废油再生现状及其工艺技术

废油再生利用对资源再生、环境保护具有重要意义。本文对废油再生利用现状进行分析,指出了国内废油资源存在的问题。概述了不同再生技术包括硫酸-白土精制工艺、溶剂精制工艺、加氢精制、薄膜蒸发工艺、膜分离技术等,并在此基础上展望了我国废油再生工艺的研究趋势。     

国内外餐厨废油的危害与资源化处理现状研究

随着人们生活水平的提高,餐厨废油量的不断增加,餐厨废油的回收利用管理显的尤为重要。餐厨废油的回收和资源化利用对减小环境污染,降低生活垃圾的处理成本、能源或资源的再生,以及经济、社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。文章综述了目前国内餐厨废油的危害、回收及资源化处理现状,指出了我国餐厨废油的回收管理中存在的缺陷,并对我国餐厨废油的回收管理和资源化利用提出了希望。     

绿色低碳化的废油处理技术研究

根据废油产生的危害以及目前废油处理过程中对环境的严重污染问题,综述了传统的、新型的废油处理技术,指出废油处理绿色低碳化的意义,并提出废油处理的绿色低碳化技术的途径是对废油进行收集、储运和处理进行科学合理地产业集群规划,旨在解决当前及今后我国逐年增速的废油产生及其处理过程中伴生的相关环境问题,对我国在废油处理过程中实施低碳环保、绿色的再生利用具有重要意义。     

东营口岸进口原油的质量分析与评价

东营市作为我国重要的石化生产基地之一,随着独立炼厂原油进口配额的增加东营口岸原油进口规模不断增大。对近年来东营口岸进口原油的质量进行分析评价对进口原油炼厂的加工、质控和经济效益的提高具有重要意义,同时对进口原油监管部门建立进口原油质量评价体系和风险预警平台提供科学的依据。对2020～2022年6月从东营口岸进口的阿曼、俄罗斯、安哥拉、马来西亚、巴西等5个国家10个产地的进口原油进行品质检验,通过对近三年进口原油的数据分析和处理,可以看出东营口岸进口的原油品质比较稳定,主要以含硫或低硫的中轻质原油为主;从水含量结果看,水含量均<0.50%;从进口原油出现不合格批次来看,东营口岸进口原油短重风险主要集中于马来西亚和安哥拉,国内进口原油企业及进口原油监管部门应予以关注。     

中国润滑油废油再生市场需求分析

中国润滑油废油市场容量不断上升的现状,使相关企业和终端用户对废油再生的需求不断提升。分析了中国润滑油废油市场容量及相关政策,同时对废油再生技术和再生油利用进行了概述。     

我国原油贸易及其市场地位

2000—2004年我国石油需求年均增长率达8.1%,我国原油进口年均增长率达14.5%。2004年我国石油需求量比2003年增幅16.9%;原油进口量达1.23亿t,比上年增长34.7%,约占世界原油进口总量的5.8%。我国在世界原油贸易中的份额和地位也不断提高。未来我国面临的原油资源竞争将会日益加剧,加快建立我国石油安全供应风险管理体制意义将十分巨大。     

基于抽提-絮凝的废油再生研究

针对我国废油再生现状,利用抽提-絮凝技术对废油的再生进行了研究。通过单因素试验,以絮凝物形态、再生油酸值、40℃运动黏度、机械杂质、再生油产率为评判依据,获得了废油精制再生的最佳工艺条件:溶剂配比为m(丙酮)/m(异丁醇)=1/1;剂油质量比为4/1;絮凝剂二乙烯三胺质量分数为1%;精制温度为50℃;精制时间为30 min。在此精制条件下,再生油质量得到显著改善,且产率达84.67%,溶剂回收率为83.33%。     

废油回收项目运行总结

河南心连心化肥有限公司“24·40项目”投产后,现有装置每月产生废油（主要是往复式压缩机活塞杆润滑油）15～20t。经调研并借鉴国内同行业的经验,投资40余万元建成1套年精制能力250t的一期废油回收装置,每月可以再生废油13—18t,全部用于压缩机的润滑,年节约费用几十万元。之后,月可再生废油30t的二期废油回收装置也顺利投产。     

日本聚丙烯出口将增长

据海关统计，2004年中国累计进口原油1．2亿t，增长34．8％，进口量增速为4年以来最快，进口价值339．1亿美元，增长71．4％。由于国际原油价格屡创新高，平均每吨进口价格比上年上涨58．9美元，多支付外汇70．68亿美元。2004年中国原油进口来源于20多个国家。其中从5个国家进口的原油量超过1000万t，合计7372万t，占当年中国原油进口总量的60％。中东的沙特阿拉伯和阿曼位居前两位，     

