E钙粘蛋白、α-catenin、β-catenin在人肺腺癌组织中的表达

目的　探讨E钙粘蛋白 (ECD)、α catenin(α cat)及 β catenin( β cat)在人肺腺癌组织中的表达与肺腺癌分化、转移的关系。方法　采用免疫组化的方法 ,对 5 7例肺原发腺癌和 2 7例淋巴结转移癌的ECD、α cat、β cat进行了半定量分析。结果　ECD在低分化组中表达明显低于高分化组 ,在淋巴结转移癌中同样与分化相关 ,但原发癌ECD的表达与淋巴结转移的发生无关。α cat和 β cat在低分化组中的表达也明显低于高分化组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且两者在原发癌中表达的下调与淋巴结转移癌的发生有着明显的相关性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　ECD、α cat、β cat表达的减少伴随着肺腺癌的去分化 ,并且α cat、β cat表达异常和淋巴结转移癌有极幂切的相关性。     

血型抗原Lewis A和Lewis X在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达

目的 :探讨血型抗原LewisA和LewisX在甲状腺乳头状癌中表达的意义。方法 :采用免疫组织化学EnVision方法 ,测定血型抗原LewisA和LewisX在 70例甲状腺乳头状癌和 70例癌旁正常甲状腺滤泡上皮 ,以及 16例甲状腺滤泡性腺瘤、17例结节性甲状腺肿和 14例桥本氏甲状腺炎中的表达。结果 :LewisA和LewisX在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达阳性率分别为 94 3% ( 66/ 70 )和 85 7% ( 60 / 70 ) ,癌旁正常甲状腺滤泡上皮中的表达阳性率分别为 2 9% ( 2 / 70 )和 5 7% ( 4 / 70 )。肿瘤直径≥ 1cm组LewisX的表达强度较肿瘤直径 <1cm组明显增高 ,P <0 0 1。淋巴结转移组LewisX的表达强度较非转移组显著增高 ,P <0 0 1。结论 :LewisA和LewisX可作为诊断甲状腺乳头状癌的参考指标。LewisX的表达强度与肿瘤浸润及转移有关     

缺氧诱导因子-1α在胃癌中的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成及细胞增殖的关系

目的检测胃癌组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）,并探讨其临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学sP法检测正常胃黏膜及胃癌中的HIF-1α、VEGF、及PCNA。结果腺癌中HIF-1α阳性表达率显著高于正常组织（X^2=9．35,P〈0．05）,腺癌中VEGF阳性表达率显著高于正常组织（X^2=11．94,P〈0．05）,腺癌中PCNA高增殖活性表达率显著高于正常组织（X^2=8.31,P〈0．05）;有淋巴结转移者HIF-1α阳性表达率显著高于无淋巴结转移者（X^2=6．21,P〈0．05）,随着浸润深度的增加,HIF-1α阳性表达率逐渐增加。HIF-1α阳性表达率与胃癌肿瘤大小、分化程度无关。有淋巴结转移者VEGF阳性表达率显著高于无淋巴结转移者（X^2=5．99,P〈0．05）,随着浸润深度的增加,VEGF阳性表达率逐渐增加。VEGF阳性表达率与胃癌肿瘤大小、分化程度无关。有淋巴结转移者PCNA阳性表达率显著高于无淋巴结转移者（X^2=5．19,P〈0．05）。随着浸润深度的增加,PCNA阳性表达率逐渐增加。PCNA阳性表达率与胃癌肿瘤大小、分化程度无关。在胃癌中HIF表达与VEGF呈正相关（X^2=8．42,P〈0．05）,HIF表达与PCNA呈正相关（X^2=7．35,P〈0．05）。结论HIF-1α通过促进肿瘤血管形成及细胞增殖,在胃癌的发生、发展中发挥重要作用：     

