敲低CXCR4表达抑制胃癌细胞HGC27的增殖

目的:初步探索CXCR4与胃癌细胞HGC27增殖的关系。方法:构建携带CXCR4短发夹RNA(shRNA)的慢病毒载体质粒,并转染至293T细胞中,48 h后收集上清感染HGC27细胞,用Western印迹鉴定其干扰CXCR4蛋白表达的效果,采用CCK8实验检测敲低CXCR4表达对HGC27细胞增殖的影响。结果:双酶切鉴定和基因测序表明敲低CXCR4慢病毒载体质粒构建成功;慢病毒感染后有效抑制HGC27细胞中CXCR4蛋白水平,敲低CXCR4表达对HGC27细胞增殖有显著的抑制作用。结论:CXCR4参与了胃癌细胞HGC27的增殖,提示CXCR4有望成为一个新的胃癌治疗靶点。     

内蒙古白绒山羊4E-BP1基因cDNA克隆及组织表达特异性分析

旨在克隆内蒙古白绒山羊4E-BP1(真核细胞翻译起始因子4E结合蛋白1)基因并进行生物信息学及表达模式分析。根据已报道物种4E-BP1基因cDNA序列,用primer premier5软件设计引物,通过RT-PCR从绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞总RNA中扩增出4E-BP1基因编码区cDNA序列,对目的片段进行测序及表达模式分析。克隆到的内蒙古白绒山羊4E-BP1基因cDNA全长357 bp,包含了完整的的ORF,编码118个氨基酸残基。核酸序列与牛、马、人、大鼠及小鼠的同源性分别为98%、90%、90%、88%和87%。4E-BP1基因在绒山羊脑、心脏、睾丸及胰腺组织中均有表达。     

mTOR/4E-BP1参与诺考达唑诱导的Dami细胞多倍体化调控

目的:多倍性是物种形成的重要机制,决定一些重要器官细胞产生的数量和功能,而且与某些病理过程(如恶性肿瘤)的发生有密切关系.我们通过建立相对同步化的多倍体细胞模型,已经证实mTOR/S6K1参与多倍体细胞周期的调控.本课题主要研究mTOR下游的另一个重要信号分子4E-BP1是否也参与细胞的倍体化调控.方法:诺考达唑诱导Dami细胞建立相对同步化的多倍体细胞模型,Western-blot分析多倍体细胞模型中mTOR/4E-BP1通路信号分子表达和磷酸化修饰位点的变化,流式细胞仪双荧光分析4E-BP1不同结构域磷酸化位点修饰与细胞周期各时相的关系.结果:诺考达唑诱导的Dami细胞可作为相对同步化的多倍体细胞周期模型,在二倍体和多倍体细胞周期中,mTOR表达增加及第2448位丝氨酸位点磷酸化发生在G1期进入S期,4E-BP1的第37,46位苏氨酸和第65位丝氨酸位点磷酸化发生在G2/M期.结论:mTOR/4E-BP1通路参与多倍体细胞周期的调控.     

慢病毒载体介导RAB27A基因过表达对人HepG2肝癌细胞增殖的影响

目的：构建RAB27A基因慢病毒表达载体,并研究RAB27A 对人HepG2肝癌细胞增殖能力的影响。方法：以pEGFP-C1-RAB27A质粒为模板,PCR扩增出融合绿色荧光蛋白的RAB27A基因全长,酶切后插入穿梭载体pENTR/U6,再应用Gateway技术,基因重组到表达载体pHAGE-EF1α-puro-DEST上,构建得到重组慢病毒表达载体pHAGE-GFP-RAB27A-puro。测序鉴定序列正确后,将其与包装质粒psPAX2和包膜质粒pMD2.G共转HEK-293T细胞进行慢病毒包装。收集并浓缩培养上清以获得慢病毒颗粒感染HepG2细胞。荧光显微镜下观察HEK-293T细胞和慢病毒感染HepG2细胞绿色荧光强度;Western blot检测稳定感染HepG2细胞株RAB27A 蛋白表达水平;CCK8和平皿克隆形成实验检测稳定过表达RAB27A的HepG2细胞增殖活力的变化;流式细胞术检测稳定过表达RAB27A的HepG2细胞周期分布情况。结果：经双酶切及测序结果证实重组慢病毒表达载体构建正确;浓缩后病毒滴度较高;重组慢病毒感染HepG2细胞后,细胞外源RAB27A的蛋白表达水平显著上调,HepG2细胞的增殖活力和克隆形成能力受到明显抑制（P<0.01）,S期细胞分布比例明显降低（P<0.01）。结论： RAB27A 基因重组慢病毒表达载体构建成功,外源过表达RAB27A 基因可显著抑制HepG2细胞增殖能力。RAB27A在肝细胞癌发生发展和迁移中扮演了重要角色。     

