浙江省食品安全示范市评价指标体系研究

目的 构建一套科学、合理、可操作的市级食品安全监管水平评价指标体系,为各地市食品安全监管水平的精准评价提供一定的借鉴。方法 基于浙江省食品安全示范县创建的经验,通过实地调研、文献查阅、专家访谈,利用平衡计分卡理论和网络层次分析法确定评价指标体系,并运用该体系对浙江省11个地市进行评价实施。结果 工作业绩、相关利益人、内部管理、学习与成长4个一级指标权重分别为0.107 6、0.343 9、0.488 3、0.062 1,一级指标下设10个二级指标和51个三级指标,11个地市评价结果与2020年浙江食品安全工作评议考核结果相符。结论 该评价指标体系能科学客观地评估和反映各地市食品安全监管水平。     

食品安全综合评价指标体系构建与应用

目的：构建一套规范的食品安全综合评价指标体系。方法：从理论研究和实践探索两个层面梳理了国内外食品安全综合评价指标体系研究现状。结果：基于层次分析法和德尔菲法构建了一套涵盖6个准则、24项一级指标、41项二级指标的食品安全综合评价指标体系;应用该套指标结合相关统计数据对天津市各行政区食品安全状况开展实证分析。结论：该套指标能够有效评价各区食品安全状况,具备综合性、实操性、可比性等优势。     

基于熵权与集对分析的食品供应链安全预警模型研究

食品供应链是食品安全监管体系的重要组成部分和载体。食品安全预警和监测工作是有效应对食品安全突发事件的前提和基础。文章针对食品安全供应链的相关环节,在分析基本预警要素的基础上,构建面向食品供应链的安全预警指标体系,并根据企业生产特点,应用层次分析法的原理,建立食品供应链预警的层次结构模型。在集对分析过程中,引入信息熵的概念,在原有采用专家经验法确定权重的基础上,综合运用熵权法使权重确定更具客观性和科学性,减少评判过程中的信息流失,保证原始信息的完整性。差异度i的取值,说明系统的同一、对立和不确定项之间的转化程度,反映出食品安全预警等级,是食品供应链安全管理工作的"晴雨表"和"方向标"。     

上海市闵行区部分食品镉污染暴露评估

目的 通过分析上海市闵行区居民膳食消费量及食品中镉污染物含量,了解我区居民通过膳食的镉暴露量,评估膳食的安全性.方法 采用食品类别选择性研究的方法,将2009年上海市居民食品消费量调查(闵行区)的数据和2007-2010年上海市闵行区8类食品污染物监测数据相结合,获得不同人群膳食镉暴露量,并对由膳食摄入的镉进行安全性评估.结果 (1)8类130件食品样品中镉的检出率为91.54％,超标率5.62％,超标食品主要是食用菌、猪肾及海水贝类;(2)平均每月镉的暴露量为0.441 1 mg/人,占每月可耐受摄入量(PTMI)的39.20％,每月暴露镉量的第90百分位值为1.096 4 mg/人,占PTMI的97.46％;(3)食用菌对镉暴露量的贡献率最高,为42.67％,其次是动物内脏,为20.39％,二类食品对镉暴露的贡献率占到63.06％;(4)各类人群所摄食品对镉暴露的贡献率有所不同,3岁以下儿童摄食的动物内脏对镉暴露的贡献率较高,而其他人群则为食用菌.结论 闵行区人群膳食总体处于安全状态;膳食中食用菌、猪肾、海水贝类对镉暴露的风险较大,应采取针对性措施,提高食品安全性.     

Challenges in Food Safety as Part of Food Security: Lessons Learnt on Food Safety in a Globalized World

Food safety should accomplish food and nutrition security. A key challenge to scale up food safety globally is to better leverage existing capacity and research working towards evidence-based decisions. At Ghent University since 2009 an annual 3-months international Intensive Training Program on Food Safety, Quality Assurance and Risk Analysis has been organized (www.itpfoodsafety.UGent.be). The trainees were asked to express their opinion on food safety concerns in their country and to select a case study to work on throughout the course. Main food safety issues had to do with bacterial pathogens, pesticide residues and mycotoxins which were challenged by lack of food safety knowledge and appropriate legislation and enforcement by government. They welcomed education and training on these topics in particular to elaborate on control measures including good hygienic practices, implementation of certified food safety management systems and setting of appropriate criteria. A number of topics are highlighted here in particular as these topics were shown to have a common ground of interest by several participants in several countries and throughout the years. These topics include among others safety of street foods, safe milk and cheese production, and risk assessment to control Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli in meat (and other foods). Although some recurring food safety issues could be identified, other topics are of particular concern in selected countries because of specific cultural appropriate eating habits. The world is changing fast. Problems change and the information stream is very intense. Leaders in food security should be aware about food safety as well, and will have to develop an attitude of continuous learning, critical thinking and be given the right tools(“know how”) to develop local solutions to address the emerging societal and environmental challenges to provide sufficient, safe, healthy, nutritious and sustainable produced food to the world's population.     

