经颅多普勒及彩色经颅多普勒超声与DSA对烟雾病诊断的比较分析

目的探讨经颅多普勒(TCD)及彩色经颅多普勒超声(TCCD)对烟雾病诊断的临床应用价值。方法采用TCD及TCCD探测137例烟雾病患者颅内血管血流动力学的改变,并与其DSA结果比较分析。结果 TCD探测24例,明确诊断22例,高度怀疑1例,阴性者1例,与DSA比较诊断符合率为96%。TCCD探测113例,明确诊断102例,高度怀疑8例,因无透声窗检测失败3例,与DSA比较诊断符合率为97%。结论 TCD及TCCD均能实时动态地观察颅底血管血流动力学的改变,而TCCD对颅内动脉狭窄处血流显示更敏感,更有助于准确判断血管闭塞与轻度狭窄,对烟雾病的诊断具有更高的应用价值;又因其无创,病人易接受,两者可作为烟雾病患者诊断、定期随访的首选方法。     

精神分裂症经颅彩色多普勒超声检测分析

目的 初步探讨精神分裂症患者的脑动脉血流动力学改变。方法 应用经颅彩色多普勒超声(TCD)检测108例精神分裂症患者,并与31例正常人TCD检测进行对照。结果 精神分裂症患者中有78例(72.2％)TCD诊断异常,对照组中有9例(29.0％)TCD诊断异常,两组异常率有显著性差异(P<0.001);TCD诊断异常主要表现为动脉的痉挛、痉挛伴扩张、弹性下降、硬化及供血不足等;这些异常多发生在大脑前动脉、颈总动脉、基底动脉、椎动脉和大脑中动脉等。结论 精神分裂症患者可能存在脑动脉血流动力学改变,因此造成脑部血流灌注量减少。初步认为,TCD对精神分裂症的病因、诊断和治疗研究可能具有一定的参考价值。     

彩色经颅多普勒超声在脑血管疾病中的应用

目的研究不同脑血管病的血流动力学特征,探讨彩色多普勒超声对脑血管疾病诊断及疗效评估的应用价值。方法采用彩色经颅多普勒超声探测不同脑血管病并与DSA对照。结果实际探测985例脑血管病人,其中脑动静脉畸形240例,颅内动脉瘤409例,颈动脉海绵窦瘘113例,烟雾病148例,硬脑膜动静脉瘘75例,其检测结果与DSA符合率分别为92.9%、68.9%、100%、100%、85.3%。结论彩色经颅多普勒超声能实时直观地显示颅内及颈部血管血流状况,更全面、准确地提供颅内血流动力学信息,是脑血管病无创检测的重要手段之一。     

经颅多普勒及颈动脉彩色多普勒超声在临床应用中存在的问题及原因分析

正目前经颅多普勒(transcranial Doppler TCD)和颈动脉彩色多普勒超声(color Doppler ultrasonography,CDUS)在临床工作中得到广泛的应用,但仍然存在很多问题不规范操作TCD及CDUS,影响了准确性,从而消弱了血管超声在临床中的诊断价值,进而导致临床医生对TCD及CDUS的结果存在怀     

经颅多普勒与经颅彩色多普勒联合诊断动脉远端小型动静脉畸形一例报道

<正>1病例资料患者男性,49岁,因\"左侧后枕部疼痛1周\"于2015年9月17日就诊于吉林大学白求恩第一医院神经内科门诊。患者就诊1周前无明显诱因出现左侧后枕部胀痛,伴眩晕、恶心、多汗、视力减退、视物双影,平均每日发作一次,一次持续数小时,口服镇痛药后头痛、恶心、呕吐等症状完全缓解,但仍遗留有轻微的视力减退及视物双影。既往史:体健,无吸烟饮酒史,无脑血管病家族史。入院查体:血压:125/80 mm Hg(左上     

