GM－CSF对人单核细胞HLA－DR抗原表达的影响

本文采用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法，研究了重组的人粒细胞一巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）对体外培养的正常人外周血单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原表达的影响。结果表明ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ能提高单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原表达，并且呈剂量依赖关系，最适剂量（５００ｕ／ｍｌ）时能使ＤＲ抗原表达量提高到对照组的２．５倍。ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ对ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原表达的诱导作用并不是通过诱生的ＩＦＮ－γ的作用而实现的，因为有中和活性的ＩＦＮ－γ单抗并不能阻断这种效应。ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ能够增强低剂量ＩＦＮ－γ（５ｕ／ｍｌ）对单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原的诱导作用，但未观察到对高剂量ＩＦＮ－γ（１００ｕ／ｍｌ）的ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原的诱导增强作用。     

HCMV感染对单核细胞HLA－DR表达的影响

本文采用细胞ＥＬＩＳＡ法，研究发现人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）感染对单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的影响。结果表明ＨＣＭＶ感染后１ｄ，单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），以后逐渐降低，ｄ５降至对照水平；ＩＦＮγ（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）．ＴＮＦ（２５０Ｕ／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－６（５００／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－１（５００／ｍｌ）均能不同程度地刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，细胞因子刺激ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达的水平在感染后ｄ５，较对照组均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＬ－１＋ＩＦＮ－γ及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ－γ在刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达时有协同作用；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，ＩＦＮ－γ＋ＩＬ－１及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ协同刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达水平较对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：在ＨＣＭＶ感染引起免疫抑制过程中，其引起单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达降低是一重要机制。     

HCMV感染对单核细胞HLA－DR表达的影响

本文采用细胞ＥＬＩＳＡ法，研究发现人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）感染对单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的影响。结果表明ＨＣＭＶ感染后１ｄ，单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），以后逐渐降低，ｄ５降至对照水平；ＩＦＮγ（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）．ＴＮＦ（２５０Ｕ／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－６（５００／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－１（５００／ｍｌ）均能不同程度地刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，细胞因子刺激ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达的水平在感染后ｄ５，较对照组均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＬ－１＋ＩＦＮ－γ及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ－γ在刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达时有协同作用；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，ＩＦＮ－γ＋ＩＬ－１及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ协同刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达水平较对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：在ＨＣＭＶ感染引起免疫抑制过程中，其引起单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达降低是一重要机制。     

IFN_γ对健康和肿瘤患者单核细胞HLA－DR表达的影响

本文采用ＢＳＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ方法，研究ｒＨｕＩＦＮ－γ（ＩＦＮγ）对体外培养的健康人及恶性肿瘤患者外周血单核细胞表达ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原的影响。结果表明：ＩＦＮγ能促进两者单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原的表达，但ＩＦＮγ对健康人单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达促进程度较恶性肿瘤患者强（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

IFNγ对健康和肿瘤患者单核细胞HLA—DR表达的影响

本文采用ＢＳＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ方法，研究ｒＨｕＩＦＮ－γ（ＩＦＮγ）对体外培养的健康人及恶性肿瘤患者外周血单核细胞表达ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原的影响。结果表明：ＩＦＮγ能促进两者单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原的表达，但ＩＦＮγ对健康人单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达促进程度较恶性肿瘤患者强（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

TNFα对IFNr诱导肿瘤细胞HLA－Ⅱ抗原表达的影响

本文用ＩＦＮｒ诱导人肿瘤细胞株表达ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原，并观察ＴＮＦα、ＢＣＧ－ＰＳＮ对ＩＦＮｒ诱导ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原表达的影响。发现两株肿瘤细胞当ＩＦＮｒ为５００ｕ／ｍｌ时，诱导第４天ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原表达最高；单用ＴＮＰα或ＢＣＧ－ＰＳＮ不能诱导ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ抗原表达；当ＴＮＦα、ＢＣＧ－ＰＳＮ分别与ＴＮｒ合用时，能诱导肿瘤细胞ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原的高表达率，有助于增加肿瘤细胞的免疫原性。提高宿主免疫应答能力。     

