乳酸菌与酵母菌混合发酵麦芽汁饮料工艺分析

饮料的制作工艺决定了饮料的色泽、口感、香味,因此饮料制作工艺是十分重要的一环。本文对影响麦芽汁饮料口感风味的因素进行分析,同时对乳酸菌和酵母菌混合发酵麦芽汁工艺进行探讨。     

芦笋枣汁清爽啤酒的研制

对以芦笋汁、枣汁、麦芽为原料生产啤酒进行了探讨，结果表明：芦笋汁：枣汁：1：1，混合添加量3％-4％，在主发酵期间添加效果好，成品酒口感清香，具有果蔬啤酒的风味。     

乳酸菌发酵麦芽汁果汁复合饮料的研制

通过乳酸菌发酵麦芽汁果汁,研制出一种不同于啤酒的全新麦芽汁饮料,通过试验筛选工艺方案,确定了发酵工艺参数,并确定了产品的生产工艺流程和质量控制指标。     

影响啤酒风味稳定性的工艺因素

<正> 虽然啤酒风味的稳定性主要取决于瓶装啤酒的氧含量,但是麦芽汁生产的各个步骤也具有同样的重要性。即: 1.在麦芽糖化、麦芽汁过滤和煮沸过程中,防止氧的吸入,保护还原性物质。 2.通过糖化醪和麦芽汁的彻底分离操作,去除易于与风味活性物质,如羰基类化合物     

手工制作小麦啤酒的技术方法实践

介绍了手工酿造小麦啤酒的技术方法。大小麦的比例为3∶2,料水比为1∶4,手摇碾碎麦芽,66~68℃下保温1 h出糖。将麦芽汁煮沸,加入西楚啤酒花平衡甜味,熬煮1 h结束,冷水浸泡煮沸锅降温。加入预活化的雅琪啤酒酵母溶液对麦芽汁进行发酵,并采用玻璃瓶中二次发酵工艺以获得足够的杀口感。生产的小麦啤酒,色泽金黄、泡沫洁白持久、口感醇厚协调,具有典型的传统德国小麦啤酒的特征。结果证明,在手工操作的条件下,同样可以生产出质量一流的啤酒饮品。     

不同发酵方法生产100%大麦啤酒饮料的研究

本文研究了利用诺维信公司Ondea Pro?酶进行100%大麦啤酒饮料的生产。分别利用上面发酵法与下面发酵法进行100%大麦啤酒饮料的生产,酿造而成100%啤酒饮料,并对其麦汁糖谱组成、氨基酸含量、蛋白质隆丁区分、α-氨基氮含量、啤酒风味物质等指标进行了全分析,特别是对上面发酵的特色风味物质4VG进行了检测,最后邀请国家级品酒委员进行了感官品评。研究发现,利用Ondea Pro?酶生产的麦汁,完全能够为酵母提供足够的营养物质,从而生产出令人满意的啤酒饮料。而上面发酵法生产的100%大麦啤酒饮料,由于采用了独特的酵母菌种和较高的发酵温度,其风味物质含量远高于下面发酵法,品评口感也远胜于下面发酵法生产的产品。上面发酵法生产的100%大麦啤酒饮料具有极大的市场潜力,是极具推广价值的一款啤酒饮料。     

复合黄精饮料的配方及工艺优化

以黄精、麦芽、陈皮、薄荷为原料,开发一种复合黄精饮料。以黄精多糖含量为指标,采用单因素试验和L₉(3⁴)正交试验对黄精的提取工艺进行优化;通过单因素分析,探讨黄精麦芽复合汁、木糖醇、陈皮汁和薄荷汁添加量对产品感官品质的影响,并以色泽、滋味、香气、组织形态为评价因素,结合利用L₉(3⁴)正交试验设计,以模糊数学感官评价法优化了复合黄精饮料黄精麦芽复合汁、木糖醇、陈皮汁和薄荷汁的配比。结果表明:黄精最佳提取工艺为:料液比1︰20(g/mL),提取时间2 h,提取次数2次;复合黄精饮料的最佳配方为:黄精麦芽复合汁添加量20%,木糖醇添加量6.5%,陈皮汁12%,薄荷汁10%。在此配方下制得的饮料具有独特的黄精风味,口感清凉,营养丰富。此次试验为复合黄精饮料研制提供理论基础和科学依据。     

莲藕汁饮料

对莲藕汁饮料技术进行了研究,在分析测定莲藕营养成分的基础上,采用磨浆、浸提、取汁、全程护色处理、明胶脱除涩味和添加复合稳定剂防止沉淀等技术,生产出既具有营养价值,又具有保健作用,藕风味突出,口感清爽的新型果蔬饮料。     

果味型麦芽汁乳酸菌饮料的研制

该试验通过乳酸菌发酵麦芽汁，再同果汁进行调配，研制出一种不同于啤酒的全新麦芽汁饮料。通过试验确定了发酵工艺参数，以及果汁和发酵麦芽汁的配比，并确定了产品的牛产工艺流程和质量控制指标。     

