独活挥发油对N-脂肪酰基乙醇胺水解酶的抑制作用及抗炎作用研究

目的:研究独活挥发油对内源性大麻素水解酶N-脂肪酰基乙醇胺水解酶(N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase,NAAA)水解活性的影响以及对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症反应模型的抗炎作用.方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取独活挥发油,GC-MS检测化学成分;采用LC-MS检测NAAA水解活性;采用LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞建立细胞炎症反应模型;采用LC-MS检测细胞内棕榈酸乙醇胺(N-palmitoylethanolamine,PEA)水平;采用实时定量PCR检测肿瘤坏子因子-α(TNF-α)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)mRNA表达;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测TNF-α含量;采用Griess法检测一氧化氮(NO)含量.结果:独活挥发油可抑制NAAA水解活性,升高LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞内PEA水平;独活挥发油可下调LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症因子TNF-α,iNOS,IL-6 mRNA表达;独活挥发油可抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞TNF-α和NO释放.结论:独活挥发油能够抑制NAAA水解活性,升高细胞内PEA水平,降低炎症因子表达,具有一定的抗炎作用.     

紫金龙乙醇组分对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子的影响

目的:研究紫金龙乙醇组分(AVEC)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW 264.7分泌炎症因子的影响。方法:用脂多糖(10μg·L-1)刺激生长良好的RAW 264.7细胞24 h建立体外细胞炎症模型,以MTT法测定不同浓度AVEC对RAW 264.7细胞的毒性作用,Griess试剂法检测一氧化氮(NO)含量,ELISA法检测细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白介素6(IL-6)含量。结果:AVEC在低于400 mg·L-1时对RAW 264.7细胞无毒性作用。与空白对照组相比,LPS可以明显诱导RAW 264.7细胞分泌炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6和NO(P<0.01);与模型组相比,100~400 mg·L-1的AVEC可明显下调LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞释放炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6和NO(P<0.05,P<0.01),并呈现良好的剂量依赖关系。结论:AVEC可以抑制脂多糖诱导的RAW 264.7细胞炎症反应,其抗炎作用可能与减少炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6和NO有关。     

麦冬不同提取部位对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子的影响

目的:研究麦冬各提取物组对脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7中炎症介质的影响,进而找出该药的抗炎有效部位群。方法:采用回流提取及有机溶剂萃取的方法制备麦冬总提取物及不同提取部位。各提取部位分别作用于RAW264.7巨噬细胞后,使用MTS法检测细胞活力;并对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应模型采用不同部位的麦冬提取物和LPS(脂多糖)进行药物干预24 h后,采用Griess法测定NO的分泌量;采用ELISA法检测细胞上清液中TNF-α的含量。结果:麦冬各提取物组都能明显抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞NO的分泌(P0.05),以及TNF-α的表达(P0.01),并呈现出良好的剂量依赖性。与其他组相比,其中水提取部位对NO分泌的抑制作用最突出,正丁醇提取部位对TNF-α表达的抑制作用最突出。结论:麦冬各提取物组可通过抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞NO的分泌与TNF-α的表达,从而发挥抗炎作用,试验结果表明麦冬水与正丁醇提取部位对炎症因子的抑制作用最强。     

表儿茶素对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子的影响

目的:观察表儿茶素对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7分泌炎症因子的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:用脂多糖(1 mg·L-1)刺激生长良好的RAW264.7细胞24 h建立体外细胞炎症模型,以噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定不同浓度表儿茶素对RAW 264.7细胞的毒性作用,Griess试剂法检测一氧化氮(NO)含量,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞介素-1(IL-1)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测细胞一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPKs)磷酸化表达。结果:表儿茶素在100μmol·L-1时对RAW 264.7细胞无毒性作用。与空白组比较,LPS可明显诱导RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子NO,TNF-α,IL-1和IL-6(P0.01);与LPS组比较,25~100μmol·L-1的表儿茶素可以明显降低LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞释放炎症因子NO,TNF-α,IL-1和IL-6(P0.05,P0.01),抑制i NOS蛋白及MAPKs亚族p38,细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal regulated kinases,ERK)和c-jun氨基末端激酶(c-jun terminal kinase,JNK)蛋白磷酸化水平表达,并呈现浓度依赖关系。结论:表儿茶素可以抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应,其抗炎作用可能与减少炎症因子NO,TNF-α,IL-1和IL-6,抑制i NOS蛋白表达及p38MAPK,ERK1/2和JNK的磷酸化水平有关。     

