人自噬相关蛋白ATG7的原核表达及纯化鉴定

目的:原核表达并纯化自噬相关蛋白ATG7,初步鉴定其生物学活性。方法:利用PCR技术从人乳腺文库中扩增出人ATG7基因的编码序列,插入载体p ET-28a(+)得到重组质粒,经Bam HⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切鉴定后转化大肠杆菌Rossate菌株进行小量诱导,纯化融合蛋白His-ATG7,通过Western印迹和SDS-PAGE检测融合蛋白的纯化效果。结果:用PCR技术从人乳腺文库中扩增得到约2031 bp的目的片段,插入载体p ET-28a(+)后构建出His-ATG7重组质粒,并经酶切鉴定及测序证实无误;转化大肠杆菌Rossate并进行小量诱导,纯化后SDS-PAGE检测显示获得相对分子质量约为78×103的融合蛋白。结论:纯化得到原核系统表达的His-ATG7融合蛋白,为后续研究ATG7在自噬中的作用机制奠定了实验基础。     

人自噬相关蛋白ATG5的原核表达及纯化

目的:原核表达纯化带His标签的自噬相关蛋白ATG5。方法:利用PCR技术从人乳腺文库中扩增出人ATG5基因的编码序列,插入载体p ET-28a(+)中得到重组质粒,经Bam HⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切鉴定后转化大肠杆菌Ros-sate进行小量诱导,挑选出可以诱导His-ATG5蛋白的菌液进行融合蛋白的纯化,通过Western印迹和SDS-PAGE检测融合蛋白的纯化效果。结果:用PCR技术从人乳腺文库中扩增得到约828 bp的目的片段,插入载体p ET-28a(+)构建出His-ATG5重组质粒并经酶切及测序验证;转化大肠杆菌Rossate后进行小量诱导表达并纯化蛋白,SDS-PAGE检测显示获得相对分子质量约为38×103的融合蛋白。结论:原核表达并纯化获得His-ATG5融合蛋白,为后续研究ATG5在自噬中的作用机制奠定了实验基础。     

家蝇肽聚糖识别蛋白(PGRP-SA)的克隆表达及细菌结合研究

对家蝇PGRP-SA基因进行克隆表达以及研究其重组蛋白与细菌结合能力。从构建的家蝇(Musca domestica)幼虫cDNA质粒文库中筛选到PGRP-SA基因,以cDNA质粒为模板设计引物,通过PCR扩增,获得PGRP-SA基因完整编码序列。运用生物信息学方法对该基因及其编码蛋白进行预测和分析。构建pET-28a(+)-PGRP-SA重组质粒,转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达及蛋白纯化。利用半定量RT-PCR检测PGRP-SA在家蝇3龄幼虫不同组织中的表达量差异。PGRP-SA重组蛋白进行微生物结合实验。结果表明,PGRP-SA基因ORF全长615 bp,编码204个氨基酸,理论分子量22.8 k D,等电点9.11,具有保守的PGRP结构域。成功构建了pET-28a(+)-PGRP-SA重组质粒,蛋白经IPTG诱导后在大肠杆菌中获得表达,经亲和层析柱纯化获得目的蛋白,利用Western blot检测证明纯化蛋白与预期大小相符。PGRP-SA在家蝇3龄幼虫血淋巴、脂肪体、前肠、中肠、气管、马氏管都有表达,血淋巴组织中表达量最高,后肠无表达,由此说明PGRP-SA基因的表达具有一定的组织性。PGRP-SA重组蛋白能与金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌结合,与白色念珠菌不能结合。成功表达及纯化家蝇PGRP-SA蛋白,证实家蝇PGRP-SA能与金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌结合。     

人重组PSP及其生物活性研究

为了获得人重组 persephin( PSP)并研究其生物学活性 ,从人胎脑组织中提取总 RNA,以RT- PCR方法获取编码人 PSP成熟蛋白 c DNA.将人 PSP c DNA插入含 T7启动子的质粒 p ET-2 8a( + ) ,构建表达质粒 p ET- PSP,转化大肠杆菌 BL 2 1 ( DE3)获得表达菌株 BLPSP,经 IPTG诱导表达的 PSP形成包含体 .凝胶自动扫描分析表明 ,PSP表达量约占菌体总蛋白 2 0 %以上 .用Ni2 + - NTA树脂一步法纯化目的蛋白 ,纯度达 85%以上 .纯化和复性的 PSP蛋白能显著促进脊髓神经元的存活 .     