经颅多普勒超声椎动脉血流速度减低的病理机制与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨缺血性卒中患者椎动脉血流速度减低的病理机制及超声鉴别诊断.方法 纳入经颅多普勒超声(transcranial Doppler ultrasound,TCD)显示椎动脉血流速度减低的缺血性脑卒中患者168例,以数字血管减影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)为\"金标准\"进行分组,比较各组椎动脉峰值流速(systolic velocity,Vs)及血管搏动指数(pulsatility index,PI)的差异.结果 椎动脉正常组41 例(24.4%);椎动脉发育不良/变异组55例(32.7%);椎动脉狭窄组72例(42.8%).正常组双侧椎动脉Vs及PI无统计学差异(P＞0.05);狭窄组患侧椎动脉Vs 低于健侧(P=0.000),PI 双侧对比无统计学差异(P＞0.05);发育变异组患侧椎动脉Vs 低于健侧(P=0.001),PI则高于健侧(P=0.004).不同病变类型血流动力学的比较显示,椎动脉起始段≥70%狭窄者、椎动脉变异者及颅内段闭塞者Vs均低于正常椎动脉(均P＜0.05),椎动脉起始段轻-中度狭窄者Vs与正常椎动脉无统计学差异(P=0.195);正常椎动脉PI与上述各组比较均有统计学差异(P＜0.05),椎动脉起始段≥70%狭窄者PI最低(0.77±0.37),低于正常椎动脉、椎动脉变异、椎动脉起始段轻-中度狭窄及颅内段闭塞者(均P＜0.05);而颅内段闭塞者PI则明显高于上述各组(1.47±0.13,P=0.000).结论 TCD椎动脉血流速度减低可见于椎动脉正常、发育不良/变异、起始段重度狭窄/闭塞以及颅内段闭塞,双侧椎动脉血流速度和PI对称性的比较对于鉴别诊断具有重要意义.     

眩晕病人彩色多普勒超声检测椎动脉的临床意义

目的应用彩色多普勒超声检测椎动脉血流,探讨椎动脉供血情况与眩晕的关系。方法眩晕病人27例,经CT排除颅内病变存在。健康对照组20例,均经检查无心脑血管疾病。利用彩色多普勒进行双侧椎动脉内径、心率及相关血流参数测量,计算椎动脉血流量。结果27例眩晕病人中,有16例一侧或双侧椎动脉血流量较正常对照组低,有明显统计学意义,P<0.01。结论眩晕病人与彩色多普勒超声检测椎动脉血流量减低有一定的关系,经彩色多普勒检测椎动脉对无颅内病变的眩晕病人病因的确定有明确的临床意义。     

经颅多普勒超声对偏头痛的诊断价值

目的 探讨经颅多普勒超声(TCD)在偏头痛诊断中的价值。方法 应用TCD对240例偏头痛患者(其中典型偏头痛116例,普通型偏头痛124例)和50例健康者进行检查,对照分析颅内动脉的血流动力学变化。结果 典型偏头痛发作期大脑动脉平均血流速度高于对照组及普通型偏头痛组,且头痛侧与元痛侧比较有显著性差异;普通型偏头痛发作期与对照组脑动脉平均血流速度对比无差异。结论 TCD检查可为典型偏头痛提供临床诊断依据。     

精神分裂症病人的经颅多普勒检查结果分析

目的 探讨精神分裂症病人彩色经颅多普勒（ＴＣＤ）检查的异常表现。方法 对６０例精神分裂症病人（下称研究组）和３０例正常人（下称对照组）分别做了彩色经颅多普勒检查,对二者进行了对照分析。结果 研究组中有４５例（占７５％）存在有多条颅内动脉的血流动力学的异常改变,异常改变率高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．００５）,特别是血流速度减慢一项更有明显差异（Ｐ〈０．００５）。结论 精神分裂症的产生可能与重要脑区的供血异常     

青年与老年椎动脉型颈椎病的临床研究及其意义

目的 分析探讨青、老年椎动脉型颈椎病的临床特点和不同的发病机制。方法 对青年组(58例)、老年组(96例)患者的临床表现、颈椎X线、经颅彩色多普勒超声(TCD)、脑电图(EEG)、治疗及预后进行对比分析。结果①颈椎X线:老年组以椎间隙变窄、骨质增生、软组织钙化为著(P<0.025);青年组以曲度不自然为著(P<0.025)。②TCD检查:老年组显示左侧椎动脉的收缩峰期血流速度和基底动脉的平均血流速度明显缓慢(P<0.05),提示有动脉狭窄;青年组的血流速度快,提示有血管痉挛。③青年组的治疗和预后明显较老年组好(P<0.005)。④两组临床表现和脑电图无明显差异。结论 青、老年椎动脉型颈椎病患者发病存在不同的病理机制,应区别对待;青年患者以曲度变直、神经根易激惹、血管痉挛为主,应及时纠正不良工作习惯,减少神经根刺激;老年患者椎间隙狭窄、骨质钙化增生压迫神经,神经根激惹轻,以动脉狭窄为主,治疗效果差,易复发,应采取牵引、理疗等综合治疗。     

Computer-controlled acupuncture®. Quantification and separation of specific effects

