Intact soft clay’s critical response to dynamic stress paths on different combinations of principal stress orientation

Comprehensive tests on Hangzhou intact soft clay were performed, which were used to obtain the soils’ critical response to undrained dynamic stress paths under different combinations of principal stress orientation. The different combinations included cyclic principal stress rotation (CPSR for short), cyclic shear with abrupt change of principal stress orientation (CAPSO for short) and cyclic shear with fixed principal stress orientation (CFPSO for short). On one side, under all these stress paths, samples have obvious strain inflection points and shear bands, and the excess pore water pressure is far from the level of initial effective confining pressure at failure. Stress paths of major principal stress orientation (α) alternating from negative and positive have quite different influence on soil’s properties with those in which α is kept negative or positive. On the other side, due to the soil’s strongly initial anisotropy, samples under double-amplitudes CPSR and CAPSO (or single-amplitude CPSR and CFPSO) have similar properties on dynamic shear strength and pore water pressure development tendency when α is kept within ±45°, while have quite different properties when α oversteps ±45°.     

解读连战先生的民族情

文章试图从两方面解读连战先生深厚的民族情.这种民族情一方面来源于他的家族,连战的先祖到台湾死也不臣服清,曾祖父至父亲三代以各种形式坚持抗日及父母对他言传身教;另一方面与他早年在祖国大陆的生活经历有关,从他对抗战和日本的态度及祖国大陆寻踪等方面体现出来.     

Evaluation of ultimate bearing capacity of Y-shaped vibro-pile

Based on Mindlin stress solution, a numerical computational method was proposed to calculate the stresses in the ground induced by side friction and the resistance of Y-shaped vibro-pile. The improved Terzaghi’s and ЪерезанцевВГ’s methods for ultimate bearing capacity evaluation were proposed by considering the stress strength induced by friction resistance at pile head level of Y-pile. A new method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of Y-pile was also proposed based on the assumptions of soil failure mode at the tip of Y-pile and the use of Mohr-Coulomb soil yield criterion and Vesic compressive correction coefficient with the induced stresses in the ground. Based on the comparisons with the field static load test results, it is found that the improved Terzaghi’s method gives higher ultimate capacity, while the other two methods shows good agreement with the field results.     

Adhesion coefficient of automobile tire and road surface

The adhesion coefficient of automobile tire and road surface was analyzed and the formula about it was derived.Some suggestions about highway construction,driving safety of the drivers and the judgment of the traffic accidents were presented.The results show that the adhesion coefficient is a function with the extreme value.If there is atmospheric pressure in the tire,the load of the vehicle and the degree of the coarse on the road surface is not selected properly,it will reach the least and affect the safety of the running automobile.     

Effects of stress conditions on rheological properties of granular soil in large triaxial rheology laboratory tests

In order to study the rheological properties of red stone granular soil,a series of rheological experiments were executed on large tri-axial rheological apparatus.Under 100,200 and 300 kPa confining stress conditions,the rheological tests were carried out.These experiment results showed that the stress conditions,especially the stress level were the critical influencing factors of the rheological deformation properties.Under the low stress level(S=0.1),the granular soil showed the elastic properties,and there was no obvious rheological deformation.Under the middle stress level(0.20.8) creep curves showed the non-linear viscous plastic rheological properties.Especially,under the stress level of S=1.0,the accelerated rheological phase of creep curves occurred at early time with a trend of failure.The stress level had obvious effects on the final rheological deformation of the soil sample,and the final rheological deformation increments nonlinearly increased with stress level.The final rheological deformation increment and step was little under low stress level,while it became large under high stress level,which showed the nonlinearly rheological properties of the granular soil.The confining pressure also had direct effects on final rheological deformation,and the final rheological deformation linearly increased with confining pressure increments.     

2008年我国房地产业的发展模式与市场把握

在深入市场调查、认真采集数据和科学分析研究的基础上,从我国新一年房地产业发展的"背景和环境"、"预期和责任"、"风险和影响"、"保障和创新"等方面进行阐述和论证.     