干扰素对人胃癌细胞IAP－2表达的调节

应用基因重组干扰素－ａ和－γ（ＩＦＮ－ａ和－γ）体外诱导三株人胃癌细胞系ＳＧＣ＿（７９０１）、ＭＧＣ＿（８０３）和ＭＫＮ＿（４５），ＡＢＣ－ＣＥＬＩＳＡ法测定诱导组和对照组细胞表面免疫抑制酸性蛋白Ⅱ型（ＩＡＰ－２）的表达量。在基础培养条件下，三株细胞表达ＩＡＰ－２均呈低水平。低浓度（＜１０００ｕ／ｍｌ）ＩＦＮ－ａ或－γ能增加这三株细胞ＩＡＰ－２表达量；而高浓度（＞１０００ｕ／ｍｌ）ＩＦＮ－ａ或－γ反使其ＩＡＰ－２表达量显著减少。这些结果提示：（１）ＩＦＮ－ａ和－γ可能对胃癌细胞ＩＡＰ－２表达呈双向调节作用；（２）癌细胞ＩＭＰ－２表达水平检测作为临床应用ＩＦＮｓ治疗癌症患者的疗效判别指标可能具有一定价值。     

干扰素和肿瘤坏死因子对人脐静脉内皮细胞表达HLA—Ⅱ类抗原…

采用ｃｅｌｌ－ＥＬＩＳＡ法对ＩＦＮ－α，γ及ｒＴＮＦα单独或协同影响人脐静脉内皮细胞（ＨＵＶＥＣ）表达ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原作了定量观察，结果表明，ＩＦＮγ直接刺激ＨＵＶＥＣ可依浓度和时间依赖的方式提高其ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原表达量，而ｒＴＮＦα，ＩＦＮα单独处理ＨＵＶＥＣ无效，当ｒＴＮＦα和ＩＦＮγ同时诱导时，对ＨＵＶＥＣ表达ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ，ＤＰ，ＤＱ均表现抑制作用，但是，当先用ＩＦＮγ诱导ＨＵＶＥＣ２４ｈ后     

TNFα对IFNr诱导肿瘤细胞HLA—Ⅱ抗原表达的影响

本文用ＩＦＮｒ诱导人肿瘤细胞株表达ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗，并观察ＴＮＦα，ＢＣＧ－ＰＳＮ对ＩＦＮｒ诱导ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原表达的影响。发现两株肿瘤细胞当ＩＦＮｒ为５００ｕ／ｍｌ时，诱导第４天ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ抗原表达；当ＴＮＦα，ＢＣＧ－ＰＳＮ分别与ＩＦＮｒ合用时，能诱导肿瘤细胞ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原的高表达率。有助于增加肿瘤细胞的免疫原性，提高宿主免疫应答能力。     

γ－干扰素在淋巴细胞介导的子宫颈角化上皮细胞毒作用中的意义

本研究以子宫颈角化上皮为靶细胞，用试管培养技术及非同位素细胞毒性试验，探讨了干扰素（ＩＦＮ－γ）对淋巴细胞介导的对宫颈角化上皮细胞毒作用的影响及细胞间吸附分子１（ＩＣＡＭ－１）与白细胞功能相关抗原１（ＬＦＡ－１）在细胞毒作用中的意义。结果显示ＣａＳｋｉ、ＳｉＨａ、ＨｅＬａ、Ｗ１２及ＮＣｘ均为ＮＫ抵抗、ＬＡＫ敏感细胞。ＩＦＮ－γ预处理靶细胞明显增加ＬＡＫ细胞的杀伤活性，但对ＮＫ活性影响不大；ＩＦＮ－γ预处理效应细胞可增强ＬＡＫ细胞对上述靶细胞的溶解作用，但并不改变ＮＫ对靶细胞的选择性；抗ＩＣＡＭ－１与ＬＦＡ－１单克隆抗体能有效地降低ＬＡＫ细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用，而抗ＨＬＡＡＢＣ及ＨＬＡＤＲ则无此作用。提示ＩＦＮ－γ仅对ＬＡＫ细胞介导的对宫颈角化上皮的细胞毒作用有明显增强作用，而对ＮＫ细胞无明显影响；ＩＣＡＭ－１－ＬＦＡ－１通路为ＬＡＫ细胞结合并溶解靶细胞的主要通路，且这种细胞毒作用是非ＭＨＣ限制的。     

