公司治理结构与会计信息透明度相关性研究——以深市制造业企业为例

采用多元线性回归分析,运用2012年深市制造业上市公司数据考察公司治理结构与会计信息透明度的相关性。研究表明:第一大股东的持股比例、两职合一、资产负债率与会计信息透明度负相关,其他股东对第一大股东的制衡、无限售条件股份、监事会规模、高管持股比例与会计信息透明度正相关,董事会规模与独立董事比例与会计信息透明度无显著关系。提出改善公司会计信息透明度的建议。     

董事会规模、内生性与公司绩效研究

纵观有关董事会治理机制的经验研究文献,可以发现绝大多数学者都面临着变量的联合内生性问题.重点关注在内生条件下,董事会规模和公司绩效的关系.使用中国上市公司2004年度数据研究发现,董事会规模是一个影响公司治理的重要因素,但是,与现有的研究文献不同,没有发现董事会规模与公司绩效显著相关.这个结果表明,平均而言,中国公司选择了最优的董事会规模.董事会规模在截面上的变化只是反映了公司运营环境的不同,而非公司对这些治理机制的不合理运用.     

房地产上市公司信息披露透明度及其影响因素——来自深圳证券交易所2010年的最新证据

本文以深交所2010年40家房地产上市公司作为研究样本,对上市公司治理结构中的相关影响因素对会计信息披露透明度的影响进行了实证分析研究。结果表明:董事会规模越大、监事会会议次数越多、国有股比重越高,会计信息披露质量越高;独立董事比重、CEO两职兼任与会计信息披露无显著影响。     

上市公司董事会特征和盈余管理关系的实证研究

本文就董事会规模、活动强度和独立性对上市公司盈余管理的影响进行了理论分析和实证检验，发现独立董事的比例和盈余管理的程度之间存在U型曲线关系，董事会独立性的增加在一定程度上减少了盈余管理；董事会活动强度、董事会规模与盈余管理的关系不显著；研究还发现资产规模小的公司和盈利能力差的公司更可能从事盈余管理。研究为上市公司的公司治理改革提供了经验证据。     

董事会特征、现金持有水平与利润质量关系实证研究——基于2007年沪市上市公司的经验数据

在所有的会计信息中,会计利润是很重要的指标.它不仅反映公司过去的业绩,而且还与其他指标相结合预测企业的发展前景.因此,如何提高公司的利润质量,保证广大投资者及其他报表使用人的利益,促进证券市场的健康发展已成为当前会计理论界以及全社会共同关注和讨论的一个重要话题.本文以沪市上市公司为样本,对董事会特征、企业现金持有水平与利润质量关系进行了理论与实证分析,结果发现公司现金持有水平与利润质量显著正相关;而董事会特征变量对公司利润质量的影响并不显著.     

公司治理对代理成本的影响——来自上市公司2008年制造业的数据

代理成本受多种因素的影响,本文分析了公司治理对代理成本的影响。得出结论:第一大股东持股比例与代理成本负相关;股权制衡度与代理成本负相关;管理层持股比例与代理成本关系不显著;董事会规模与代理成本关系不显著;董事会会议次数与代理成本正相关。     

股权集中度、董事会独立性与治理环境

采用中国A股上市公司2003～2005年的数据,考察了治理环境对公司股权集中度和董事会独立性的影响.实证研究发现:地区治理环境指数与公司股权集中度显著负相关,上市公司所处地区的政府对经济的干预程度越低、法治化水平越高,公司的股权集中度越低,但在非政府控制的上市公司样本中,这种相关性不显著;地区法治化水平与公司董事会独立性显著正相关,上市公司所在地区的法治化水平越高,公司董事会独立性越高;上市公司所在地区的政府干预经济的程度对公司董事会的独立性无显著影响.     

