined. To prepare the photoreactive DNA, which is an essential tool for photoaffinity EMSA, we first determined the optimal conditions for the integration of 4-(3-trifluoromethyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)benzyl bromide to the specific site of oligonucleotide where phosphodiester linkage was replaced with phosphorothioate linkage. The photoaffinity EMSA was developed using the POU (initial letters of three genes: Pit-l, Oct-1,2, and unc-86) domain region of Oct-1 protein, which specifically bound to octamer DNA motif (ATGCAAAT). The affinity-purified recombinant POU domain proteins conjugated with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) contained three distinct proteins with molecular weights of 34, 36, and 45 kDa. The photoaffinity EMSA could clearly distinguish the individual binding abilities of three proteins on a single lane and showed that the whole POU domain protein specifically bound to octamer DNA motif by competition experiments. Using the nuclear extract of HeLa cells, the photoaffinity EMSA revealed that at least five specific proteins could bind to the octamer DNA motif. These results show that photoaffinity EMSA using 3-trifluoromethyl-3-phenyldiazirine can provide high-performance analysis of DNA-binding proteins.     

A sensitive two-color electrophoretic mobility shift assay for detecting both nucleic acids and protein in gels

DNA-binding proteins are key to the regulation and control of gene expression, replication and recombination. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (or gel shift assay) is considered an essential tool in modern molecular biology for the study of protein-nucleic acid interactions. As typically implemented, however, the technique suffers from a number of shortcomings, including the handling of hazardous (32)P-labeled DNA probes, and difficulty in quantifying the amount of DNA and especially the amount of protein in the gel. A new detection method for mobility-shift assays is described that represents a significant improvement over existing techniques. The assay is fast, simple, does not require the use of radioisotopes and allows independent quantitative determination of: (i) free nucleic acid, (ii) bound nucleic acid, (iii) bound protein, and (iv) free protein. Nucleic acids are detected with SYBR Green EMSA dye, while proteins are subsequently detected with SYPRO Ruby EMSA dye. All fluorescence staining steps are performed after the entire gel-shift experiment is completed, so there is no need to prelabel either the DNA or the protein and no possibility of the fluorescent reagents interfering with the protein-nucleic acid interactions. The ability to independently quantify each molecular species allows more rigorous data analysis methods to be applied, especially with respect to the mass of protein bound per nucleic acid.     

Identification of regulatory elements in the glucoamylase-encoding gene (glaB) promoter from Aspergillus oryzae

The Aspergillus oryzae glucoamylase-encoding gene glaB is expressed specifically and strongly only during solid-state cultivation (SSC). To elucidate the basis for the specificity, the glaB promoter was analyzed by electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay (EMSA) which indicated two protein-binding elements from ?382 to ?353 and from ?332 to ?313. To confirm that these regions contained cis-elements, deletion analysis of the promoter was undertaken using β-glucuronidase as a reporter. The results of the deletion analysis were consistent with the EMSA results. The promoter missing the ?332 to ?313 element was not induced by low water activity stress during SSC.     

Rapid agarose gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay for quantitating protein: RNA interactions

Interactions between proteins and nucleic acids are frequently analyzed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). This technique separates bound protein:nucleic acid complexes from free nucleic acids by electrophoresis, most commonly using polyacrylamide gels. The current study utilizes recent advances in agarose gel electrophoresis technology to develop a new EMSA protocol that is simpler and faster than traditional polyacrylamide methods. Agarose gels are normally run at low voltages (∼10 V/cm) to minimize heating and gel artifacts. In this study we demonstrate that EMSAs performed using agarose gels can be run at high voltages (≥20 V/cm) with 0.5 × TB (Tris-borate) buffer, allowing for short run times while simultaneously yielding high band resolution. Several parameters affecting band and image quality were optimized for the procedure, including gel thickness, agarose percentage, and applied voltage. Association of the siRNA-binding protein p19 with its target RNA was investigated using the new system. The agarose gel and conventional polyacrylamide gel methods generated similar apparent binding constants in side-by-side experiments. A particular advantage of the new approach described here is that the short run times (5–10 min) reduce opportunities for dissociation of bound complexes, an important concern in non-equilibrium nucleic acid binding experiments.