Interferon-γ and interleukin-10 inhibit antigen presentation by Langerhans cells for T helper type 1 cells by suppressing their CD80 (B7-1) expression

CD80(B7-1) and CD86(B7-2) co-stimulatory molecules have been reported to activate Th1/Th2 development pathways differentially. It is well known that Langerhans cells (LC), potent antigen-presenting dendritic cells in the epidermis, express several co-stimulatory molecules and that this expression is modulated by several cytokines. Based on the recently reported effect of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 on the expression of CD80 and CD86 by LC, we examined the effects of these cytokines on the expression of CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and CD40 in addition to CD80 and CD86 on LC, and correlated the expression of each co-stimulatory molecule with antigen presentation for a Th1 clone by cultured LC (cLC) treated with these cytokines. LC cultured for 72 h significantly up-regulated MHC class II antigen expression and all the co-stimulatory molecules we examined. As previously reported, IL-10 or IFN-γ inhibited the up-regulation of CD80 expression. Granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) partially restored the suppression of CD80 expression induced by IFN-γ on cultured LC, while it had virtually no effect on the inhibition induced by IL-10. Antigen presentation for the myoglobin-specific syngeneic Th1 clone by cLC, which were pre-incubated with these cytokines, correlated well with their CD80 expression. In addition, among the antibodies for CD80, CD86, CD28 or CD40, the suppression of the Th1 clone stimulation by LC was found to occur only with anti-CD80 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Finally, we studied the effects of IFN-γ and IL-10 on GM-CSF production by epidermal keratinocytes (KC). We could show that only IFN-γ, but not IL-10, suppressed GM-CSF production by KC. These findings suggest that both IFN-γ and IL-10 suppress antigen presentation by LC for Th1 cells by suppressing their CD80 expression. The inhibitory effect of IFN-γ on CD80 expression on LC appears to be partially mediated through the suppression of GM-CSF production by KC.     

Regulation of IFN-γ production in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-deficient mice

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-deficient (GM-CSF−/−) mice produce far lower serum levels of IFN-γ in response to LPS than GM-CSF+/+ mice. CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells from LPS-injected GM-CSF−/− mice showed a deficiency in IFN-γ production and proliferative activity in response to IL-2 and IL-12, whereas IFN-γ production by NK cells was not compromised. These defects of T cells were reversed by administration of GM-CSF in vivo, but not by supplementation with GM-CSF in vitro. GM-CSF−/− mice do not have an intrinsic defect in IFN-γ production, because IL-12 injection induces the same high levels of IFN-γ in GM-CSF−/− and GM-CSF+/+ mice. To investigate the inhibitory effect of LPS on GM-CSF−/− T cells and the indirect restorative activity of GM-CSF, we tested the action of supernatants from cultured dendritic cells (DC). A factor or factors in the DC supernatant normalized serum IFN-γ levels and T cell responses in LPS-injected GM-CSF−/− mice. IL-18 reproduced some but not all of these in vivo and in vitro effects of DC supernatants. Our results indicate that GM-CSF is important in protecting T cells from inhibitory signals generated during immunization or exposure to LPS, and that this effect of GM-CSF is indirect and mediated by factors produced by DC.     

干扰素和肿瘤坏死因子对人脐静脉内皮细胞表达HLA-Ⅱ类抗原的影响

采用cell-ELISA法对IFN-α、γ及rTNFα单独或协同影响人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）表达HLA-Ⅱ类抗原作了定量观察。结果表明,IFNγ直接刺激 HUVEC可依浓度和时间依赖的方式提高其 HLA-Ⅱ类抗原表达量,而rTNFα、IFNα单独处理HUVEC无效。当rTNFα和IFNγ同时诱导时,对HUVEC表达HLA-DR、DP、DQ均表现抑制作用。但是,当先用IFNγ诱导HUVEC 24h后,再加入rTNFα则发现DR、DP、DQ的表达升高,起促进作用。     

Interferon-γ and interleukin-4 reciprocally regulate the production of monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils through a direct effect on committed monopotential bone marrow progenitor cells