董事会结构与会计信息质量关系实证研究

会计信息既是公司管理者制定决策的主要依据,同时也是一种重要的商业语言和社会资料。随着市场经济的发展和经济体制改革的深入,会计工作已逐渐渗透到许多经济领域。但是,各类财务造假案严重扰乱了社会经济秩序,使得许多学者和广大公众对于会计信息的真实性、完整性和可靠性给予了高度关注。频频出现财务造假现象的主要原因之一是公司治理结构不完善。公司治理结构的核心是董事会。本文对会计信息质量和董事会结构的相关性进行实证研究,提出完善上市公司董事会结构的建议,从而提升会计信息质量。     

董事会结构与会计信息质量的相关性述评

董事会结构和会计信息质量的关系左究一直是国内外学术界关注的焦点。本文在对国内外相关文献进行梳理的基础上，通过对董事会结构进行因素分解来总结国内外关于董事会结构与会计信息质量相关性研究，并指出我国董事会结构的缺陷对会计信息质量的影响。     

我国上市公司董事会效率与公司绩效的实证研究

董事会效率是指董事会各项职能发挥的效果,包括董事会的制度建设、董事会的结构设置、董事会战略决策能力以及对管理层经营行为的监控效率。本文从影响董事会效率的因素出发,以我国上市公司2000-2003年样本公司为统计数据,对董事会效率进行了实证研究。首先,通过董事会效率的各因素与公司绩效之间的多元回归分析,建立了董事会效率的测评模型,借助该模型可对我国上市公司的董事会效率实施测评。利用董事会效率测评结果,对我国上市公司的董事会效率与公司绩效的关联关系进行实证研究。研究结果显示,董事会效率与公司绩效之间存在正相关关系,公司绩效会随着董事会效率的增强而提高。同时结果表明,目前我国上市公司董事会效率普遍偏低。因而,提高我国上市公司董事会效率需要设置合理的董事会规模、保持适当的独立董事比例、提高董事会决策效率、增大董事持股比例以及提升董事会对管理层的监控效率。     

Board leadership structure and diversity over CEO time in office: A test of the evolutionary perspective on Italian firms

An evolutionary perspective on CEO-board relations suggests that CEO objectives and interests change over time, and that board roles should shift accordingly, from CEO leadership development during the early stages of CEO time in office toward monitoring during the latest stages. This study examines how two board characteristics, board leadership structure and board diversity, shape innovation investment among Italian firms. Empirical results support the hypothesized effects, suggesting that the board’s effects are contingent upon CEO time in office.     

日本企业的董事会改革

董事会是股份公司治理结构的核心部分。本文通过对日本企业董事会现状的分析,揭示出相对于欧美企业,日本的董事会具有人数多、内部董事比例高且同质化、决策职能、执行职能和监督职能没有分开等特点,其结果是董事会在公司治理中事实上已蜕变成仅是应商法要求而存在的机构。为改变这种状况,日本现正从修改商法入手对董事会进行变革。     

Does task-related conflict mediate the board gender diversity–organizational performance relationship?

The board gender diversity–organizational performance relationship has been criticized for the absence of tests of the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. This study aims to empirically investigate whether task-related conflict – one of the prime theorized mechanisms of board diversity – indeed mediates this relationship. Consistent with the literature, we theorize how board gender diversity affects task-related conflict, and how task-related conflict in turn affects organizational performance. We test our hypotheses in the Dutch water authority sector 2009–2014, where we have access to the detailed board meeting minutes of 27 organizations. Our results find support for a partial mediating effect of task-related conflict in the board gender diversity–organizational performance relationship. We conclude by discussing the implications for the board gender diversity literature.     

How does job-related diversity affect boards' strategic participation? An information-processing approach

More than ever, corporate leaders consider the presence of different skills, knowledge, and experience in their boardrooms being important for boards' involvement throughout the whole strategy process. However, even though of great practical relevance, we have limited knowledge about how such diversity affects boards' active contribution to corporate strategy. Applying information-processing theory, we explore how job-related diversity may be an important determinant for boards' strategic participation. Using a survey database collected in Norway, we find that job-related diversity contributes to boards' strategic participation through directors' use of knowledge and skills.     

