硫酸亚铁络合-次氯酸钙氧化法联合处理高炉煤气含氰洗涤废水

研究了硫酸亚铁络合-次氯酸钙氧化两步法静态和联合动态处理高炉煤气高浓度含氰洗涤废水,采用单因素法确定了处理过程的工艺条件.结果表明,硫酸亚铁络合沉淀过程中的优化工艺条件是:硫酸亚铁加药量为理论量的2.5倍,pH值为6,沉淀时间30 min,此时废水中总氰化物和易释放氰化物的去除率分别为95.52%和93.10%;次氯酸...     

脉冲电晕放电去除废水中氰化物的研究

采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体处理含氰高炉煤气洗涤水,设计了针-板式电极结构的等离子体反应器装置。研究了不通入、通入SO2,不放电、放电以及不同初始氰化物浓度条件下,处理含氰废水的效果。大量实验研究表明,无论放电与否,通入SO2均可提高氰化物的去除率;脉冲电晕放电可以提高氰化物的去除率,洗涤水在脉冲电晕区停留时间越长,氰化物去除效率越高;高炉煤气洗涤水中氰化物初始浓度越高,其净化效果越好,洗涤水在脉冲电晕区域停留时间约为2.1 s时,氰化物去除率最高可达99.9%,而初始浓度较低时,几乎没有净化效果。     

高炉煤气洗涤水氰化物产生及控制对策探讨

通过分析高炉煤气洗涤水氰化物的产生机理,探讨了湘钢1#高炉煤气洗涤水氰化物超标的主要原因,结合高炉煤气洗涤水处理氰化物的治理现状,提出了相应的治理对策.     

新型混凝剂在转炉煤气洗涤废水中的应用

采用新型混凝剂氯化铝钙,配加一定量PAM,处理转炉煤气洗涤废水.研究了药剂加入量、pH值及搅拌条件对絮凝反应过程的影响,得出了最佳实验参数.结果表明,由于氯化铝钙在混凝过程中可提供一定量的Ca2 ,有利于破坏胶体的稳定性,降低ζ电位,压缩双电层,能提高悬浮颗粒的凝聚能力及改善处理后污泥的脱水效果.     

昔日黑水沟 今日林荫道

当你漫步在首钢大东门至北辛安这段几里长的柏油马路上,怎么也不会想到这里曾是一条四米宽的黑水沟。 几年前,这条沟每年约有1500万吨高炉煤气洗涤水排入,其中含酚量高达 2.02毫克/升。另外,还有大量含铁尘泥水排入沟。为根治污染,首钢对高炉煤气洗涤水的水质净化和稳定进行了全面的技术改造。治理工程包括水质净化、水塔冷却、水质稳定和矿泥回收四部分。水质净化和冷却采用了自然沉淀净化和冷却塔冷却,真空过滤脱水矿泥回收。水质稳定采用了石灰软化──炭化法。经过处理的高炉煤气洗涤水外排时,悬浮物小于100毫克/升,沉淀后的污泥经过脱…     

含油污泥资源化处理及再生利用的技术研究

通过对含油污泥进行铝溶出实验和制备聚合氯化铝(PAC)及其应用研究,实现含油污泥的资源化处理及再生利用。结果表明,在70℃下,采用4 mol/L的硫酸30 m L,铝溶出率达到最大值44.04%,加入少量乙醇,其溶出率更大,但实际应用中会消耗很多能量,应予以考虑。对含油污泥进行再生利用的方法研究,采用盐酸处理含油污泥进行PAC制备并用其处理模拟染料废水,结果表明,在盐基度80%条件下,对于低浓度模拟染料废水,PAC最佳投加量为2.5 m L/L;对高浓度模拟染料废水,PAC最佳投加量为15 m L/L。     

粉煤灰处理活性艳红K-2BP染料模拟废水试验

研究了粉煤灰及其与混凝剂、Ca(OH)2共同处理活性艳红K-2BP染料模拟废水的处理效果。结果表明,pH值对粉煤灰去除废水色度有较大影响,最佳pH值为12.3;随着染料废水起始浓度的增加,粉煤灰投加量相同,其对色度的去除率减小,但粉煤灰对染料的吸附容量增加;粉煤灰与混凝剂共同处理时,粉煤灰吸附对去除色度的作用更大;粉煤灰与Ca(OH)2共同处理时,可以使废水的色度去除效果提高12%左右;在粉煤灰-Ca(OH)2中再加入PAC,可以使去除率达89%以上,但PAC对色度去除率提升不明显。     

炼铁除尘技术的问题和进展

炼铁生产中的粉尘产生于高炉原料系统、出铁场、煤气系统及喷煤制粉输粉系统。现就炼铁生产除尘技术存在的问题和取得的进展阐述如下。1 高炉煤气干法净化 高炉煤气中的含尘浓度由40～100g/m~3降至使用要求的5～6mg/m~3,要经过一系列的除尘净化过程。高炉煤气除尘净化的传统工艺为湿法除尘。然而湿法除尘有一个很大的缺点,就是煤气洗涤水中含有氰化物及其他有机物,会产生二次污染。处理氰化物要用化学药物或引入水渣池,用冲渣水稀释后进行闭路循环,但冲渣过程中,微量氰化物会随蒸气扩散到大气中而污染大气。此外,湿法除尘使煤气的物理有效能（温度与压力）未得以充分利用。若采用干法除尘,就可提高高炉炉     