P53、ras基因在肺腺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的　了解P5 3基因及ras基因在肺腺癌中的表达特点及与预后的关系。方法　采用免疫组化法对 5 3例肺腺癌组织中P5 3及ras蛋白进行检测 ,分组随访。结果　肺腺癌组织中P5 3、ras蛋白阳性表达率分别为 5 4.72 %、6 6 .38% ,淋巴结转移组阳性表达率 (78.13 %、84.38% )高于无淋巴结癌转移组 ;低分化者阳性表达率 (81.82 %、86 .36 % )高于高分化组 ;阴性组 1年存活率高于阳性组。结论　P5 3、ras表达和肺腺癌生物学行为有关 ,可作为判断预后的参考指标。     

非小细胞肺癌CD44V6和C-erbB-2的表达及其意义

目的 :探讨CD44V6及C erbB 2表达与非小细胞肺癌临床病理特征之间的关系。方法 :采用S P免疫组化法检测 132例非小细胞肺癌、6 6例淋巴结转移癌、95例癌旁肺组织和 2 0例正常肺组织CD44V6和C erbB 2表达的情况。结果 :非小细胞肺癌CD44V6阳性表达率为 48 4 8%,明显高于癌旁肺组织 16 84%和正常肺组织 2 0 0 0 %的阳性有效率。CD44V6阳性表达与淋巴结转移状况、TNM分期、肿瘤大小和组织学类型有显著相关性。非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移组、TNMⅢ期患者、直径>3cm的肿瘤和鳞癌CD44V6阳性表达率分别明显高于无淋巴结转移组、TNMⅠ、Ⅱ期患者、直径≤ 3cm的肿瘤和腺癌。淋巴结转移癌CD44V6阳性表达率明显高于肺原发癌。CD44V6阳性表达与患者的性别、年龄和组织学分级无显著相关性。非小细胞肺癌C erbB 2阳性表达率为 6 1 36 %,明显高于癌旁肺组织 18 95 %和正常肺组织 10 0 0 %的阳性表达率。C erbB 2阳性表达与临床病理特征无显著相关性。结论 :CD44V6阳性表达预示非小细胞肺癌具有较强的侵袭和转移能力 ,CD44V6可作为一项预测非小细胞肺癌转移潜能及判断预后的生物学指标。C erbB 2作为判断非小细胞肺癌预后的指标不理想     

VEGF-C和flt-4在肺腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究转移相关基因VEGF-C、flt-4在肺腺癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法应用免疫组化方法检测10例正常黏膜组织、10例癌旁组织、56例肺腺癌中的VEGF-C、flt-4的表达情况.结果Flt-4主要在淋巴管内皮细胞中表达.VEGF-C在正常黏膜组织、癌旁组织呈弱阳性反应,在肺腺癌组织中VEGF-C表达强阳性;在高分化组与低分化组之间差异有显著性;且晚期病例VEGF-C表达高于早期病例(P＜0.05);淋巴结转移组VEGF-C阳性率明显高于无淋巴结转移组.VEGF-C高表达组术后3年生存率(23.3%)显著低于低表达组(54.5%,P＜0.05).结论VEGF-C与肺腺癌发生、发展及淋巴结转移、预后密切相关.     

TrkB在子宫内膜癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨酪氨酸受体激酶B（tyrosine kinase receptorB,TrkB）在不同病理分级的子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其意义。方法应用组织芯片技术,通过免疫组织化学方法检测86例子宫内膜癌组织（82例为子宫内膜腺癌,2例浆液性腺癌,2例透明细胞癌）标本和20例正常子宫内膜组织标本中TrkB的表达。结果TrkB在子宫内膜腺癌和正常子宫内膜组织中的阳性表达率分别为48．8％和25．0％（P=0．024）;随着肿瘤分化程度降低和临床期别升高,TrkB阳性表达率逐渐增高（P=0．011,P=0．028）。有淋巴结转移组中TrkB表达明显高于无转移组（P=0．008）。TrkB在浆液性腺癌和透明细胞癌中呈强阳性表达。结论TrkB的高表达与子宫内膜癌的发生、发展以及浸润转移有关,TrkB可能作为预测子宫内膜癌发生淋巴结转移和浸润转移的间接指标之一。     