人Semaphorin 4D慢病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的:构建并制备能够有效表达Semaphorin 4D的重组慢病毒。方法:从人急性T细胞白血病Jurkat细胞DNA 扩增人Semaphorin 4D基因,克隆至pWPI GW慢病毒载体上,与pVSVG及pSPAX质粒共转染人胚肾293T细胞,包装出重组慢病毒,将纯化后的重组病毒直接感染293T和HUVEC细胞,通过免疫印迹、免疫荧光染色和血管内皮细胞迁移分析等方法检测Semaphorin 4D的表达和诱导血管内皮细胞迁移的作用。结果: 重组慢病毒介导Semaphorin 4D在293T和HUVEC内获得表达,能介导血管内皮细胞迁移。结论:成功构建了表达Semaphorin 4D的重组慢病毒载体。     

STAT3对PTEN缺失的HGC27细胞增殖的影响

目的:初步探索STAT3与HGC27胃癌细胞增殖的关系。方法:用T4 DNA连接酶将外源片段与酶切后的p LKO.1载体连接,将构建的重组质粒转染293T细胞,48 h后收集上清用于感染HGC27细胞,Western印迹检测蛋白的表达,生长实验检测其对肿瘤细胞增殖的影响。结果:基因测序和双酶切鉴定表明敲低STAT3质粒构建成功;慢病毒质粒有效抑制HGC27细胞中STAT3蛋白水平,抑制STAT3对HGC27细胞的增殖有明显抑制作用。结论:在PTEN缺失的HGC27胃癌细胞中STAT3促进肿瘤增殖,但STAT3并不是在所有PTEN缺失的肿瘤细胞中都发挥抑制肿瘤形成的作用。     

靶向ADAM17基因RNA干扰慢病毒载体的构建及慢病毒包装

目的构建靶向ADAM17基因RNA干扰（RNAi）慢病毒载体及包装慢病毒。方法根据人ADAM17mRNA序列设计4个靶序列,合成4对寡核苷酸序列,同时合成1对阴性对照寡核苷酸序列;将以上5对寡核苷酸序列退火后连入pLVTHM质粒,经酶切和测序鉴定。将重组慢病毒质粒转染至A549细胞,以Real-time PCR检测A549细胞中ADAM17 mRNA表达。将干扰效果最佳的质粒载体和包装质粒共转染至293T细胞,包装产生病毒颗粒。以流式细胞术检测重组慢病毒的滴度。结果酶切和测序证实干扰靶序列已被准确克隆到pLVTHM质粒载体。pLVTHM-ADAM17-siRNA1-4均可显著抑制A549细胞ADAM17 mRNA的表达,其中pLVTHM-ADAM17-siRNA4的抑制效果最佳。LV-ADAM17-siRNA4重组慢病毒的滴度为2.16×108TU/ml。结论成功构建了靶向人ADAM17基因RNAi慢病毒载体及包装了重组慢病毒。     

PES1慢病毒表达载体的构建及其对乳腺癌ZR75-30细胞生长的影响

目的:利用慢病毒载体表达PES1基因,研究其对乳腺癌ZR75-30细胞生长的影响.方法:以乳腺文库为模板,PCR扩增PES1基因,克隆到pCDH载体,构建成pCDH-PES1,将其与包装载体共转293T细胞,包装成Lenti-PES1慢病毒载体并测定病毒滴度,感染乳腺癌ZR75-30细胞,Western印迹鉴定病毒载体...     

小鼠FSP27基因沉默的前脂肪细胞系的建立

用含有针对小鼠FSP27基因的siRNA慢病毒,感染小鼠前脂肪细胞系3T3-L1,建立小鼠FSP27基因沉默的前脂肪细胞系,为进一步研究该基因在脂肪细胞分化和脂肪代谢过程中的作用提供实验材料.根据小鼠FSP27基因设计双链siRNA,克隆至pSilencer2.1-U6质粒,形成含U6-siRNAbox的重组质粒.在293T细胞中检测siRNA沉默FSP27基因的效率,结果显示,siRNA可以高效地抑制外源小鼠FSP27的表达.将U6-siRNAbox重组到慢病毒载体FG12上,并将慢病毒载体与其他辅助载体用磷酸钙法转入293T细胞,包装成慢病毒.收集、浓缩、纯化病毒上清并用来感染靶细胞3T3-L1,检测感染效率和内源蛋白表达量的变化.结果显示,该siRNA可以高效地抑制内源小鼠FSP27的表达,并且siRNA插入基因组中,形成稳定表达.至此,小鼠FSP27基因沉默的前脂肪细胞系成功建立,为研究FSP27基因的功能提供了研究基础.     