青蒿素和二氢青蒿素的抗炎作用及机制

目的:研究并比较青蒿素和二氢青蒿素的抗炎作用及其分子机制.方法:用LPS刺激小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW 264.7释放TNF-α,IL-6,NO等炎症介质,评价药物对巨噬细胞释放以上炎症介质的抑制作用.以ELISA法检测TNF-α,IL-6的含量,以Griess法检测NO的含量,同时以MTF法评价细胞毒性.Western blot法检测iNOS,COX-2及内参蛋白β-actin水平.比色法检测COX-2酶活性.结果:二氢青蒿素在12.5～100μnol·L-1可明显抑制LPS诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7释放TNF-α,IL-6及NO,并呈现良好的剂量依赖关系.青蒿素仅对IL-6具有一定程度的抑制作用.结论:二氢青蒿素通过下调iNOS蛋白表达,抑制巨噬细胞释放炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6和炎症介质NO发挥抗炎活性,青蒿素可能通过代谢为二氢青蒿素发挥抗炎作用.     

甘草总皂苷抗炎作用机制研究

目的: 采用体外炎症模型研究甘草总皂苷抗炎作用机制。 方法: 建立脂多糖(LPS)诱导巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞体外炎症模型,检测不同浓度甘草总皂苷对炎症因子生成与释放及花生四烯酸代谢通路中与前列腺素E₂(PGE₂)生成有关的关键酶的影响。 结果: 甘草总皂苷能显著降低LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞一氧化氮(NO)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的释放,并通过抑制磷脂酶A₂(PLA₂)酶活性及环氧合酶-2(COX-2)表达而降低PGE₂的合成。 结论: 甘草总皂苷抗炎作用与其减少巨噬细胞炎症介质生成与释放、抑制花生四烯酸代谢途径PGE₂合成的关键酶密切相关。     

当归藤不同部位对LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞的影响及抗氧化作用

目的通过研究当归藤不同极性部位对脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞NO、TNF-α、IL-6表达的影响及其对DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除作用来表明其抗炎作用机制和抗氧化作用的强弱。方法利用LPS(25μg/mL)诱导RAW264.7细胞建立炎症模型,用MTT法检测当归藤不同部位药物浓度毒性,用Griess试剂法和ELISA法检测体外炎症模型分泌一氧化氮(NO)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)等炎性细胞因子的影响;通过DPPH和ABTS自由基考察当归藤的抗氧化能力。结果当归藤不同极性部位在0～0.5 mg/mL范围内对小鼠RAW264.7细胞无不良反应;其对LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞产生的炎症因子NO、TNF-α和IL-6具有抑制的作用,并具有浓度依赖性;乙酸乙酯部位的DPPH和ABTS的IC50值均0.04 mg/mL。结论 LPS诱导小鼠RAW264.7细胞能使TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的蛋白含量增加,当归藤可抑制该生物反应,发挥间接抗炎作用;乙酸乙酯部位具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

人参多糖对LPS诱导小鼠巨噬细胞炎症因子生成的抑制作用及其机制

目的:研究人参多糖对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症反应的抑制作用及机制。方法:细胞以2×104个/m L的密度接种于6孔培养板,将细胞分为空白组,LPS组,LPS+地塞米松组,LPS加人参多糖组(质量浓度分别为31.25,62.6,125,250,500 mg·L-1)。用LPS(1 mg·L-1)刺激生长良好的RAW264.7细胞24 h建立体外细胞炎症模型,Griess试剂法检测一氧化氮(NO)含量,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测一氧化氮(NO),TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA的表达,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测细胞K基因结合核因子抗体核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)p65蛋白的表达。结果:与空白组比较,LPS模型组细胞因子NO,TNF-α,IL-6表达量显著升高(P0.01),炎症模型建立成功。给予人参多糖干预后,与LPS组比较,31.25~500 mg·L-1的人参多糖可以明显降低LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞释放炎症因子NO,TNF-α和IL-6水平(P0.05,P0.01),抑制i NOS,TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA的转录(P0.05,P0.01),与LPS组比较,125~500μmol·L-1可以显著抑制细胞核内NF-κB p65的表达(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:人参多糖能明显抑制巨噬细胞炎症因子NO,TNF-α和IL-6过度表达,从而抑制炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制相关炎症因子和mRNA的表达和抑制NF-κB信号通路相关。     