Eleven shades of food integrity: A halal supply chain perspective

BackgroundFood integrity is not only related to the good quality of the food product, nonetheless, it distresses closely more on the health, safety, religious and cultural matters. Weaknesses in handling, monitoring, processing and other factors along the food’s supply chain outbreaks the recent food integrity scandal. These outbreak food integrity scandals could be prevented if clear aspects that affect the food integrity were embraced along the food supply chain. This article is aiming to highlight the factors affecting food integrity in the context of the halal food supply chain and their potential for future research.Scope and approachThis review attempts to provide a wider view of supply chain management in the halal food industry. Attention is drawn to the literature on other food industries and the results there are put in the context of the halal food setting. In this review, it emphasizes the factors could be monitor or control that contributes to the problem of food integrity.Key findings and conclusionsEleven ‘shades’ of food integrity in the halal supply chain are offered, which can be categorized into four supply chain dimensions, related to raw materials, production, service, and the consumer. Each shade is defined and aligned with the results in the literature, and areas for future research are suggested. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided. The ‘shades’ highlighted can be used and considered by managers as fundamental insights to ponder in safeguarding the integrity of halal products.     

食品链质量安全追溯体系的建立

2015年实施新修订的《食品安全法》中第42条规定:"国家应建立食品安全全程追溯制度"。随着食品工业化的发展和消费者对食品安全要求的提高,建立食品全程追溯系统,对于不安全食品的召回以及查找食品链中的不安全问题点将起到非常重大作用,已成为食品安全保障工作的重要措施。根据追溯涉及到的食品供应链组织,可以将追溯划分为内部追溯和外部追溯。食品链中食品生产加工环节的追溯就属于内部追溯,目前我国较多食品企业尚未建立完整的食品安全管理体系且自动化程度较低,另外我国食品企业生产的食品种类繁多,缺少指导性文件导致内部追溯存在较大的困难。本文对食品生产加工环节追溯的现状与发展进行概述,建议通过健全同类产品追溯系统以及提高食品企业自动化程度建立完善的企业内部追溯系统,以更好地保障食品安全工作。     

基于AHP构建食品相关产品质量安全形势指标体系与实证评估

为提高食品相关产品质量安全水平,为政府科学、快速评估食品相关产品质量安全状况提供依据,基于层次分析法（AHP）,从规范监管、质量安全、行业健康、热点关注四个维度构建了一套食品相关产品质量安全形势评估指标体系,下设15个二级指标,并基于该体系对某市食品相关产品质量安全状况进行了实证评估。结果表明,该市食品相关产品质量安全形势总得分为87.43分,处于良好水平。     

中央电视台有关饮食营养和食品安全新闻调查分析

目的:分析中央电视台新闻报道对有关饮食营养及食品安全信息的关注程度、关注重点及其在近年社会经济发展过程中的变化。方法:以饮食、营养、食品为关键词检索中央电视台新闻节目数据库,对检索结果按具体内容进行分类分析。结果:共检索出1982～2008年间相关新闻报道943条,报道数量呈逐年上升趋势。其中,报道最多的内容依次为食品安全、公众营养及其政策和特殊人群营养等。2007年新闻内容的分析显示,减肥的报道多于肥胖和心血管病等;个别保健食品明星代言问题的报道多于其他食品安全报道的总和;有关儿童和青少年饮食营养的内容在公众营养和政策中的比例最高。结论:中央电视台有关饮食营养和食品安全新闻报道从一定程度上反映了我国当前相关领域的现状,但媒体关注的热点与公共卫生所面临的关键问题之间有所偏差。     

乡镇食品安全监管的困境与对策

阐述了乡镇食品安全状况,分析了乡镇食品安全监管困境,探讨了乡镇食品安全监管对策。提出应健全食品安全基层监管机构,加大食品监管经费投入,引入公众参与机制,规范农村食品营销市场,鼓励城市规模超市下乡入村开展连锁经营,建立无公害农产品生产基地,搞好农家自办宴席食品安全监管工作,加大食品安全宣传力度,构建食品安全网络平台和食品安全可追溯体系等。     