Board members’ contribution to strategic decision-making in small firms

This article explores how the boards of small firms actually undertake to perform strategic tasks. Board strategic involvement has seldom been investigated in the context of small firms. We seek to make a contribution by investigating antecedents of board strategic involvement. The antecedents are “board working style” and “board quality attributes”, which go beyond the board composition features of board size, CEO duality, the ratio of non-executive to executive directors and ownership. Hypotheses were tested on a sample of 497 Norwegian firms (from 5 to 30 employees). Our results show that board working style and board quality attributes rather than board composition features enhance board strategic involvement. Moreover, board quality attributes outperform board working style in fostering board strategic involvement.     

The wisdom and madness of crowds: How information networks and board cognition help or hinder firm performance across the business cycle

We know little of why a minority of firms pursue counter-cyclical strategies and consequently outperform competitors during recessions. Based on the theory of institutional isomorphism, we hypothesize that these firms avoid the mimetic and normative pressures that promote strategic convergence during uncertainty. We demonstrate these effects at the board-level in a sample of 1,615 U.S. firms. Mimetic processes are evident, with firms' connectedness in board interlock networks attenuating profitability and decreasing firm value during recessions—a reversal of the positive effects during expansions. Normative pressures arise from homogeneity in directors’ educational and professional experience, with greater consequences for long-term performance. Overall, recessionary performance is improved when firms occupy relatively isolated positions in informational networks and appoint directors from a range of backgrounds.     

Increasing women's contribution on board decision making: The importance of chairperson leadership efficacy and board openness

In the last decade, the number of women on corporate boards has increased slightly, but the prevailing minority status of women directors implies that they will continue to face social barriers. While prior research has largely focused on explaining social barriers (e.g., being categorized as an out-group member) to increase diversity and its negative consequences, how boards can avoid these obstacles remains unclear. Stemming from recategorization theory, we examine whether and to what extent board chairperson leadership efficacy and board openness (as mechanisms to avoid out-group bias) enhance the influence of women when they are in the minority in board decision-making. In a sample of 146 Norwegian firms, we found a positive relationship between women minorities and women directors’ contribution to board decision-making. Moreover, we found that this positive impact increases when the board chairperson exercises leadership and the board operates in an atmosphere of openness.     

The unfriendly board: Antecedents and consequences of board dissent

This study examines the antecedents and consequences of board dissent. Drawing from agency theory and the information-processing perspective, we propose that the level of earnings management is negatively associated with the likelihood of board dissent, and that this relationship is moderated by environmental complexity. We also contend that board dissent may improve firm performance, but it may prompt managers to use more deviant strategies. Using a sample of public firms in China, we find support for our hypotheses. Our findings contribute to the literatures on board effectiveness and corporate governance.     

The challenge of board composition: Effects of board resource variety and faultlines on the degree of a firm’s international activity

This study explores the relationship between diversity in board composition and the degree of a firm's international activity. Specifically, we posit that board resource variety has a positive relationship with the international activity of the firm and that the strength of board faultlines moderates this relationship. Using data collected from Spanish public companies over the period 2005 to 2010, our analysis shows strong support for our hypotheses. Our work contributes to the literature on board's diversity by demonstrating that board resource variety should be captured by considering “the director profile” rather than any single attribute and that this type of variety can engender subgroups that weakens its benefits. Therefore, our results have implications for the strategic management challenge international firms face when they put together their boards. A corporate board needs to structure itself in such a way as to benefit from the wealth of the variety of its resources, but without succumbing to the risks posed by conflicts between subgroups arising from the presence of faultlines.     

董事会治理研究的理论根源及研究脉络评析

本文以董事会治理研究为主题,对几十年来相关研究的理论基础进行了梳理,对不同理论的基础观点、实证支持和最新进展等内容进行了综合阐述,对这些理论各自的局限性做出了评价,有利于我们进一步了解董事会运作机理和提高董事会治理效果.在此基础上,我们以提高治理绩效为宗旨,构建了一个董事会治理研究的逻辑框架体系,藉此可以看出,已有研究对董事会属性、角色与绩效之间关系的作用途径和机理还了解较少,特别是随着公司治理实践的不断发展和经济环境的变化,对于董事会治理的研究还有大量的未知领域需要去探索.最后我们列出了今后董事会治理研究的一些思路和建议.