热玫瑰小双孢菌来源的丙酮酸磷酸双激酶的表达及应用

以热玫瑰小双孢菌基因组DNA为模板, 通过PCR扩增得到了编码PPDK的基因, 将此基因片段插入到表达载体pET28a(+)中构建得到了重组表达质粒pET28a(+)-PPDK, 将重组表达质粒pET28a(+)-PPDK转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中, 经过IPTG诱导, 重组菌成功表达了N端带有6-His Tag的重组PPDK。经SDS-PAGE分析, 重组PPDK单体分子量为101 kD。经过镍亲和层析和超滤后, 重组PPDK蛋白基本达到电泳纯, 并被成功应用于焦测序中。     

热玫瑰小双孢菌来源的丙酮酸磷酸双激酶的表达及应用

以热玫瑰小双孢菌基因组DNA为模板, 通过PCR扩增得到了编码PPDK的基因, 将此基因片段插入到表达载体pET28a(+)中构建得到了重组表达质粒pET28a(+)-PPDK, 将重组表达质粒pET28a(+)-PPDK转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中, 经过IPTG诱导, 重组菌成功表达了N端带有6-His Tag的重组PPDK。经SDS-PAGE分析, 重组PPDK单体分子量为101 kD。经过镍亲和层析和超滤后, 重组PPDK蛋白基本达到电泳纯, 并被成功应用于焦测序中。     

家蝇伴侣蛋白TCP-1基因的序列分析、克隆及诱导表达

旨在对EST筛选得到的家蝇伴侣蛋白TCP-1(MD-TCPⅠ)基因进行序列分析,克隆其cDNA序列并在大肠杆菌中诱导表达。采用EST测序技术从已构建的家蝇幼虫cDNA质粒文库中筛选到MD-TCPⅠ基因,对其进行序列测定和分析。以该基因的cDNA文库质粒为模板,通过PCR的方法进行扩增,以pET-28a(+)为载体构建重组质粒,再转化到表达宿主大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,IPTG诱导表达。表达产物通过SDS-PAGE进行鉴定。结果显示,MD-TCPⅠ基因ORF全长753 bp,编码250个氨基酸,理论分子量27.07 kD;等电点5.92,该序列编码的蛋白属于热休克蛋白60家族的TCP。构建了正确基因序列MD-TCPⅠ重组表达质粒,重组蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达。     

人TRAF3IP3基因剪接异构体2的克隆表达和生物信息学分析

[目的]克隆、原核表达并纯化人类TRAF3IP3基因剪接异构体2(TRAF3IP3iso2),对TRAF3IP3iso2蛋白进行生物信息学分析。[方法]从人骨髓单个核细胞c DNA中扩增TRAF3IP3iso2开放阅读框区,双酶切连入原核表达载体p ET-28a(+),重组质粒转化E.coli Rosetta(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定表达效果,Ni-NTA亲和层析柱纯化目的蛋白;根据测序结果对TRAF3IP3iso2蛋白进行生物信息学分析。[结果]成功克隆了人类TRAF3IP3iso2编码区并构建了原核表达载体p ET-28a(+)-TRAF3IP3iso2,在大肠杆菌中诱导表达、纯化获得了相对分子量约22.7k Da的融合蛋白;生物信息学分析显示TRAF3IP3iso2蛋白二级结构以α螺旋为主,无TRAF3IP3iso1蛋白的跨膜区结构。[结论]证明了人类TRAF3IP3iso2的存在,为TRAF3IP3功能的研究提供了实验依据。     

沙门菌外膜蛋白D的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

目的:在大肠杆菌中表达沙门菌外膜蛋白(OMP)D,纯化后制备兔抗OMPD抗体。方法:用PCR方法从鼠伤寒沙门菌中扩增出ompD基因,并插入融合表达载体pET-28a(+)的多克隆位点,构建重组表达质粒pET28a(+)-ompD;以重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),筛选阳性重组菌株,经IPTG诱导目的蛋白表达,在变性条件下对目的蛋白进行亲和层析纯化;以表达的OMPD蛋白免疫家兔,制备抗OMPD的多克隆抗体并进行鉴定。结果:扩增了ompD基因,测序证实正确后亚克隆于表达载体pET-28a(+)中,经PCR筛选和酶切鉴定获得阳性克隆,经诱导在大肠杆菌中表达出相对分子质量为40×103的目的蛋白并进行纯化;纯化的OMPD免疫家兔后,能有效地刺激特异性抗体的产生,抗血清的效价达到1∶10000以上,且具有良好的特异性。结论:构建ompD基因的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达;制备出兔抗OMPD抗体,效价及特异性均良好,为进一步制备肠黏膜高亲和力疫苗奠定了基础。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌毒力因子Z1444的原核表达及其丝/苏氨酸激酶活性验证

目的:在大肠杆菌中表达肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)毒力岛上的毒力因子Z1444并纯化,对其丝/苏氨酸激酶活性进行初步检测。方法:根据GenBank中Z1444基因序列及pET-28a(+)载体的多克隆位点设计引物,以EHECO157∶H7全菌裂解液为模板,经PCR钓取1047 bp的目的片段,与表达载体pET-28a(+)连接,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a(+)-Z1444,将其转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,IPTG诱导蛋白表达并经SDS-PAGE鉴定,利用体外反应体系鉴定重组蛋白的丝/苏氨酸激酶活性。结果:双酶切和测序鉴定表明,pET-28a(+)-Z1444原核表达质粒构建正确;诱导表达后经纯化,获得纯度在90%以上的可溶性重组Z1444,相对分子量约为38×103;体外酶活实验验证了Z1444的丝/苏氨酸激酶活性。结论:Z1444在大肠杆菌中获得高效可溶性表达,为后续功能验证奠定了基础。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.