窃取商业秘密获得的专利权归商业秘密权利人所有——兼谈商业秘密构成要件和范围

中国加入WTO以后,知识产权的保护意识日益强化,作为知识产权范畴的专利权更是被人们普遍关注和重视.以"错案"为研究对象,运用商业秘密的有关理论以及保护商业秘密和专利权的有关法律制度,特别是从窃取商业秘密获得的专利权归谁所有的角度,对人民法院的判决进行了分析研究,指出了人民法院的判决是错误的,提出了窃取商业秘密获得的专利权归商业秘密权利人所有.这有利于人民法院公正司法,依法审判.     

Research advances of un-symmetric constitutive theory of anisotropic viscoelastic liquids and its hydrodynamic behavior

Research advances of un-symmetric constitutive equation of anisotropic fluid,influence of un-symmetric stress tensor on material functions,vibrational shear flow of the fluid with small amplitudes and rheology of anisotropic suspension were reported.A new concept of simple anisotropic fluid was introduced.On the basis of anisotropic principle,the simple fluid stress behaviour was described by velocity gradient tensor F and spin tensor W instead of velocity gradient tensor D in the classic Leslie-Ericksen continuum theory.Two relaxation times analyzing rheological nature of the fluid and using tensor analysis a general form of the constitutive equation of co-rotational type was introduced.More general model LCP-H for the fluid was developed.The unsymmetry of the shear stress was predicted by the present continuum theory for anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-LC polymer liquids.The influence of the relaxation times on material functions was specially studied.It is important to study the unsteady vibrational rotating flow with small amplitudes,as it is a best way to obtain knowledge of elasticity of the LC polymer,i.e.dynamic viscoelasticity.For the shear-unsymmetric stresses,two shear stresses were obtained thus two complex viscosities and two complex shear modulus(i.e.first and second one) were introduced by the constitutive equation which was defined by rotating shear rate introduced by author.For the two stability problems of fluid,such as stability of hydrodynamic flow and orientational motion,were discussed.The results show that the polymer suspension systems exhibit anisotropic character.The PNC systems can exhibit significant shear-thinning effects.For more concentrated polymer nano-suspensions,the first normal stress difference change from positive to negative,which is similar to LC polymer behavior.     

从语气助词的角度浅析日语表达方式的特性

日语中有着十分丰富的语气助词,其虽然不具有实际的意义,然而通过语气助词,却能够流露出说话者的心情和感受,传递出不溢于言表的隐性含义,在日常的表达中扮演着十分重要的角色.从语气助词的角度,分析总结日语在表达上所具有的特性.     

当前民办高校融资难的成因及对策

针对民办高校所需办学经费无国家财政拨款,全部为自筹资金的现状,分析了形成当前民办高校融资难的原因,既有信贷政策、银行方面的因素,也有民办高校自身的因素.提出民办高校要生存,要发展,光靠举办者投入或捐赠以及每年的学费收入是不够的,还需要积极拓展更多融资渠道解决办校融资难的问题.     

B_(18)N_(18)、B_(30)N_(30)与B_(90)N_(90)富勒烯分子的电子传输特性

采用扩展的Hückel方法与格林函数方法,研究了Au电极作用下,B18N18、B30N30与B90N90富勒烯分子的电子结构与电子输运特性,并将B30N30富勒烯与C60富勒烯的电子结构与导电性进行了对比。结果表明,B18N18、B30N30与B90N90富勒烯分子与Au电极“接触”后为一种弱结合,其HOMO、LUMO间的能隙减小;3种BN富勒烯的电子输运性能依次为B90N90>B18N18>B30N30;C60富勒烯的导电性明显优于B30N30的导电性。     

关于(0,2,3)型插值多项式的逼近阶研究

设f(x) ∈C_(2π),Qn(f,x)是以x_(kn)=(2πk)/n(k=0,1,…,n-11)为基点的(0,2,3)型插值多项式,n=2m+1。Tm(f,x)是以{X_(kn)}_(k=0)~(n-1)为基点的(0)型插值多项式。因为u_n(x)∈C_(2π),使得 lim[f(x)-Q_n(f,x)-u_n(x)(f(x)-T_m(f,x))]=0 n→∞ (关于0≤x≤2π一致地成立)。本文进一步得到了逼近阶估计: |f(x)-Q_n(f,x)-u_n(x)(f(x)-T_m(f,x))| ≤C[ω(f,(1_nn)/n)+1/n_(k=1)~nΣω(f,1/k)]     