Abstract

The effects of acupuncture have been described and handed down empirically for centuries but there are few reports based on objective data. The aim of this study was to provide selective evidence of a specific effect of acupuncture on the brain and the eye using a Doppler ultrasound technique. A transcranial Doppler sonography arrangement was developed to monitor blood flow profiles in the supratrochlear and middle cerebral arteries simultaneously and continuously. Two acupuncture schemas were tested in a randomized cross-over study with 13 patients with ophthalmologic diseases. Applying acupuncture needles to special eye points increased the blood flow velocity in the supratrochlear artery significantly (p < 0.001) compared to the reference interval before acupuncture. In the middle cerebral artery only a minimal, nonsignificant increase in blood flow velocity was seen. In contrast, acupuncture of points that are held to increase cerebral blood flow velocity increased blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery significantly (p < 0.001) while leaving that in the supratrochlear artery unchanged. Specific acupuncture produce specific, reproducible quantifiable effects on blood flow velocity in arteries to the brain and eye. [Neurol Res 1999; 21: 530–534]     

Treatment of vasospasm by balloon angioplasty: experimental studies and clinical experiences

Abstract

The vasodilation mode and degree of the invasion caused by balloon angioplasty were experimentally examined. Assessment by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the invasion to the implanted arterial wall, taken from a patient who died from vasospasm, was minimized by the use of the balloon under the condition at 1 atm, 10 times for 10 seconds. Furthermore, we applied angioplasty to eight patients who developed severe vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage, and five showed improvement in neuro-physiological (transcranial Doppler sonography), neuroradiological, and clinical examinations. In addition, blood vessels obtained from one patient who died 10 days after angioplasty, demonstrated similar findings to those of the experimental studies. It can be said that angioplasty will be one of the effective therapeutic methods to manage vasospasm when it is applied under the conditions mentioned above.     

Ultrasound-monitored effects of acupuncture on brain and eye

Abstract

/ new transcranial Doppler sonography arrangement was used to monitor blood flow profiles in the supratrochlear and middle cerebral arteries simultaneously and continuously. The technique selectively demonstrated the specific effect of acupuncture on the cranial arteries, in a 25-year-old female with pigmentary retinopathy. Stimulation of points Zanzhu and Yuyao led to a marked increase of blood flow velocity in the supratrochlear artery and to a decrease of flow velocity, in the middle cerebral artery. These acupuncture-induced effects were reproducible even though both arteries originate from the same major vessel. [Neurol Res 1999; 21: 373-377]     

经颅多普勒超声诊断锁骨下动脉盗血综合征的分析

目的:分析锁骨下动脉盗血患者的椎动脉血流速度及频谱的改变,探讨经颅多普勒超声在诊断锁骨下动脉盗血综合征的临床意义及可靠性。方法:用经颅多普勒超声仪检测双侧椎动脉血流速度及观察频谱的变化,并经彩色多普勒超声证实锁骨下动脉/或无名动脉是否存在血管的闭塞或狭窄。结果:患侧椎动脉血流速度减慢,对侧椎动脉血流速度增快及基底动脉血流速度增快或正常范围内,部分盗血者频普收缩峰反向或完全盗血者患侧椎动脉呈典型的全心动周期反向血流频谱;基底动脉血流速度正常或与健侧椎动脉血流速度代偿性增快。束臂试验阳性。结论:经颅多普勒超声可诊断锁骨下动脉盗血综合征,可以提高诊断锁骨下动脉盗血综合征的可靠性,为临床及早的诊断和治疗提供了的依据。     

经颅多普勒超声结合二氧化碳试验评价颈内动脉狭窄患者的脑血管反应

目的:检测颈内动脉(intracranial artery,ICA)狭窄患者的脑血管反应性(CVR),探讨其狭窄程度与脑血管反应性之间的关系,以期为临床治疗及预防提供依据.方法:对不同程度ICA狭窄患者,采用德国DWL型经颅多普勒超声(TCD)检测仪,结合二氧化碳试验分别测得过度换气、吸入CO2气体、屏气后的大脑中动脉(MCA)的脑血流速度以计算CVR.结果:①病例组中ICA-MCA狭窄患者通过过度换气、吸入CO2气体、屏气后MCA的最大速度变化率、平均速度变化率均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);②病例组轻、中、高度ICA狭窄或者闭塞ICA-MCA狭窄患者吸入CO2气体后各组MCA血流速度增加率依次减低,并且两两比较,P＜0.05,差异有显著意义.ICA-MCA狭窄患者由于血管狭窄、闭塞、血流受阻使CVR功能降低,狭窄程度越重,CVR功能越差,发生低灌注的危险性越大.结论:经颅多普勒超声检测CVR可行,可作为评估CVR的简便手段之一.     

Transcranial Doppler and Carotid Duplex Ultrasonography Findings in Bow Hunter''s Syndrome

Bow hunter's syndrome (BHS) is caused by transient vertebro-basilar ischemia on head rotation. We report a patient with BHS who was identified from dynamic changes to blood flow velocities in the posterior cerebral, basilar and vertebral arteries using carotid duplex ultrasonography and transcranial Doppler, simultaneously. Neurosonology appears to be useful for diagnosing and evaluating BHS.