Food composition activities in South Africa

Researchers at the South African Medical Research Council used the Bangkok Declaration, Thailand, 2009, as a guideline for their food composition activities. The vision is to build a comprehensive food composition database for the country. Activities are directed at increasing the number of food items with country-specific nutrient information; encouraging research organisations, universities and the food industry to become involved in nutrient data generation and the generation of yield factors for South African dishes. The introduction of the South African Food Data System (SAFOODS) website and a symposium were major food composition activities. Educating users on the correct application of food composition data is an important endeavour. The national South African Food Data Advisory Group (SAFDAG) formed in 2008, advises and supports food composition activities at SAFOODS. In conclusion, with the support of SAFDAG, SAFOODS activities are aimed at compiling a country-specific food composition database and promoting its scientific use.     

食品供应链管理机制下的食品安全问题处理对策

近几年,我国经济高速发展,市场经济体制给我国经济带来了较大的发展空间,同时也产生了很多问题。其中食品安全问题逐渐凸现,每年我国食品安全问题都会被频繁曝光,比如苏丹红事件、毒大米事件、三鹿毒奶粉事件等,这些问题的出现给我国的食品安全管理带来了较大的困难。因此需要制定食品供应链管理措施,解决食品安全问题。本文主要从食品供应链管理机制下分析食品安全的影响因素,并提出解决这些问题的对策,为食品安全管理工作提供参考依据。     

Evaluation of the safety assurance level for Salmonella spp. throughout the food production chain in Switzerland

In Switzerland. the safeguarding of food is the responsibility of industry, organizations, and governmental authorities. The dispersion of the tasks and the diversity of implemented safety measures among involved stakeholders do not allow a general overview of the national safety assurance level provided. A comprehensive evaluation of the level of safety assurance provided for foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella spp. is therefore lacking, and the prevalence of Salmonella spp. at various points in the food production chain is not known. The objectives of this study were to (i) collect data on safety measures implemented throughout the food production chain in Switzerland regarding Salmonella spp.; (ii) evaluate the safety assurance level for Salmonella spp. at each step of the production chain for chicken meat, pork, beef, and milk and dairy products (bovine origin); and (iii) gather data on the prevalence of the pathogen at each step. Data on implemented safety assurance measures for Salmonella spp. were gathered from the various stakeholders in the food production chain. The data were analyzed by a semiquantitative method that considered the quality and relevance of the implemented safety measures for Salmonella spp. The safety assurance level for Salmonella spp. was evaluated from "no safety assurance" to "very good safety assurance." Available results of testing for Salmonella spp. from 1998 to 2000 were used for calculating the prevalence of the pathogen throughout the food production chain. The results showed a varying safety assurance level for Salmonella spp. throughout the food production chain. Strengths (e.g., feed production for chickens) and weaknesses (e.g., pork production) were observed. These results serve as a basis for a rational optimization of the system.     

信息不对称语境下公众食品安全信任机制的构建

在概述公众食品管理基本理论的基础上,论述了当前公众食品安全信任机制难以形成的主要困境,并指出构建公众食品安全信任机制的主体范围和基本原则,通过培育基于司法建设的社会环境、健全政府行政管理体制与方式、加强食品企业的行业自律建设和提升公众参与食品安全的力度实现公众食品安全信任机制的初步构建。     

Brazil nuts: Benefits and risks associated with contamination by fungi and mycotoxins

The monotypic type genus Bertholletia produces commercially nutritionally harvested edible seeds, Brazil nuts. It is an important product from the Amazon forest in the food production chain, with a 2008 annual world production of 78,000 tonnes, being Brazil responsible for approximately 40% of it. Although there are beneficial nutritional properties, the prevailing mycobiota of Brazil nuts include fungi that are producers of aflatoxins, such as Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius. Aflatoxins have deleterious effects in consumption considering the global distribution chain, affecting major exporting countries. The present review is focused on the importance of Brazil nuts for the Amazon rainforest, emphasizing on the social and environmental impact of its production, on the mycobiota contamination of seeds, and on the presence of mycotoxins and related food safety aspects.     