3种木犀草素过渡金属配合物的合成和表征

在无水乙醇溶剂中,通过溶解、搅拌合成了木犀草素和锰、镉、铬3种过渡金属配合物,并通过元素分析、红外光谱和DSC差热分析等方法对其进行了结构表征。确定了所合成配合物的组成分别为：（C15H10O6）Mn2（CH3COO）4、（C15H10O6）Cd（NO3）2和（C15H10O6）Cr（NO3）3,并确定了配体与金属离子的配位方式。     

桦木醇胺衍生物的合成

为了进一步开发和利用桦木醇衍生物,以桦木醇为起始物,在其C - 3、C - 28和C - 30上进行修饰,得到了28- O- [2-(吡咯烷- 1- 基)乙酰基]-桦木醇(2a)、 28- O- [2-(哌啶- 1- 基)乙酰基]-桦木醇(2b)、 28- O- [2-(吗啉-4- 基)乙酰基]-桦木醇(2c)、 28- O- [2-(哌嗪- 1- 基)乙酰基]-桦木醇(2d)、 28- O-(二甲氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(2e)、 28- O-(二乙氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(2f)、 28- O-(二丙氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(2g)、 28- O-(二丁氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(2h)、 28- O-(二戊氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(2i)、 3,28- 二 - O- [2-(吡咯烷- 1- 基)乙酰基]-桦木醇(4a)、 3,28- 二 - O- [2-(哌啶- 1- 基)乙酰基]-桦木醇(4b)、 3,28- 二 - O- [2-(吗啉-4- 基)乙酰基]-桦木醇(4c)、 3,28- 二 - O- [2-(哌嗪- 1- 基)乙酰基]-桦木醇(4d)、 3,28- 二 - O-(二甲氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(4e)、 3,28- 二 - O-(二乙氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(4f)、 3,28- 二 - O-(二丙氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(4g)、 3,28- 二 - O-(二丁氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(4h)、 3,28- 二 - O-(二戊氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(4i)、 3- O- [2-(吡咯烷- 1- 基)乙酰基]-桦木醇(6a)、 3- O- [2-(哌啶- 1- 基)乙酰基]-桦木醇(6b)、 3- O- [2-(吗啉-4- 基)乙酰基]-桦木醇(6c)、 3- O- [2-(哌嗪- 1- 基)乙酰基]-桦木醇(6d)、 3- O-(二甲氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(6e)、 3- O-(二乙氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(6f)、 3- O-(二丙氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(6g)、 3- O-(二丁氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(6h)、 3- O-(二戊氨基乙酰基)-桦木醇(6i)、 30-(1-吡咯烷基)桦木醇(9a)、 30-(1-哌啶基)桦木醇(9b)、 30-(4-吗啉基)桦木醇(9c)、 N,N' - 二 -(30-桦木醇基)哌嗪(9d)共31种桦木醇胺衍生物,并通过核磁共振氢谱(¹H - NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(¹³C - NMR)、红外光谱(FT - IR)和基质辅助飞行时间质谱(MALDI - TOF - MS)对其结构进行了确认.     

环-皮特森簇网格的资源搜索机制

设计了一种以环 皮特森图(RP(k))结构为骨干拓扑,以簇为资源节点的文件资源系统环 皮特森簇网格(RP(k)C grid),讨论了RP(k)C grid系统的消息路由算法. 提出了簇头探察、簇头泛洪和环 皮特森簇(RP(k)C)轮询相结合的probe flooding and scan搜索机制. 对成功跨簇查询的文件在RP(k)C管理节点上建立副本,通过查询登记机制避免簇内泛洪. 实验结果表明,RP(k)C grid有效降低了网络负载和查询延迟,具有良好的可扩展性.     