S100A4蛋白在47例人肺腺癌中的表达及意义

[目的]研究钙离子结合蛋白A4（S100A4）在肺腺癌组织、癌旁肺组织和正常肺组织中的表达及其临床意义。[方法]应用免疫组化SP法检测47例肺腺癌及相应癌旁肺组织标本（距肿瘤3cm．5cm）、15例正常肺组织标本中S100A4蛋白表达。[结果]在正常肺组织中S100A4蛋白无表达；在癌旁肺组织中S100A4蛋白表达率为12．8％（6/47）：在肺腺癌组织中的表达率为59．6％（28/47）．与正常及癌旁肺组织比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）：S100A4蛋白在肺腺癌中的表达与淋巴结转移及癌细胞分化程度均有相关性（P〈0．05）。[结论]S100A4蛋白的表达与肺腺癌的发生和淋巴结转移正相关，与肺腺癌分化程度负相关。     

应用组织芯片研究肺癌及癌前病变组织中FHIT的表达及其意义

背景与目的 脆性组氨酸三联体(fragile histidine triad,FHIT)是候选抑癌基因,在多种与环境致癌物有关的恶性肿瘤中常有FHIT的改变.本研究利用组织芯片技术检测FHIT在不同进展阶段肺癌中的表达,探讨其在肺癌发生、发展中的作用和意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学SP法检测270点组织芯片中FHIT蛋白的表达,其中原发肺癌89例、淋巴结转移性肺癌12例以及肺癌癌前病变12例,并结合肺癌的临床病理特征进行分析.结果 FHIT蛋白阳性产物主要定位于胞浆.在原发性肺癌、癌前病变组织和淋巴结转移癌组织中FHIT表达缺失率分别为46.1%、41.7%和50.0%,而在10例正常肺组织中FHIT均有表达.原发性肺癌组、癌前病变组和转移癌组FHIT蛋白的表达缺失率均高于正常组(P＜0.05);原发癌与转移癌、原发癌与癌前病变、癌前病变与转移癌之间FHIT表达差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05),且FHIT表达缺失与肺癌组织学类型、分化程度以及患者的吸烟史相关且有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而与性别、年龄、临床分期、是否伴有淋巴结转移以及肉眼类型无关(P＞0.05).结论 FHIT在肺癌和癌前病变中表达下降,尤其在鳞癌、低分化组和吸烟病例中表达缺失率高,FHIT表达缺失可能与肺癌早期发生、发展及吸烟致癌过程有密切的关系.     

SFRP1基因甲基化及其蛋白在肺腺癌中的表达及临床意义北大核心CSCD

目的探讨SFRP1基因甲基化及其蛋白在肺腺癌组织中的表达。方法收集手术切除的肺腺癌标本60例和癌旁组织30例,采用甲基化特异性PCR法、实时荧光定量PCR法和免疫组织化学染色法分别检测SFPR1基因甲基化、m RNA及蛋白的表达情况。结果 SFRP1基因甲基化率在肺腺癌中(58.3%)表达明显高于癌旁组织(20.0%)(P=0.001)。SFRP1 m RNA在肺腺癌(0.847±0.297)中的表达明显低于癌旁组织(2.019±0.445)(P<0.01)。SFRP1蛋白在肺腺癌中的阳性表达率为38.3%(23/60),明显低于癌旁组织中的表达率83.3%(25/30)(P<0.001);SFRP1蛋白表达与肺腺癌组织分化程度、临床分期及淋巴结转移情况有关(均P<0.05)。SFRP1基因甲基化与其蛋白表达缺失存在相关性(r=-0.585,P<0.001)。结论 SFRP1蛋白的表达降低可能是由于SFRP1基因甲基化所致,SFRP1基因甲基化及其蛋白表达与肺腺癌组织分化程度及淋巴结转移情况密切相关。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

