形觉剥夺性近视豚鼠视网膜中脑源性神经营养因子的表达

目的:研究视网膜脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)在豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视(FDM)形成中的作用。方法:出生3d豚鼠以半透明眼罩遮盖右眼2个月制备FDM动物模型,左眼作为对照。遮盖前后,检影验光检测双眼屈光度,A超测量双眼眼轴长度。遮盖后免疫组织化学法分析视网膜BDNF的表达,RTPCR检测BDNFmRNA的表达。结果:形觉剥夺使眼轴增长,近视屈光度增加,遮盖眼与对照眼相比屈光度差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。遮盖眼BDNF免疫活性降低,BDNFmRNA表达下调。结论:BDNF可能参与调控FDM的形成。     

豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视视网膜组织中神经生长因子受体p75NTR和Caspase-3的表达

目的:探讨豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视视网膜神经生长因子受体p75NTR、Caspase-3表达的变化.方法:出生1周的豚鼠30只随机分为2组,正常组10只,实验组20只.实验组右眼为遮盖眼,通过单眼遮盖法建立豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视模型,左眼为自身对照眼,正常对照组取双侧眼球.检影验光检测屈光度,A超测量双眼眼轴长度.免疫组织化学法检测视网膜p75NTR与Caspase-3蛋白的表达,RT-PCR检测视网膜p75NTR mRNA的变化,TUNEL法检测视网膜神经细胞凋亡.结果:实验结束,遮盖眼屈光度加深、眼轴长度延长,可见凋亡细胞核.正常对照眼与自身对照眼屈光度与眼轴长度无明显变化,视网膜外核层及内核层几乎无p75NTR、Caspase-3阳性染色,无凋亡细胞.遮盖眼视网膜可见p75NTR、Caspase-3阳性表达、p75NTR mRNA增加和凋亡细胞.结论:形觉剥夺性近视视网膜p75NTR和Caspase-3的表达增加可能与视网膜神经细胞凋亡有关.     

豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视视网膜组织中褪黑素受体表达及眼压的变化

目的:研究豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视视网膜组织中褪黑素受体MT1的表达,探讨其与眼压变化的关系.方法:将出生5～7 d 20只的豚鼠单眼半透明眼罩遮盖,遮盖眼为实验眼,未遮盖眼为对照眼.实验前及遮盖8周后行带状光检影镜测眼屈光度数.A超测量眼轴长度,确认豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视模型制造成功.于遮盖8周后测量实验组和对照组眼压,并应用免疫组织化学染色方法检测视网膜中褪黑素受体亚型MT1的表达水平.结果:形觉剥夺8周后实验眼眼压(2.51 ±0.10)kPa较对照眼(1.97±0.08)kPa升高(P<0.05),豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视视网膜褪黑素受体免疫反应阳性细胞数目减少(P<0.05).结论:褪黑素可能影响眼压的调节,与形觉剥夺性近视的形成密切有关.     

清开灵对谷氨酸神经毒性脑损伤脑组织c-fos基因表达的影响

采用免疫组织化学方法及放射配体结合分析法,观察清开灵及侧脑室注射c-fos反义寡核苷酸阻断c-fos基因表达后脑组织蛋白激酶C(PKC)表达量和Glu的N_甲基_D_天门冬氨酸(NMDA)受体的数目、亲和力变化的影响.结果:清开灵可有效地抑制Glu所致的脑组织c-fos蛋白及PKC蛋白的表达增强,并下调Glu的NMDA受体数目;而c-fos反义及正义寡核苷酸对Glu的NMDA受体数目及Glu所致的脑组织PKC蛋白表达增多均无明显影响.结论:清开灵抗Glu神经毒性的脑保护作用的机制与其抑制c-fos和PKC蛋白基因的表达及下调NMDA受体数目有关.     