煤渣/PAC复合混凝剂对橙黄Ⅱ废水的脱色处理

采用煤渣与PAC复合混凝剂对橙黄Ⅱ模拟废水进行脱色处理,考察了煤渣粒径、pH值、煤渣投加量和PAC用量对处理效果的影响,探讨了复合混凝剂的脱色机理.结果表明,采用煤渣/PAC复合混凝剂处理染料废水可获得良好的脱色效果,出水色度和浊度均可达到国家排放标准.主要脱色机理为煤渣对染料分子的吸附,PAC可促进细小煤渣颗粒结成絮体,强化脱色和去浊效果.     

高炉煤气洗涤水脱氰研究

氯碱法处理高炉煤气洗涤水,运用正交实验设计方法设计实验,根据直观分析和方差分析方法整理实验数据,得出最佳反应条件,影响因素顺序,显著因素。     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

一起有机过氧化物爆炸事故的调查和分析

阐述一起重大爆炸伤亡事故的现场调查和原因分析，介绍如何通过人证物证材料，用鱼刺图法找出可能引起事故的诸原因，逐项加以分析，将与人证或物证材料相矛盾的原因子以排除，最后剩下无法排除亦即能与人证物证相符的那个原因，就是事故的真正原因。笔者是这起事故调查专家组组长，取证和数据可靠。     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失,提高滑坡预测的准确性,通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据,在获得多组模拟实验数据后,分析各变量的特性。首先,通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)算法,对滑坡进行危险度划分;然后,通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)建立模型,遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数,提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据,通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好,实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合,与单一SVM相比,精度更高,结果更好,更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

我国与主要国家温石棉安全使用政策和法规对比研究

我国作为温石棉的生产和使用大国,在温石棉及其制品的危害及防控方面开展了较为系统的研究,但对于其他主要国家在温石棉安全使用政策和法规方面的研究则相对较少。本文简要介绍温石棉安全使用的理论基础,对美国、加拿大等主要国家在温石棉安全生产和使用方面的主要政策和法规进行研究,并对我国温石棉产业政策以及相关法规进行梳理,通过对比发现,我国与美国、加拿大等国家在温石棉及其制品的安全使用法规、标准建设等方面存在一定差距。最后,基于相关对比分析结果,对我国温石棉产业职业病防治、环境保护以及温石棉制品等方面的法规标准的建设提出建议。     

飞行员记忆与安全绩效的关系研究

为了探究飞行员记忆与安全绩效的关系,提高优秀飞行员选拔的有效性和飞行排班的科学性,对飞行员记忆进行测试,结合其近6年的飞行品质(QAR)数据,系统分析了记忆与安全绩效的关系及各因素对飞行员记忆的影响情况。结果表明:飞行员形象记忆、情景记忆、运动记忆、语义记忆与安全绩效呈正相关关系,情绪记忆与安全绩效呈“n”型关系;情景记忆主要受不良情绪波动的影响,语义记忆主要受对大脑缺乏开发应用情况以及压力的影响,情绪记忆主要受不良嗜好和年龄的影响,形象记忆主要受睡眠和疾病的影响,运动记忆主要受用脑过度和年龄因素影响。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.     

CO在烟煤中吸附与扩散的分子模拟研究*

为揭示CO在烟煤中的微观吸附和扩散机理,利用Wiser烟煤分子模型,通过巨正则蒙特卡洛（GCMC）和分子动力学方法,研究5种不同温度（293.15,303.15,313.15,323.15,333.15 K）下,压力为0.1～3.0 MPa时CO吸附量、吸附热的变化,采用能量分布分析CO在烟煤中的吸附行为,利用扩散系数和扩散活化能研究CO在烟煤中的扩散特性。研究结果表明:CO在烟煤分子中的模拟结果符合朗格缪尔（Langmuir）吸附规律,随着温度的升高,Langmuir参数a和b减小,CO在烟煤分子中饱和吸附量和吸附能力降低。温度越高,烟煤分子的等量吸附热越低,烟煤分子吸附CO分子的平均等量吸附热为21.20～23.11 kJ/mol,小于42 kJ/mol,属于物理吸附;随着压力的升高,CO分子由能量较高的优势吸附位点逐渐向相对较弱的吸附位点移动;在模拟的温度和压力条件下,CO在烟煤分子模型中的扩散系数随温度和压力的升高而增加,扩散活化能随压力的升高而减小。研究结果为揭示CO在烟煤分子中微观吸附与扩散规律,准确预测采空区封闭火区煤自燃情况具有重要意义。     

油浸变压器排油注氮装置在500kV变电站的设计与应用

在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.