miRNA与肿瘤侵袭转移

目前,microRNA (miRNA)已成为肿瘤研究中最基本的参与者,主要通过与靶标基因3 'UTR(非翻译区)的完全或不完全配对,降解靶标基因mRNA或抑制其翻译,从而参与调控个体发育、细胞凋亡、增殖及分化等生命活动.miRNA作为调控基因表达的重要分子在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用越来越受到重视,表明miRNA在肿瘤侵袭和转移中的作用机制具有重要的理论意义,同时也可为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新方法.本文就miRNA通过调控上皮间质转化及肿瘤干细胞导致肿瘤侵袭转移的最新研究进展作一综述.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

甲状腺手术的技巧及副损伤的预防和处置

鉴于甲状腺手术是普外科的常见手术，为求其日渐完美，以有益于病人，现根据作者的体会，并结合阅读相关文献，就其手术操作、喉返神经处理、甲状旁腺处理进行扼要阐述。     

芦荟大黄素及芦荟提取物的诱变性和抗诱变性

目的:用L5178Y小鼠淋巴瘤细胞体外微核试验评价芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物的诱变和抗诱变作用,为其安全性评价提供依据。方法:设溶剂对照、阳性对照和抗诱变对照,芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物诱变和抗诱变试验各设4个剂量组,处理L5178Y细胞12 h后按常规方法进行体外微核试验分析。结果:较高浓度(6.67μg/ml)的芦荟大黄素可致微核细胞率增加,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而芦荟提取物未见此效应。在一定剂量范围内,芦荟大黄素(0.22～6μg/ml)和芦荟提取物(20～180μg/ml)对甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)所致微核细胞率均有一定程度的拮抗作用,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:芦荟大黄素具有一定的诱变作用,而在本实验剂量范围内的芦荟提取物未见遗传毒性。两种受试物在一定范围内均能较好地拮抗MMS所致的染色体损伤。     

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftibuten and Cefaclor in the Treatment of Pneumonia and Bronchiectasis

Summary

In a multicentre, international study of 187 adult patients with bacterial pneumonia or bronchiectasis, the safety and efficacy of a regimen of 200 mg ceftibuten administered twice-daily was compared with cefaclor given in a dosage of 500 mg three times a day. Of the 94 evaluable patients, 66 received ceftibuten and 28 received cefaclor. The overall bacteriological response was similar in the two treatment groups with elimination of the original pathogen in 91% and 89% of the patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively. The overall clinical response mirrored the bacteriological results with a successful clinical outcome in 92% of ceftibuten-treated patients compared with 93% in patients receiving cefaclor. Adverse experiences were, in general, few and mild, being reported in 8% and 17% of patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively.     

Erythrocyte levels of cadmium and lead and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma

Cadmium and lead are persistent environmental toxins that are known or probable carcinogens, based on evidence for causality for nonhematologic cancers. Associations of these metals with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are unknown but biologically plausible. To examine the associations of circulating levels of lead and cadmium exposure with risk of B-cell NHL (B-NHL) and multiple myeloma, we conducted a nested case-control study among 299 incident B-cell NHLs and 76 MM cases within the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-II NC). Each case was incidence-density matched to two eligible controls on age, race, sex and blood draw date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lymphoid malignancies overall and stratified by subtype. We observed a significant positive association between high erythrocyte lead concentration and risk of lymphoid malignancies overall (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.33 per 17.6 μg/L (1 standard deviation [SD])) and follicular lymphoma in particular (RR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.15-2.80 per SD). In contrast, there was no association between erythrocyte cadmium and risk of B-NHL (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75-1.06 per 0.37 μg/L [1 SD]), or any B-NHL subtypes; but a strong inverse association with MM risk (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38-0.89, per SD). Results from our study suggest a positive association between erythrocyte lead level and risk of lymphoid malignancies and a possible inverse association between cadmium and myeloma. Additional research is needed to confirm and further explore these findings.     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.