废油催化再生的研究进展

受益于经济不断增长的影响,日常生产与生活中对油脂方面的需求量与日俱增,由此导致更多的废油形成。当一些工业废油被燃烧或者排放后,既污染环境,也浪费能源,所以,加快废油催化再生技术的研究十分必要。通过围绕废油催化再生的研究进展,分别从废油的催化裂化技术、废油催化脱色技术等方面阐述与分析了其研究进展情况。以分析废油催化再生技术的研究进展为目的,从而有效提高我国废油催化再生技术的应用能力。     

2018 petroleum & chemical industry development report

In 2018, the petroleum and chemical industries of China achieved steady economic growth. The main business income of the entire industry was 12.4 trillion CNY, an increase of 13.6% over the previous year. The total profit was 83.93 billion CNY, an increase of 32.1% over the previous year. The total national oil and gas production reached 334 million tons of oil equivalent, increasing by 2.4% year-on-year. Among the total production, crude oil production was 189 million tons, decreased 1.2%, and natural gas production was 161.02 billion cubic meters, increased 7.5% year on year. Imported crude oil production was 462 million tons, an increase of 10.1% over the last year. Imported gas production was 125.72 billion cubic meters, increased 31.9%. The annual processing capacity of crude oil was 604 million tons, up by 6.8%. The refined oil production was 360 million tons, up by 3.6%. The industry structure was optimized for production growth in 2018, the transformation and upgrading of enterprises and products structure adjustment were sped up, energy efficiency was improved, and overall industrial benefit was rebounded. At present, the economic operation of the industry is still not very stable, and downward pressure is still great, mainly being reflected in the overcapacity of some industries, high cost operation of enterprises, increased tax burden, and weak investment. With the slow recovery of the global economy and the key support of high-quality development through technological innovation, it is expected that the petroleum and chemical industry of China will achieve the general objective of steady growth in 2019.     

2003年我国石油进出口状况分析

2003年我国石油(包括原油及石油产品)进口总量为12962万吨。原油进口总量再创历史记录,达9112万吨,同比增长31.3%;石油产品中以燃料油、石油沥青的进口量增长迅速;汽煤柴出口量保持上升态势。本文对2003年我国原油及石油产品进出口来源情况及特点进行了详尽的分析与说明。     

Plastics,Rubbers, and Textiles in Municipal Solid Waste in the United States

In 1996, 210 million tons of municipal solid waste was generated in the United States. Fifty-seven million tons of this waste was recovered for recycling, 36 million tons was combusted primarily for energy recovery, and the rest (110 million tons) of the waste was landfilled. In 1996, plastics, rubbers, and textiles accounted for 20% by weight and 41% by volume of the total municipal solid waste. Six percent (2 million tons) of plastics, rubbers, and textiles were recovered for recycling in 1996.     

我国石化产业碳达峰、碳中和实现路径研究

石化产业节能降碳,既是行业自身转型的现实需要,也是服务全社会碳达峰、碳中和目标实现的重要一环.石化产业能耗总量大、化石能源消耗占比高且替代难度大、碳排放总量较高,2019年我国石化产业能耗总量约1.7亿吨标煤,碳排放总量约4.7亿吨.未来我国油品消费将较快达峰,但化工产品的消费量仍有一定时期的较大增长需求,在统筹经济社...     

合成高聚物回收实业的兴起

在工业发达国家的许多公司重视合成高聚物废料的回收,原因是多方面的:首先,是由于废料处置价格的上涨;其次,由于工业发达国家制定了严格的法规;第三,是出于环境保护的要求,回收可以减少“理土”处置,减少天然资源石油的消耗.     