MK801对近视视网膜NO-cGMP信号通路的调控

目的:观察MK801对豚鼠近视的调节,探讨其在近视发病机制中的作用。方法:3周龄三色豚鼠分为6组:A组(正常空白对照组)、B组(右眼遮盖3周组)、C组(右眼遮盖3周+玻璃体腔生理盐水注射组)、D组(右眼遮盖3周+玻璃体腔注射1 ng MK801组)、E组(右眼遮盖3周+玻璃体腔注射10 ng MK801组)、F组(右眼遮盖3周+玻璃体腔注射100 ng MK801组)。实验前及实验3周时对各组进行视网膜检影和A超测眼轴,原位杂交法检测神经细胞性一氧化氮合酶(ncNOS)的表达,放射免疫法检测cGMP的含量,将D,E,F组的屈光度、眼轴、ncNOS及cGMP含量与MK801药物浓度进行直线相关分析。结果:玻璃体腔药物注射C,D,E,F组遮盖眼随注射浓度的升高近视屈光度数下降,眼轴延长减慢,ncNOS及cGMP含量下调,与MK801注射浓度行相关分析呈直线相关,屈光度与注射浓度呈正相关(r=0.702,P<0.05),眼轴长度、ncNOS表达、cGMP表达与其呈负相关(r=-0.736,-0.637,-0.725,P<0.05)。结论:近视豚鼠MK801玻璃体腔注射能通过下调NO-cGMP表达减缓近视的进展,呈剂量依赖性。     

形觉剥夺性近视雏鸡眼细胞凋亡情况观察

目的:以雏鸡形觉剥夺性近视(FDM)模型,探讨细胞凋亡与形觉剥夺性近视的关系.方法:健康雄性海兰雏鸡20只,半透明眼罩遮盖右眼,左眼为对照眼.遮盖7 d去除眼罩,检影验光,测2只眼的眼轴长及赤道径;HE染色观察视网膜及巩膜的形态学变化;采用TUNEL技术检测视网膜细胞的凋亡.结果:①遮盖眼形成近视,表现为屈光度、眼轴长及赤道径均较对照眼增大(P<0.05).②遮盖眼视网膜较对照眼普遍变薄,以内核层、内丛状层、神经纤维层最明显;后极部巩膜软骨层变厚,纤维层变薄.③遮盖眼内核层、神经节细胞层凋亡细胞数增多,与对照眼相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:细胞凋亡参与形觉剥夺性近视的形成.     

双硫仑对鸡形觉剥夺性近视眼中转化生长因子-β2表达的影响

目的:观察鸡形觉剥夺性近视眼(form-deprived myopia,FDM)模型中眼球后壁转化生长因子β2(trans-forming growth factor-β2,TGF-β2)的动态变化,研究非特异性视黄酸(retinoid acid,RA)合成酶抑制剂双硫仑(dis-ulfiram,DSF)对FDM和正常视环境下鸡眼球的影响以及TGF-β2表达的变化,以探讨近视眼的发病机制.方法:将90只新孵化的来亨鸡随机分为3组:左眼遮盖组(A组)、左眼玻璃体注射双硫仑后遮盖组(B组)和左眼玻璃体注射双硫仑后不遮盖组(C组),各组的右眼均开放作为自身对照.于处理后第1、7和14天应用视网膜检影检测双眼屈光度,以游标卡尺测量双眼眼轴长度.使用免疫组织化学染色以及实时RT-PCR检测TGF-β2在眼后壁的表达变化.结果:A组:第1天,实验眼与对照眼的眼轴长增加比较差异尢统计学意义(P>0.05),屈光度增加差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);第7和第14天,实验眼的眼轴长和屈光度均有明显增加,TGF-β2的表达明显下降(P<0.01),与对照眼比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).B组和C组:实验眼与对照眼相比,眼轴长和屈光度的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组实验眼TGF-β2的表达在处理后第7天高于对照眼,在第14天低于对照眼,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);C组实验眼TGF-β2的表达在处理后第1天低于对照眼,在第7和第14天高于对照眼,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).免疫组化染色显示,TGF-β2主要表达于视网膜光感受器外节和色素上皮层.结论:FDM的形成过程中有TGF-β2参与调控.DSF对FDM的形成有显著的抑制作用,对正常视环境下的鸡眼轴长和屈光度没有影响.DSF上调了 TGF-β2 mRNA的表达,并可能通过这一途径调节细胞外基质的主动重塑,抑制FDM的形成.     