KLF4siRNA慢病毒载体构建和鉴定

目的:构建上皮锌指蛋白4(Krüppel-like factor 4,KLF4)siRNA慢病毒载体并进行初步鉴定,为研究KLF4在宫颈细胞癌中的分子机制奠定基础。方法:利用公用网站中提供的RNA干扰序列设计原则,设计4个RNA干扰靶点序列,合成含干扰序列的单链DNA oligo,然后退火配对产生双链,再通过其两端所含酶切位点直接连入酶切后的RNAi慢病毒载体上;将连接产物转入制备好的细菌感受态细胞,PCR鉴定阳性重组子后,送测序验证,测序结果经比对确认正确的克隆,制备编码慢病毒颗粒的重组病毒质粒及其两种辅助包装原件载体质粒,共转染293T细胞,收集富含慢病毒颗粒上清液,对其浓缩后得到高滴度的慢病毒浓缩液,在293T细胞中测定并标定病毒滴度。收集上清液感染宫颈癌He La细胞,通过q RT-PCR及Western Blot鉴定KLF4 siRNA慢病毒干扰效果。结果:成功构建KLF4 siRNA慢病毒载体。KLF4 siRNA慢病毒感染He La细胞后,q RT-PCR及Western Blot测定结果显示,KLF4表达明显降低。结论:KLF4 siRNA慢病毒载体构建及包装成功,可有效抑制KLF4表达,为研究KLF4生物学功能奠定基础。     

mTOR／4E—BP1参与诺考达唑诱导的Dami细胞多倍体化调控

目的：多倍性是物种形成的重要机制,决定一些重要器官细胞产生的数量和功能,而且与某些病理过程（如恶性肿瘤）的发生有密切关系。我们通过建立相对同步化的多倍体细胞模型,已经证实mTOR／S6K1参与多倍体细胞周期的调控。本课题主要研究roTOR下游的另一个重要信号分子4E-BP1是否也参与细胞的倍体化调控。方法：诺考达唑诱导Dami细胞建立相对同步化的多倍体细胞模型,Western-blot分析多倍体细胞模型中mTOR／4E—BP1通路信号分子表达和磷酸化修饰位点的变化,流式细胞仪双荧光分析4E—BP1不同结构域磷酸化位点修饰与细胞周期各时相的关系。结果：诺考达唑诱导的Dami细胞可作为相对同步化的多倍体细胞周期模型,在二倍体和多倍体细胞周期中,mTOR表达增加及第2448位丝氨酸位点磷酸化发生在G1期进入S期,4E—BP1的第37,46位苏氨酸和第65位丝氨酸位点磷酸化发生在G2／M期。结论：mTOR／4E-BP1通路参与多倍体细胞周期的调控。     

eIF4E/4E-BP dissociation and 4E-BP degradation in the first mitotic division of the sea urchin embryo

The mRNA's cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)4E is a major target for the regulation of translation initiation. eIF4E activity is controlled by a family of translation inhibitors, the eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs). We have previously shown that a rapid dissociation of 4E-BP from eIF4E is related with the dramatic rise in protein synthesis that occurs following sea urchin fertilization. Here, we demonstrate that 4E-BP is destroyed shortly following fertilization and that 4E-BP degradation is sensitive to rapamycin, suggesting that proteolysis could be a novel means of regulating 4E-BP function. We also show that eIF4E/4E-BP dissociation following fertilization is sensitive to rapamycin. Furthermore, while rapamycin modestly affects global translation rates, the drug strongly inhibits cyclin B de novo synthesis and, consequently, precludes the completion of the first mitotic cleavage. These results demonstrate that, following sea urchin fertilization, cyclin B translation, and thus the onset of mitosis, are regulated by a rapamycin-sensitive pathway. These processes are effected at least in part through eIF4E/4E-BP complex dissociation and 4E-BP degradation.     

4E-BP1 participates in maintaining spindle integrity and genomic stability via interacting with PLK1

The essential function of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in translation initiation has been well established; however, the role of 4E-BP1 in normal cell cycle progression is coming to attention. Here, we revealed the role of 4E-BP1 on mitotic regulation and chromosomal DNA dynamics during mitosis. First, we have observed the co-localization of the phosphorylated 4E-BP1 at T37/46 with Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) at the centrosomes during. Depression of 4E-BP1 by small interfering RNA in HepG2 or HeLa cells resulted in an increased outcome of polyploidy and aberrant mitosis, including chromosomal DNA misaligned and multi-polar spindles or multiple centrosomes. We observed that 4E-BP1 interacted with PLK1 directly in vitro and in vivo in mitotic cells, and the C-terminal aa 77–118 of 4E-BP1 mediates its interaction with PLK1. PLK1 can phosphorylate 4E-BP1 in vitro. Furthermore, the depletion of 4E-BP1 sensitized HepG2 and HeLa cells to the microtubule disruption agent paclitaxel. These results demonstrate that 4E-BP1, beyond its role in translation regulation, can function as a regulator of mitosis via interacting with PLK1, and possibly plays a role in genomic stability maintaining.     

