食品用洗涤剂中甲基异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂检测的必要性

甲基异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂是一类具有高效、广谱的杀菌和抑菌性能的防腐剂,广泛应用于各类防腐领域,但该类防腐剂能否用于食品相关产品还有待研究。文章主要介绍了甲基氯异噻唑啉酮与甲基异噻唑啉酮的混合物和甲基异噻唑啉酮两类防腐剂,以及近年各国对化妆品中甲基异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂的限量要求。从调查数据看,市场上大多食品用洗涤剂都含有甲基异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂,有的含量甚至超过化妆品安全技术规范中最大允许浓度,对人体健康可能会产生较大威胁。因此,有必要对食品用洗涤剂中甲基异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂进行检测,并建议在食品用洗涤剂国家标准中列入对甲基异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂的限量。     

异噻唑啉酮类化合物的应用研究进展

综述了异噻唑啉酮类衍生物的合成,杀菌机理及其在各个领域的应用进展情况。     

异噻唑啉酮应用前景看好

我国异噻唑啉酮的开发和推广应用起步较晚 ,目前仅有河北省保定市阳光精细化工有限公司等 2～ 3家单位生产。今后几年 ,随着国民经济的发展 ,异噻唑啉酮产品将供不应求 ,生产开发也将出现一个崭新局面。异噻唑啉酮类化合物在工业领域主要用于防腐、杀菌。它在造纸、日化、涂料、化妆品、石油等行业及油田注水、污水处理等很多工程有广泛的应用。异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂较之我国过去常用的工业防腐杀菌剂有明显的优势。异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂具有高效、广谱的杀菌性能 ,配伍性好 ,能在较大的ｐＨ值范围内保持活性 ,添加量小 ,起效快 ,杀菌力强 ,使用…     

苯丙建筑乳液的ORP值对异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂稳定性的影响

针对同一水性苯丙建筑乳液的配方,使用不同的后处理材料、配比设计得到乳液不同的ORP值,通过高效液相色谱法测定乳液中异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂活性成分(MIT、CMIT、BIT)含量的方法,探究在不同的ORP值的条件下,添加到乳液体系中的异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂的稳定性。     

无氨天然胶乳性能研究

研究采用超速促进剂PX/硫黄/氧化锌硫化体系的无氨天然胶乳贮存性能、工艺性能、胶膜拉伸性能及自硫化机理。结果表明:无氨天然胶乳用异噻唑啉酮类衍生物保存剂对促进剂PX/硫黄/氧化锌硫化体系具有硫化协同效应;异噻唑啉酮类衍生物会使无氨配合胶乳在室温贮存时产生自硫化;适当调整促进剂PX/硫黄/氧化锌用量,可得到贮存性能、成膜性能和胶膜拉伸性能较好的无氨配合胶乳。     

苯并异噻唑啉酮类化合物的性质及合成进展

苯并异噻唑啉酮是一类优异的涂料、塑料用防腐剂。综述了苯并异噻唑啉酮类化合物的性质、杀菌机理及应用领域,比较了1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮相对于传统卡松杀菌剂的优越性,详细介绍了苯并异噻唑啉酮类化合物的合成方法及不同合成方法的优缺点。     

无氨天然胶乳性能的研究

研究采用超速促进剂PX/硫黄/氧化锌硫化体系的无氨天然胶乳贮存性能、工艺性能、胶膜拉伸性能及自硫化机理。结果表明:无氨天然胶乳用异噻唑啉酮类衍生物保存剂对促进剂PX/硫黄/氧化锌硫化体系具有硫化协同效应;异噻唑啉酮类衍生物会使无氨配合胶乳在室温贮存时产生自硫化;适当调整促进剂PX/硫黄/氧化锌用量,可得到贮存性能、成膜性能和胶膜拉伸性能较好的无氨配合胶乳。     

新型二甲基异噻唑啉酮MIT杀菌剂

异噻唑琳酮及其衍生物是近年来应用越来越广的一种杀菌剂，由美国罗门哈斯公司最早生产。其二甲基氯代产品商品名为KATHON，中文译名凯松，目前国内用于日化产品的异噻唑啉酮杀菌剂大都用此名称。其主要成分为异噻唑啉酮类化合物的复配物，化学名称：5-氯-2-甲基_4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的混合物(3：1称为氯比)。异噻唑啉酮反应机理是它与微生物细胞内的蛋白质反应，使细胞呼吸停顿，迅速抑制微生物的生长和生物高分子的合成，     

79批洗浴类化妆品中防腐剂使用情况分析

对79批抽样地点为福建省内宾馆、美容美发场所、洗浴场所的洗浴类化妆品中防腐剂使用种类、频次进行统计分析,显示有35批样品使用3种以上复配防腐剂(占79.7%),使用频次最高为异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂(占48.1%)。采用高效液相色谱法测定上述79批样品中异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂的含量,同时比对标签标识与实际检出防腐剂的一致性。结果表明,79批样品中有20批检出单一成分甲基异噻唑啉酮(MI),26批检出卡松,2批样品中卡松含量超出《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)规定限值,不合格率2.5%;另有3批样品中异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂含量已达到限值,风险较高;约1/5检出卡松的样品存在配比范围超出标准规定的情况;实际检测结果与标签标识比对不一致率高达26.6%。整体使用情况不容乐观,监管需要进一步发力。     

异噻唑啉酮类化合物的合成与生物活性

[目的]发现具有较好生物活性的异噻唑啉酮类化合物。[方法]以异噻唑啉酮类工业用杀菌剂为先导,利用"中间体衍生方法",合成10个含异噻唑啉酮的二芳醚类化合物,并对其进行生物活性筛选。[结果]初步生物活性数据表明:该类化合物在25 mg/L时对水稻稻瘟病和黄瓜灰霉病有一定的抑制作用。[结论]该类化合物可以作为先导化合物进一步优化研究。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。