岩白菜素对LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞炎性因子产生及细胞形态变化的影响

目的:探讨岩白菜素对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导下RAW264.7细胞产生炎性因子及细胞形态变化的影响。方法:以不同浓度岩白菜素作用RAW264.7细胞24、48 h,记录巨噬细胞形态,将RAW264.7细胞随机分为正常对照组、模型组及岩白菜素300、50μg/mL组,各组设置24、48 h处理,处理完毕后,用RT-PCR法检测LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞内炎性相关因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β及参与细胞骨架调节因子RhoA、Rac1、Cdc42的表达。结果:岩白菜素作用RAW264.7细胞24 h后能显著降低细胞炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β mRNA表达,作用48 h后能显著升高TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β mRNA表达。岩白菜素处理细胞48 h后,巨噬细胞骨架调节因子Rac1、Cdc42 mRNA表达显著上调,RhoA mRNA表达显著下调。结论:一定浓度的岩白菜素处理LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞24 h,巨噬细胞形态变化不明显,能显著发挥抗炎作用,而当岩白菜素作用时间为48 h时,巨噬细胞伪足增多,炎症反应加强。     

糖槭多糖对RAW264.7炎症因子分泌的影响

目的:通过考察糖槭叶多糖(ASP-A)和糖槭果多糖(ASP-B)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7分泌细胞因子的影响,明确其抗炎作用机制。方法:MTT法测定不同浓度两类多糖对RAW264.7细胞的毒性作用,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测细胞上清液中一氧化氮(NO)、肿瘤坏死因子-1α(TNF-1α)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的含量。结果:糖槭多糖能够抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞释放细胞炎症因子NO,TNF-1α,PGE2,IL-1β的分泌量。结论:ASP-A和ASP-B在浓度小于200 mg·L-1对RAW264.7细胞无显著毒性,且可以通过抑制细胞因子NO,TNF-1α,PGE-2,IL-1β的分泌发挥抗炎作用。     

暗紫贝母、栽培瓦布贝母及浙贝母药效学比较

目的:比较暗紫贝母、栽培瓦布贝母及浙贝母镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用,明确栽培瓦布贝母作为野生川贝母替代资源的可行性.方法:采用小鼠氨水引咳及豚鼠枸橼酸引咳法比较3种贝母的镇咳作用.小鼠酚红排痰法及大鼠毛细管排痰实验法比较3种贝母的祛痰作用;整体动物引喘实验法比较3种贝母的平喘作用.每个实验均分为5个组,分别为阴性对照组,阳性对照组,暗紫贝母组,栽培瓦布贝母组及浙贝母组.阴性组采用蒸馏水或生理盐水灌胃5d.镇咳实验中3种贝母的剂量分别为2.5g·kg-1·d-1(小鼠),1.5g·kg-1·d-1(豚鼠);祛痰实验中3种贝母的剂量分别为2 g·kg-1·d-1(小鼠),1 g·kg-1·d-1(大鼠),平喘实验中3种贝母的剂量为1.5 g·kg-1·d-1.结果:栽培瓦布贝母祛痰作用与暗紫贝母相当,小鼠酚红排泌量与阴性对照组比较,P＜0.01,大鼠毛细管排泌量与阴性对照组比较P＜0.05,栽培瓦布贝母平喘作用与暗紫贝母相当,哮喘潜伏期与阴性对照组比较,P＜0.05,暗紫贝母与栽培瓦布贝母作用差异无统计学意义;栽培瓦布贝母镇咳作用与暗紫贝母及浙贝母相当,减少枸橼酸引咳后5 min内咳嗽次数与阴性组比较,差异有统计学意义.结论:栽培瓦布贝母可作为野生川贝母的替代资源推广种植与应用.     

In vitro and in vivo anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Calophyllum brasiliense Camb.

Aims of the study

Calophyllum brasiliense (Camb.) is a medicinal tree that grows particularly in the hilly and forested regions of Brazil. Preparations from its stem bark are popular remedies for the treatment of chronic ulcers. Since earlier investigations on bark extracts evidenced gastroprotective and gastric acid inhibitory properties, this study evaluated the effects of hydroethanolic extract (HEECb) and the dichloromethanic fraction (DCMF), from Calophyllum brasiliense stem bark, against Helicobacter pylori, in vitro and in vivo.