High-dose rapamycin induces apoptosis in human cancer cells by dissociating mTOR complex 1 and suppressing phosphorylation of 4E-BP1

mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin, has been widely implicated in signals that promote cell cycle progression and survival in cancer cells. Rapamycin, which inhibits mTOR with high specificity, has consequently attracted much attention as an anti-cancer therapeutic. Rapamycin suppresses phosphorylation of S6 kinase at nano-molar concentrations, however at higher micro-molar doses, rapamycin induces apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines. While much is known about the effect of low dose rapamycin treatment, the mechanistic basis for the apoptotic effects of high-dose rapamycin treatment is not understood. We report here that the apoptotic effects of high-dose rapamycin treatment correlate with suppressing phosphorylation of the mTOR complex 1 substrate, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding protein-1 (4E-BP1). Consistent with this observation, ablation of eIF4E also resulted in apoptorsis in MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells. We also provide evidence that the differential dose effects of rapamycin are correlated with partial and complete dissociation of Raptor from mTORC1 at low and high doses, respectively. In contrast with MDA-MB-231 cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells survived rapamycin-induced suppression of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. We show that survival correlated with a hyper-phosphorylation of Akt at S473 at high rapamycin doses, the suppression of which conferred rapamycin sensitivity. This study reveals that the apoptotic effect of rapamycin requires doses that completely dissociate Raptor from mTORC1 and suppress that phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and inhibit eIF4E.     

4E-BP1 participates in maintaining spindle integrity and genomic stability via interacting with PLK1

The essential function of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in translation initiation has been well established; however, the role of 4E-BP1 in normal cell cycle progression is coming to attention. Here, we revealed the role of 4E-BP1 on mitotic regulation and chromosomal DNA dynamics during mitosis. First, we have observed the co-localization of the phosphorylated 4E-BP1 at T37/46 with Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) at the centrosomes during. Depression of 4E-BP1 by small interfering RNA in HepG2 or HeLa cells resulted in an increased outcome of polyploidy and aberrant mitosis, including chromosomal DNA misaligned and multi-polar spindles or multiple centrosomes. We observed that 4E-BP1 interacted with PLK1 directly in vitro and in vivo in mitotic cells, and the C-terminal aa 77–118 of 4E-BP1 mediates its interaction with PLK1. PLK1 can phosphorylate 4E-BP1 in vitro. Furthermore, the depletion of 4E-BP1 sensitized HepG2 and HeLa cells to the microtubule disruption agent paclitaxel. These results demonstrate that 4E-BP1, beyond its role in translation regulation, can function as a regulator of mitosis via interacting with PLK1, and possibly plays a role in genomic stability maintaining.     

Protein Phosphatase PPM1G Regulates Protein Translation and Cell Growth by Dephosphorylating 4E Binding Protein 1 (4E-BP1)

Protein translation initiation is a tightly controlled process responding to nutrient availability and mitogen stimulation. Serving as one of the most important negative regulators of protein translation, 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) binds to translation initiation factor 4E and inhibits cap-dependent translation in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Although it has been demonstrated previously that the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 is controlled by mammalian target of rapamycin in the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, the mechanism underlying the dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1 remains elusive. Here, we report the identification of PPM1G as the phosphatase of 4E-BP1. A coimmunoprecipitation experiment reveals that PPM1G binds to 4E-BP1 in cells and that purified PPM1G dephosphorylates 4E-BP1 in vitro. Knockdown of PPM1G in 293E and colon cancer HCT116 cells results in an increase in the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 at both the Thr-37/46 and Ser-65 sites. Furthermore, the time course of 4E-BP1 dephosphorylation induced by amino acid starvation or mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition is slowed down significantly in PPM1G knockdown cells. Functionally, the amount of 4E-BP1 bound to the cap-dependent translation initiation complex is decreased when the expression of PPM1G is depleted. As a result, the rate of cap-dependent translation, cell size, and protein content are increased in PPM1G knockdown cells. Taken together, our study has identified protein phosphatase PPM1G as a novel regulator of cap-dependent protein translation by negatively controlling the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1.