复乘性噪声模型基于累积量的参数估计

文中研究了复乘性噪声模型的参数估计问题，给出了利用乘性观测过程的高阶累积量来估计复信号过程统计性质的一些结果。     

锗酸盐晶体的坩埚下降法生长研究

锗酸盐晶体是一类重要的功能晶体材料。其中，Bi4Ge3O12(BGO)是一种优良的闪烁晶体，广泛应用于高能物理、地质勘察和医疗成像等领域；Sr2Ga2Ge4O14(SGG)是重要的压电晶体，作为基片材料可以制作高性能的声表面波(SAW)器件，在移动通讯、高温探测等方面有良好的应用前景；Pb5Ge3O11(PGO)晶体具有小的介点常数和比较大的热释电系数，被认为是优秀的热释电探测器材料，而其旋光性则可应用于信息存储和信号处理等过程；Sr3Ga2Ge4O14(Nd:SGG)晶体是高峰值、短脉冲和高频率固态激光器用潜在的激光晶体材料；Bi12GeO20(BGI)是一种有前途的多功能晶体材料，在光折变、电光、压电等方面都有着重要的应用；Bi4GexSi1-xO12混晶的生长有望获得成本低、性能好的无机闪烁晶体。作者采用改进型坩埚下降法生长技术成功生长了闪烁晶体BGO、铁电晶体PG0、压电晶体SGG、光折变晶体BGO、激光晶体Nd：SGG、闪烁体BGSO混晶等多种锗酸盐功能晶体。     

Formation and Mechanical Properties of Zr-Nb-Cu-Ni-Al-Lu Bulk Glassy Alloys with Superior Glass-Forming Ability

Glass-forming ability(GFA) and mechanical properties of(Zr_(0.58)Nb_(0.03)Cu_(0.16)Ni_(0.13)Al_(0.10))_(100-x)Lu_x(x= 0-3 at%) alloys have been investigated.The GFA of Zr_(58)Nb_3Cu_(16)Ni_(13)Al_(10) alloy is dramatically enhanced by adding Lu.The(Zr_(0.58)Nb_(0.03)Cu_(0.16)Ni_(0.13)Al_(0.10))_(98)Lu_2 alloy possesses the highest GFA in the studied Zr-Nb-Cu-Ni-Al-Lu alloys,with its critical diameter for glass formation reaching 20 mm by copper-mould casting method,while that of the Lu-free Zr_(58)Nb_3Cu_(16)Ni_(13)Al_(10) alloy is 7 mm.The critical diameters of(Zr_(0.58)Nb_(0.03)Cu_(0.16)Ni_(0.13)Al_(0.10))_(100-x)Lu_x(x =1 at%and 3 at%) alloys are 15 mm and 12 mm,respectively.The Lu addition to Zr_(58)Nb_3Cu_(16)Ni_(13)Al_(10) alloy induces the change of initial crystallization phases from face-centred-cubic Zr_2Ni and tetragonal Zr_2Ni phases for the Lu-free Zr_(58)Nb_3Cu_(16)Ni_(13)Al_(10) alloy to an icosahedral quasi-crystalline phase for the Lu-doped alloys,which may be the origin for the enhanced GFA of the Lu-doped alloys.The compressive fracture strength and plastic strain of the bulk glassy(Zr_(0.58)Nb_(0.03)Cu_(0.16)Ni_(0.13)Al_(0.10))_(98)Lu_2 alloy are1 610 MPa and 1.5%,respectively.     

前驱体对Pt/C催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍热还原法制备了以Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2和Pt(NH3)4C l2为前驱体的两种聚合物电解质燃料电池用Pt/C催化剂:Pt/C-Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2和Pt/C-Pt(NH3)4C l2.以HRSEM、XRD、循环伏安(CV)和旋转圆盘电极(RDE)等方法研究了前驱体对催化剂的影响.结果表明,Pt/C-Pt(NH3)4C l2晶粒团聚,分布不均,电化学活性较低;而Pt/C-Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2晶粒细小,分布均匀,具有更高的电化学催化活性,是浸渍法制备Pt/C催化剂的有效前驱体材料.而且,Pt/C-Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2对CO氧化和O2还原的高活性主要来自于催化剂比表面积的提高,而对甲醇氧化活性的提高,表面存在更多的(110)晶面也是重要因素.     

Synthesis and characterization of spinel Li_(1.05)Cr_(0.1)Mn_(1.9)O_(4-z)F_z as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Samples with the nominal stoichiometry Li_(1.05)Cr_(0.1)Mn_(1.9)O_(4-z)F_z(z=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,and 0.2) were synthesized via the solid-state reaction method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),galvanostatic charge/discharge, and slow rate cyclic voltammetry(SSCV) techniques.The results show that the pure spinel phase indexed to Fd3m can be obtained when z=0, 0.05,and 0.1.The substitution of F for O with z≤0.1 contributes to the increase of initial capacity c...