大庆多源含油污泥热解特性的对比

大庆油田是我国第一大油田,自1959年开采后已有50多年的发展历史,到2020年原油年产量已稳定到3000万吨左右。石油开采过程伴随大量含油污泥的产生,含油污泥属于危险废物,需要寻求安全清洁的处置方式。热解技术在实现无害减量的同时可实现油品资源的高效回收。本文对大庆油田不同来源含油污泥热解特性进行分析,为含油污泥处理方案选择提供理论依据。首先通过热重-红外-质谱（TG-FTIR-MS）联用测试了多源油泥样品的热解特性以及气体产物释放规律;然后采用固定床热解炉在600℃的终温下对多源含油污泥样品进行热解试验,得到三相产率;借助色谱-质谱联用（GCMS）、X射线衍射（XRD）和红外光谱（FTIR）测试对油相产物和固相产物进行详细分析。结果表明热解油以中低链烷烃为主,烯烃和醇含量相对较低,热解渣中主要以SiO₂和CaCO₃为主。     

Cottonseed oil and meal utilization

For five consecutive years world-wide production of cottonseed has set new highs, and cottonseed is more valuable as a source of food, feed, and fiber than ever before. However this paper is primarily concerned with the utilization of cottonseed oil and meal in the United States. During the three-year period, 1963–65, U.S. farmers received about $300 million annually for 6.18 million tons of cottonseed. Annual U.S. crushings were 5.79 million tons, having produced 1.94 billion pounds of crude oil valued at $222 million, 2.72 million tons of meal valued at $174 million, and 1,609,700 running bales of linters valued at $41.2 million. Retail value of cottonseed products is estimated to have been $1.1 billion annually. Changes in the U.S. cottonseed industry include shifts westward, to fewer and larger extraction plants and to the use of new and improved extraction techniques which involve solvents and high-speed expellers. The cottonseed extraction industry has a payroll of $38.2 million and consists of 188 oil mills in about 14 states, employing 8,400 people. Cottonseed oil accounted for 11.5% of total 1965 U.S. factory consumption of 12.7 billion pounds of fats and oils. Some 62% was used in salad or cooking oil, 27% in baking or frying fats, and 8% in margarine. During the 1960–65 period, usage increased in salad or cooking oils, in baking or frying fats, and in inedible products but decreased in margarine, mellorine, and other edible products. Increases exceeded decreases, and total consumption of cottonseed oil in edible and inedible products increased from 1.28 billion lb. to 1.47 billion lb. Practically all of the 2.76 million tons of cottonseed meal produced in the three-year period beginning October 1963 was used for feed. Relatively insignificant amounts were used as fertilizer on farms of cotton growers. Cattle, sheep, horse, and mule rations consumed 1.88 million tons, poultry rations 440 thousand tons, and swine rations 350 thousand tons. Cottonseed meal in cattle rations has had a downward trend since the early 1950’s although usage in poultry and swine rations has increased. It is estimated that 1.52 million tons were used by feed manufacturers in the preparation of mixed feeds during the 1964–65 season, representing a steady increase over the past two decades and a 54% increase over 1962–63. Domestic use of cottonseed flour has not changed appreciably during the past few years.     

废润滑油的再生工艺研究

针对现有的废润滑油回收利用技术都没有彻底地脱除废润滑油中金属等杂质、没有提出理想的环境友好的回收再生技术、没有很好地提高润滑油基础油的收率等问题,结合废润滑油的性质特点,探索了一种环境友好的回收再生技术,提出了不同常规的再生工艺,基础油收率高,效果显著,再生后符合润滑油基础油标准,可以用作基础油。     

2003年中国石油石化市场回顾及未来展望

2003年中国石油石化行业进入了景气周期的上升阶段,企业经济效益全面好转,成品油市场活跃,消费增长强劲,主要石化产品产量继续增长,产品结构更趋合理。2003年全国原油产量1 696亿t,表观消费量2 53亿t,比上年增长10%。原油加工量约2 4亿t,同比增长10 3%。乙烯产量612万t,比上年增长13%。合成树脂产量约1594万t,增长了16 5%,合成橡胶产量127万t,增长了12 2%,合成纤维产量1069万t,增长了17 3%。     

碳中和背景下国内外废塑料裂解法回收进展

人类生产生活对塑料制品日益增长的需求使得塑料废弃物迅速增加,由此引起的环境问题和社会问题亟待解决。本文综述了碳中和背景下国内外废塑料裂解法回收进展,从废塑料裂解催化剂、废塑料裂解反应器、废塑料与其他固废共裂解三个方面对废塑料裂解技术进展进行总结,归纳了国内外塑料回收企业和石油石化企业在废塑料裂解回收方面的进展,分为裂解法制油和裂解法制化学品两个方面。阐明了废塑料回收在节约能源、碳减排和经济性方面的意义,指出国内废塑料裂解法回收存在法规缺失、废塑料分类不清晰、产业链条不完善、相关学术研究不深入等问题,提出国内石油石化企业应从全生命周期角度出发对废塑料进行裂解法回收处理,结合上下游产业链,分阶段实施废塑料裂解产油品路线和产化学品路线。