c-fos反义寡核苷酸对谷氨酸神经毒性鼠脑损伤的防护

目的　探讨c-fos基因的表达在谷氨酸神经毒性中的作用。方法　在9只SD大鼠侧脑室注射c-fos反义寡核苷酸以阻断脑组织c-fos基因的表达,并用c-fos正义寡核苷酸为对照。观察脑组织中水、电解质含量和突触体内Ca2+浓度的变化,并采用细胞形态计量分析及免疫组织化学方法,观察大脑皮质、海马CA1区神经细胞数目、形态的变化及c-fos基因的表达。结果　c-fos反义寡核苷酸可有效地阻断脑组织c-fos基因的表达,降低脑组织c-fos阳性细胞率（9.4%±2.8%和74%±3%,P＜0.01）,抑制谷氨酸神经毒性所致的脑组织含水量（79.9%±0.4%和82.3%±0.8%,P＜0.01）、钠（5.05mg/g干重±0.39mg/g干重和5.98mg/g干重±0.50mg/g干重,P＜0.01）及细胞内Ca2+（176nmol/L±35nmol/L和344.12±50.13,P＜0.01）含量的增加,抑制谷氨酸所致大脑皮质（157±10和145±7,P＜0.01）及海马CA1区（297.64±18.3和210±19,P＜0.01）神经细胞的丢失,减轻神经细胞的形态学损伤。c-fos正义寡核苷酸无此效应。结论　c-fos基因的表达在谷氨酸神经毒性脑损伤的发生中起有重要作用,阻断c-fos基因的表达可以拮抗谷氨酸神经毒性。     

iNOS和MMP－2在形觉剥夺性近视中的表达变化

目的探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和基质金属蛋白酶－2（MMP－2）在形觉剥夺性近视豚鼠眼后极部的表达。方法对2周龄豚鼠以半透明眼罩遮盖右眼9周制备形觉剥夺性近视（FDM）动物模型,左眼作为对照。遮盖3、6、9周后随机抽取15只豚鼠,检影验光检测双眼屈光度,A型超声测量双眼眼轴长度,免疫组织化学检测眼后极部iNOS和MMP-2的表达变化。结果形觉剥夺使豚鼠眼轴延长,近视屈光度增加,遮盖眼与对照眼屈光度和眼轴长差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。遮盖眼iNOS和MMP-2免疫活性逐渐增加,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,两者的表达量在形觉剥夺过程中呈强相关性（r=0．769,P〈0．05）。结论iNOS和MMP-2可能参与形觉剥夺性近视的形成,NO信号通路可通过调节巩膜MMP-2的活性造成巩膜重塑。     

树鼩形觉剥夺性近视模型的建立及观察

目的 建立树嗣性成熟期及成年早期形觉剥夺性近视(FDM)模型,探讨年龄在近视发生发展中的作用及以视网膜形态变化为主的局部视网膜机制与近视的关系.方法 4月龄和5月龄树鼩各30只,随机分为空白对照组、遮盖组.遮盖组右眼遮盖作为实验眼,左眼开放作为自身对照眼.用自制半透明眼罩建立形觉剥夺近视模型,然后撤出干预因素,分别于遮盖3周、6周测量各组屈光度及眼轴长度;于遮盖6周观察视网膜厚度及视网膜各层细胞数目变化情况.结果 4月龄和5月龄树鼩遮盖右眼3周后,遮盖眼远视度数均有所降低,但与自身对照眼相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而遮盖6周后:两组的屈光度和眼轴与对照眼比较均有明显差异(P＜0.05);在遮盖期间,形觉剥夺眼眼轴不断增长,近视度数也逐渐增加,二者有很好的直线负相关关系;并且4月龄组所诱导出的近视程度高于5月龄组(P＜0.05).形觉剥夺可引起各层视网膜普遍变薄,有核细胞层、感光细胞层、内核层、神经节细胞层中胞核数减少,排列稀疏紊乱.结论 形觉剥夺可以诱导性成熟期及成年早期树鼩的近视形成及视网膜形态发生变化.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.