We studied the direct effects of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in single cell colony assays of CD34⁺HLA-DR++ bone marrow progenitor cells stimulated by either granu-locyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin(IL)-3, granulocyte/macro-phage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), combinations of these CSF or medium conditioned by the 5637 human bladder carcinoma cell line. In this culture system IFN-γ stimulated monocytic colonies (CFU-M) no matter which CSF or CSF combination was used to support them and inhibited granulocytic colonies (CFU-G) if they were generated in the presence of G-CSF. IL-4 antagonized the myelopoietic effects of IFN-γ: the IFN-γ induced suppression of G-CSF-supported CFU-G, as well as the stimulation of CFU-M, were reversed by IL-4. In all cultures, IFN-γ had a limited, but statistically non-significant, inhibitory effect on CFU-GM, which was not affected by the presence of IL-4. These data show that IFN-γ and IL-4 reciprocally regulate the generation of myeloid cells involved in humoral (neutrophils) and cellular (macrophages) immune responses through a direct effect on monopotential myeloid progenitor cells.     

Nicotinamide and 3-Aminobenzamide Reduce Interferon-γ -Induced Class II MHC (HLA-DR and -DP) Molecule Expression on Cultured Human Endothelial Cells and Fibroblasts

Abstract

We investigated the effects of nicotinamide and 3-aminobenzamide, known as inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, on the expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) -induced class I and II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Indirect immunofluorescent staining on HUVEC and HDF was performed using monoclonal antibodies against class I MHC (HLA-A, B, C) and class II MHC (HLA-DR, HLA-DP and HLA-DQ) molecules, and then the expression of these molecules was determined using a fluorescence flow cytometry. Human recombinant IFN-γ (100 U/ml) increased the expression of HLA-A, B, C molecules, and induced the expression of HLA-DR molecules and, to a lesser extent, of HLA-DP on both HUVEC and HDF. HLA-DQ molecules were not induced by IFN-γ on either cell type. Nicotinamide and 3-aminobenzamide in the concentration great-er than or equal to 1 mM reduced the IFN-γ -induced expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DP on both HUVEC and HDF, whereas neither agent in the concentration of up to 10 mM affected the IFN-γ -induced increase in HLA-A, B, C molecule expression. These data suggest that nicotinamide and 3-aminobenzamide suppress antigen presenting function of class II MHC positive endothelial cells and fibroblasts at the site of tissue inflammation.     

人脐血非造血干细胞免疫原性的实验研究

目的 探讨人脐血非造血干细胞免疫原性,为脐血非造血干细胞的应用提供依据.方法 通过流式细胞术检测人脐血非造血干细胞的免疫表型;体外混合淋巴细胞培养观察人脐血非造血干细胞原代、P1代、诱导分化细胞及干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)刺激异种T淋巴细胞增殖活化作用.结果 人脐血非造血于细胞表达HLA-ABC,微弱表达HLA-DR,经IFN-γ处理后,未明显改变HLA-ABC、HLA-DR的表达水平.混合淋巴细胞培养未见各处理组人脐血非造血干细胞明显刺激T淋巴细胞的增殖.结论 人脐血非造血干细胞无论原代、传代细胞、分化细胞及IFN-γ处理的细胞免疫原性均较弱.     

癫痫患者IFN-r、T细胞亚群及HLA-DR的检测

本文对28例癫痫患者的外周血单个核细胞(PBMCS)进行培养,测定了诱生的IFN-γ水平,同时检测其中17例的T细胞亚群和HLA-DR抗原,对比其相关性,并与对照组比较.结果表明癫痫患者的IFN-γ诱生能力增强,且与病因、病程、脑电图、类型、药物无关;CD8细胞显著升高,CD4/CD8显著低于对照组;HLA-DR抗原异常表达;IFN-γ与HLA-DR之间呈显著正相关,IFN-γ与CD8细胞之间无相关性,提示癫痫患者体内细胞免疫调节网络失衡,活化的淋巴细胞及其产生高水平的IFN-γ通过多种机制参与癫痫的病理过程,进一步从免疫细胞和免疫分子调节水平探讨了癫痫的免疫学发病机制.