Materials and methods

The in vitro assays were performed using the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. The test substances were evaluated in vivo taking into account the delay in the gastric ulcer healing in Wistar rats, infected with Helicobacter pylori.

Results

DCMF appeared the most active and potent in vitro against Helicobacter pylori growth with an MIC of 31 μg/mL. In the in vivo assays, rats ulcerated by acetic acid, and inoculated with Helicobacter pylori showed a marked delay in ulcer healing. Treatment with HEECb (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and DCMF (100 and 200 mg/kg) reduced the ulcerated area in a dose-dependent manner. While DCMF, at 200 mg/kg, increased the prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) level, both HEECb and DCMF decreased the number of urease-positive animals, as confirmed by the reduction of Helicobacter pylori presence in histopathological analysis.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the antiulcer activity of Calophyllum brasiliense is due, in part, to its anti-Helicobacter pylori action, validating the popular use of this species.     

In vitro and in vivo safety evaluation of Acer tegmentosum

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Acer tegmentosum, which contains salidroside and tyrosol, has been used for the treatment of hepatic disorders in eastern Asia. However, little is known about its safety.

Aim of the study

To determine the safety of Acer tegmentosum, we evaluated its acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity profiles.

Materials and methods

Salidroside and tyrosol present in Acer tegmentosum were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Acute oral toxicity testing of Acer tegmentosum was performed in rats. Genotoxicity of Acer tegmentosum was assessed by bacterial reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration, and bone marrow micronucleus tests. All the tests were conducted in accordance with the good laboratory practices.

Results

The amounts of salidroside and tyrosol in Acer tegmentosum were found to be 85.01±1.21 mg/g and 3.12±0.04 mg/g, respectively. In the bacterial reverse mutation test, Acer tegmentosum increased the number of revertant Salmonella typhimurium TA98 colonies, regardless of metabolic activation by S9 mixture. In contrast, Acer tegmentosum application did not significantly increase the number of chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice. In the acute oral toxicity test, the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of Acer tegmentosum was found to be >2000 mg/kg in rats.

Conclusion

Take together, Acer tegmentosum exhibits mutagenicity, which was evident from the bacterial reverse mutation test. Further studies are needed to identify the components responsible for such an effect and the underlying mechanisms.     

Antimalarial and safety evaluation of Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) Oliv. & Hiern: In-vitro and in-vivo study

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Many of the effective therapeutic strategies have been derived from ethnopharmacologically used natural products. Pluchea lanceolata is an herb employed in Indian folk medicine for malaria like fever but it lacks proper pharmacological intervention.

Aim of the study

To evaluate antimalarial and safety profile of Pluchea lanceolata: an in-vitro, in-vivo for its ethnopharmacological validation.

Materials and methods

Methanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane extracts and its isolate, taraxasterol acetate (TxAc) were obtained from air dried aerial part of Pluchea lanceolata. These were tested in-vitro against chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum NF54 by measuring the parasite specific lactate dehydrogenase activity. The most potent hexane extract and TxAc were further validated for in-vivo antimalarial and safety evaluation. TxAc, a pentacyclic-triterpene isolated from the most active fraction was further evaluated with special emphasis on inflammatory mediators involved in malaria pathogenesis. Murine malaria was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of Plasmodium berghei infected red blood cells to the male Swiss inbred mice. Mice were orally treated following Peters 4-Day suppression test. In-vivo antimalarial efficacy was examined by evaluating the parasitaemia, percent survival, mean survival time, blood glucose, haemoglobin and pro-inflammatory mediators involved in malaria pathogenesis.

Results

Hexane extract and TxAc showed promising antimalarial activity in-vitro and in-vivo condition. TxAc attributed in inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as afford to significant increase in the blood glucose and haemoglobin level when compared with vehicle treated infected mice. We have not observed the synergistic action of combinations of chloroquine and TxAc from our experimental results. In-vitro and in-vivo safety evaluation study revealed that hexane extract is non toxic at higher concentration.

Conclusion

Present study further validates the ancient Indian traditional knowledge and use of Pluchea lanceolata as an antimalarial agent. Study confirms the suitability of Pluchea lanceolata as a candidate for further studies to obtain a prototype for antimalarial medicine.     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

In vitro activity of Tridax procumbens against promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Tridax procumbens is an active herb against leishmaniasis.