麦芽提取物在发酵饮料中的应用

麦芽提取物是一种完全源自谷物的天然食品,它含有丰富的麦芽糖、果糖、葡萄糖、蛋白质、小分子肽、人体必须的氨基酸和多种维生素、矿物质,还含有具有保健功能的β-葡聚糖和生育酚。用麦芽提取物生产的麦芽汁发酵饮料营养丰富,风味浓郁、独特、醇厚。与传统麦芽汁发酵饮料生产工艺相比,生产过程不需要糖化,从而使得工艺更为简单,生产周期更短,设备投入减少,降低了成本。     

The Possibility of Producing a Special Type of Beer Made from Wort with the Addition of Grape Must

The possibility of producing a beverage by wort fermentation enriched with grape must was examined. Must, from two different varieties of grapes, was added to conventional brewer's wort. The fermentation was carried out using a traditional method for lager beer production with the entire process taking thirty days. Following the fermentation process, a sensory analysis of the final product was performed and the total polyphenol content was determined. The results obtained suggest that it is possible to produce a pleasant beverage with some sensory properties similar to conventional beer. In addition to acceptable sensory properties, this drink was characterized by a higher alcohol (7–7.5% v/v) and polyphenol content.     

关于控制啤酒风味稳定性的技术思考

啤酒是由麦汁经啤酒酵母发酵后产生的一类风味独特的含酒精饮料,其独特风味主爰由酵母在麦汁中的总体代谢产物所产生并决定的,啤酒中主要风味物质包括醇类、酯类,羰基化合物、有机酸、硫化物胺及酚类等,并对其物质来源、影响因素及控制措施加以研究与探讨。     

100%大麦啤酒酿造过程中老化Strecker醛的研究

分别采用上面发酵工艺与下面发酵工艺进行100%大麦啤酒及100%麦芽啤酒的酿制,并对其麦汁的氨基酸含量、老化Strecker醛、自由基以及新鲜啤酒中老化Strecker醛的含量等进行了对比分析。研究发现,就麦汁而言,100%大麦麦汁中老化Strecker醛的含量都明显低于100%麦芽麦汁;同样的麦汁,上面发酵方式还原Strecker醛的能力明显优于下面发酵方式。就啤酒而言,经酵母还原后,新鲜啤酒中的老化Strecker醛含量较麦汁含量低,且100%大麦啤酒中老化Strecker醛的含量低于100%麦芽啤酒中的含量。100%麦芽麦汁的自由基含量是100%大麦麦汁的近3倍。这都预示着100%大麦啤酒的风味稳定性（新鲜度）明显好于100%麦芽啤酒。     

Processing of bottom‐fermented gluten‐free beer‐like beverages based on buckwheat and quinoa malt with chemical and sensory characterization

Typical beer contains significant amount of gluten, and being the third most popular beverage worldwide, the commercial production of its gluten‐free form is of rising interest. This research aimed to prepare bottom‐fermented beverages from buckwheat and quinoa and to explore their physical, chemical and sensory properties. Compared with barley, the analysis of brewing attributes of buckwheat and quinoa showed a lower malt extracts, longer saccharification times, higher total protein and fermentable amino nitrogen content and higher values of the iodine test and colour. Fermentability values, the wort pH and the soluble protein content were similar for barley and buckwheat, but different for quinoa, whereas only values of viscosity and beverage pH were similar between barley and quinoa. Both beverages, especially the quinoa beverage, contained a superior level of metal cations. The fermentable carbohydrate content in the buckwheat wort was comparable to barley but lower in quinoa; however, worts derived from both pseudocereals contained predominantly glucose. The amino acid content of the buckwheat wort was similar to barley, whereas the content in the quinoa beverage was almost twice as high. The content of volatile compounds commonly associated with beer aroma was comparable between the barley and buckwheat beverage but significantly lower in the quinoa; however, the latter contained some distinctive volatile substances not found in the other beverages. The organoleptic perception of the buckwheat beverage was better than that of the quinoa, although both showed a good general acceptance. In general, buckwheat appears quite similar to barley, whereas quinoa shows many unique properties. Copyright © 2014 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

Investigation of mashing regimes for low‐alcohol beer production

Low‐alcohol beer can be obtained by physical and biological methods. The group of biological methods includes modification of the mashing regimes and changes in the fermentation process. The aim of the present work was to study two mashing regimes for low‐alcohol beer production. The increase in the mashing duration at 50 °C led to a linear increase in the extract and the concentration of reducing and fermentable sugars in the wort. It was found that the rate of formation of reducing sugars was higher than that of the formation of fermentable sugars, which can be used for the optimization of the mashing process. The introduction of a pause at 77 °C did not lead to a substantial increase in the concentration of fermentable extract, but did lead to an increase in the total and non‐fermentable extract. The available nitrogen content in the laboratory wort was in the range of 120–150 mg/dm³. As a result of conducting fermentation processes with the top‐fermenting yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae S‐33, it was found that the combination of a small amount of fermentable sugars and a low fermentation temperature led to a beer being obtained that met the requirements for a low‐alcohol beverage. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