坚持科学发展观 引领食品工业持续快速增长

<正> 日前,在北京召开的中国食品工业协会第五届第四次理事(扩大)会议暨学习贯彻《食品安全法》研讨会上,中国食品工业协会会长王文哲通报了2008年至2009年1季度全国食品工业经济运行情况,2008年中国食品工业协会十项主要工作的完成情况及2009年度工作要点。 2008年我国食品工业运行保持较快增长 2008年国内外经济形势动荡,出现了许多不确定因素。国内发生南方冰雪灾难和四川特大地震自然灾害;国际金融危机逐步蔓延到实体经济,我国经济发展遇到前所未有的困难和挑战。     

Determinants for conducting food safety culture research

BackgroundFoodborne outbreaks continue to occur regardless of existing food safety measures indicating the shortcomings of these measures to assure food safety. This has led to the recognition of food safety culture as a key contributory factor to the food safety performance of food establishments.Scope and approachThe aim of this paper is to identify determinants for conducting food safety culture research, using the systems approach as the underlying philosophy to guide the structured reconsideration of national, organisational and safety culture literature, in view of food safety.Key findings and conclusionsFood safety culture is complex and many interlinking factors are at play. The analysis of ‘culture’ literature showed that food safety culture research should acknowledge the impact of national culture, specify hierarchical level(s) (strategic, tactical, and operational), establish underlying mechanisms, and consider the company's food risks and context characteristics. Major elements to be considered in food safety culture research include organisational and administrative characteristics (i.e. food safety vision, communication, commitment, leadership, training), technical facilities/resources (i.e. food hygiene/safety tools, equipment, & facilities), employee characteristics (i.e. attitudes, knowledge, perceptions and risk awareness), group characteristics, crucial FSMS characteristics, and actual food safety performance. Methodological requirements for food safety culture research include use of the systems approach, measurable indicators, classification systems for differentiated assessment, and use of multiple methods to enhance research validity. The identified food safety culture research determinants provide an underpinned and transparent starting point to the common understanding and research of food safety culture.     

浙江省水产品食品安全企业标准质量评估及改进对策

目的评估浙江省水产品食品安全企业标准的安全性指标设置情况,分析备案工作存在问题及原因,提出改进对策,提高企业食品安全标准化水平。方法从2009年6月至2015年12月,已在浙江省卫生行政部门备案的水产品企业标准中,采用随机抽样的方法,每年抽取50份标准文本(2009年抽取25份),共325份做质量评估。结果 2009年6月至2015年12月,浙江省累计接收企业标准备案材料24 839份,水产品企业标准共6 210份(占25.00%),其中舟山市、宁波市、温州市和台州市占浙江省的61.13%(3 796/6 210)。安全性指标设置的质量评估发现,致病菌限量的符合率总体上较污染物限量高。污染物限量的设置中,铅限量符合率为83.69%(272/325);无机砷和甲基汞限量符合率均95.00%;镉限量的符合率为79.69%(259/325)。不同生产工艺的水产品企业标准各安全性指标的符合率除苯并[a]芘外,其余均差异有统计学意义(P0.05):其中无机砷、N-二甲基亚硝胺和多氯联苯指标的即食水产品符合率最高,铅、甲基汞、铬、N-二甲基亚硝胺和多氯联苯指标中最低的为预制水产品和其他水产品及制品。结论针对浙江省水产品食品安全企业标准中存在的问题,需要进一步提高企业的食品安全和标准化意识,加强标准业务培训,提高企业对食品安全标准的掌握程度。     

Food safety and acceptance of management options after radiological contaminations of the food chain

After an accidental radioactive release leading to contamination of the food chain, countermeasures may be used to reduce the radiological health risk to the population and to bring social reassurance. This paper analyses public acceptance and consumer’s behaviour for various countermeasures for contaminated milk as revealed by a recent public survey in Belgium. The survey instrument used was Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing. A simulated news bulletin was included for a fast and realistic briefing on the situation investigated. The results show that clean feeding of dairy cattle and disposal of contaminated milk are the preferred options in case of contaminations above legal norms. For contaminations below legal norms, normal consumption of milk seems better accepted than disposal. Nonetheless, the expressed consumer’s behaviour reveals a precautionary tendency: the presence of radioactivity at some step in the food chain could lead to avoiding purchasing products from affected areas. Finally, public trust building is revealed as a key element of a successful countermeasure strategy.     

经济利益驱动型食品掺假概念研究

近年来,经济利益驱动型掺假(economically motivated adulteration,EMA)在全球范围内时有发生,制约食品生产、消费和管理领域的良性发展,为公共健康带来极大隐患。从公共卫生角度来看,提出符合我国国情的EMA概念并将其纳入食品安全管理,以进一步有效防控食品全链条中EMA事件的发生变得尤为重要。为此,本研究梳理剖析目前与EMA有关的概念,提出符合我国国情的EMA概念及其涵盖的6种行为类型,通过案例分析证实此概念对多种情况的适用性,为保障食品安全、食品质量以及维护食品产业的健康发展提供科学依据。