Aim of the study

Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by Leishmania protozoa. We investigated the antileishmanial activity of Tridax procumbens extracts and a pure compound against promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana, the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World.

Materials and methods

Extracts and (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol (1) were obtained by chromatographic methods from Tridax procumbens, and the latter identified by spectroscopic analysis. The effect of these extracts and 1 on the growth inhibition of promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana was evaluated. In order to test the safety of extracts and 1, mammalian cells were treated with them, and cell viability was assessed using trypan blue and MTT.

Results

We demonstrated that extracts of Tridax procumbens and 1 showed a pronounced activity against Leishmania mexicana. The methanol extract inhibited promastigotes growth of Leishmania mexicana with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 3 μg/ml, while oxylipin 1 exhibited the highest inhibition at IC₅₀ = 0.478 μg/ml.

Conclusions

In this study we report the biological activity of extracts and (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol (1), obtained from Tridax procumbens, on the promastigote form of Leishmania mexicana, with no effect upon mammalian cells.     

In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Lentinus polychrous extract

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Lentinus polychrous is a Thai local edible mushroom, traditionally used for the treatments of fever and inflammation due to snake or scorpion envenomation.

Aim of study

The present study aimed to investigate an anti-inflammatory effect of Lentinus polychrous mycelial extract (LPME) both in vitro and in vivo.

Materials and methods

The cytotoxicity and suppressive effects of LPME on nitric oxide production, intracellular O₂⁻ production, pro-inflammatory mediator expression, TNF-α production were determined by using LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, Anti-inflammatory effect of LPME was evaluated by using carageenan-induced paw edema in rats.

Results

The LPME exhibited cytotoxicity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 280.25±10.10 μg/ml and significantly suppressed the productions of NO and intracellular O₂⁻ with dose-dependent manner. LPME decreased the expressions of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 and significantly decreased the TNF-α production in LPS-activated macrophage with dose-dependent manners. Moreover, LPME showed significant suppressive effect on paw edema in rats.

Conclusion

The results clearly revealed that the LPME inhibited NO and pro-inflammatory productions by down-regulating the gene expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators leading to the decrease paw edema in rat which support the traditional use.     

北柴胡糖基转移酶基因BcUGT3,BcUGT6的表达分析及其原核表达

该研究测定了北柴胡中2个糖基转移酶基因BcUGT3和BcUGT6在不同组织中的转录水平及MeJA处理后不定根中的转录水平。BcUGT3在根、叶、花和果中的转录水平无明显差异,但均高于茎中的转录水平。BcUGT6在叶中转录水平最高,在花中最低。以未处理的为对照,BcUGT6在MeJA处理后2 h,8 h,24 h,2 d,4 d的北柴胡不定根中,转录水平均提高近2倍,表明BcUGT6的转录受MeJA影响较小。BcUGT3转录水平随处理时间的延长不断增加,4 d时,达7倍左右。利用载体pET-28a（+）,进行了2个基因的原核表达。IPTG诱导后,宿主菌表达出了目的蛋白,并获得了纯化蛋白。为后续开展这2个基因的功能研究奠定了基础。     

In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa methanol extract

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. is a representative Thai medicinal plant traditionally used in South Asian countries to relieve various inflammatory symptoms. However, no systematic studies on its anti-inflammatory activity and mechanisms have been reported.

Materials and methods

The effect of the methanol extract from the leaves of this plant (Rt-ME) on the production of inflammatory mediators [nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂)] and the molecular mechanism of Rt-ME-mediated inhibition, including target enzymes, were studied with RAW264.7, peritoneal macrophage, and HEK293 cells. Additionally, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of this extract was evaluated with mouse gastritis and colitis models.

Results

Rt-ME clearly inhibited the production of NO and PGE₂ in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. According to RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation analyses and a kinase assay with mRNA, whole cell extract, and nucleus lysates from RAW264.7 cells and mice, it was revealed that Rt-ME was capable of suppressing the activation of both nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1 pathways by directly targeting Syk/Src and IRAK1/IRAK4.

Conclusion

Rt-ME could have anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing Syk/Src/NF-kB and IRAK1/IRAK4/AP-1 pathways and will be further developed as a herbal remedy for preventive and/or curative purposes in various inflammatory diseases.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。