The influence of unmalted barley on the oxidative stability of wort and beer

The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of unmalted barley on the brewing process and the quality of the resulting beer‐like beverages, with the main focus on the oxidative stability, using traditional beer analyses, GC‐MS for the determination of aging compounds and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine free radical activity. For the investigation, brews with different barley proportions and 75% barley brews with a colour malt addition, to compensate for a lower colour using barley, were produced. In general, it can be said that beers with a proportion of up to 50% barley achieved a comparable or higher extract yield and final attenuation owing to the combined effectiveness of the malt and microbial enzymes. Although all analytical values were within the normal range according to Methodensammlung der Mitteleuropäischen Brautechnischen Analysenkommission (MEBAK), a slight decrease in total polyphenols and free amino nitrogen content was observed. Also in response to higher barley portions, an increase of higher molecular weight proteins and β‐glucan was detected. Barley is not exposed to heat and oxidative stress in the malting plant, which explains the lower values of the thiobarbituric acid index and colour as an indicator of Maillard reaction products in the resulting wort and beer. Additionally, the results demonstrate a slower increase of aging compounds during beer storage with increasing barley proportions. Furthermore, it was observed that higher barley proportions led to a better oxidative stability indicated by a lower radical generation (T₄₅₀‐value) in wort and an increasing beverage antioxidant index/endogenous antioxidative potential (BAX/EAP value) in the final beverage. The case of ‘barley beers’ showed that the positive effect of barley on the oxidative beer stability was greater than the negative effect of the addition of colour malt, to adjust the colour of a 100% malt beer. In sensory comparison with beer produced with 100% malt, the beers brewed with a barley proportion up to 50% showed a slight flavour preference and up to a 75% equivalent evaluation. Copyright © 2012 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

发酵环境变化对酵母生长和成品啤酒的影响

啤酒发酵是一个复杂的生物和物质转化过程,在整个酿造过程中,从原料粉碎到开始发酵直至发酵结束降温冷贮,环境变量因素很多,会影响啤酒酵母生长,从而影响成品啤酒中的挥发性风味物质和啤酒品质。该文重点总结介绍麦汁浓度、接种率、发酵温度、压力变量对发酵过程的影响,旨在为解决啤酒酿造过程可能出现的问题提供一些思路,从而提高啤酒质量。     

Development and Assessment of a Small‐Scale Wort Filtration Test for the Prediction of Beer Filtration Efficiency

A Small‐scale Wort rapid Filtration Test (SWIFT) that predicts beer filtration efficiency has been developed. The test is simple, cost effective and correlates with existing beer filtration tests such as beer V_max membrane (Esser test) and diatomaceous earth (Walton filter) tests. SWIFT has an advantage over existing beer filtration tests as it can be easily incorporated into barley quality laboratories utilising excess wort from extract analyses, thus negating the need for additional sample preparation or to ferment and age beer. Furthermore, the test does not rely on expensive equipment or specially trained laboratory technicians. SWIFT, which may also be used to evaluate degassed beer, is a syringe test that utilises a 13 mm diameter 0.45 μm membrane and is negatively influenced by wort viscosity (P<0.05). It is envisaged that SWIFT may be applied by barley breeding programs for the evaluation of progeny lines to provide a better prediction of beer filtration performance than total wort β‐glucan measurements. In addition, maltsters and brewers could use SWIFT to assess malt samples, and provide early warning of potential beer filtration problems during the brewing process.     

一种新型可乐型饮料的研制

主要研究以啤酒生产中的原料作为部分原料,辅以可乐原料,采用特殊工艺生产一种新型可乐饮料。该产品既具有黑啤酒的外观特征又具有普通可乐的口感特征,是一种介于啤酒和可乐之间的新产品。通过实验确定了新型糖化工艺、麦汁处理技术和其它工艺参数,采用此工艺生产的可乐饮料符合GB/T10792－1995标准。     

3-甲硫基丙醛对啤酒麦汁味的影响及其GC/MS定量检测方法的建立

对3-甲硫基丙醛在啤酒中的风味特点及对啤酒麦汁味的影响进行了研究,并对其在啤酒中的阈值进行了测定,研究结果表明啤酒中3-甲硫基丙醛具有类似于谷物蒸煮的味道,描述为麦皮味,与麦汁味相近,且其含量的高低与麦汁味成显著正相关,可以用3-甲硫基丙醛作为表征啤酒麦汁味的指标。经感官品评测定其在啤酒中的差别阈值为5.0μg/L。对样品进行蒸馏萃取结合GC-MS,建立了一种测定麦汁或啤酒中3-甲硫基丙醛的方法,采用外标法定量,该法的相关系数为0.9952,精密度为4.57%,回收率为83.71%～92.48%,检出限为0.015μg/L。应用这一方法检测了不同啤酒中3-甲硫基丙醛的含量,发现普通啤酒都在50μg/L以下,结合其差别阈值,得到啤酒中3-甲硫基丙醛的控制标准为不超过55μg/L。