C-erbB-2、MVD在卵巢肿瘤组织中的表达与CPA血流的关系

目的:探讨卵巢肿瘤组织中C-erbB-2、MVD表达与CPA血流的关系。方法:对50例卵巢肿瘤患者术前应用CPA检测卵巢组织内的血流信号,测其血流阻力指数(RI),术后采用免疫组化法检测该组织中C-erbB-2、MVD的表达。结果:恶性卵巢肿瘤组织中的C-erbB-2的阳性表达率(83.33%)显著高于良性组(30%,P<0.05),其表达强度与CPA血流分级呈正相关(r=0.847,P<0.05)。良、恶性卵巢肿瘤组织中C-erbB-2阳性表达组的MVD(53.37±7.91)显著高于阴性表达组(38.93±3.19,P<0.05)。卵巢恶性肿瘤组织的MVD(48.84±6.19)显著高于良性组(20.90±2.71,P<0.05),其MVD与CPA的血流分级呈正相关(r=0.823,P<0.05)。恶性卵巢肿瘤的RI值(0.36±0.06)显著低于良性组(0.68±0.07,P<0.05),其RI值与MVD呈负相关(r=-0.806,P<0.05)。结论:巢卵肿瘤组织中C-erbB-2、MVD的表达为临床应用CPA提供了可靠的病理学基础,而CPA则为临床鉴别良、恶性卵巢肿瘤提供了敏感的血流信息。     

卵巢肿瘤的彩色血管能量成像与微血管密度的相关性研究

目的探讨卵巢肿瘤的彩色血管能量成像(CPA)与病理微血管密度(MVD)的相关性及其临床价值。方法50例卵巢肿瘤患者术前应用CPA技术检测其血流,测其血流的阻力指数RI,术后对手术标本行免疫组化染色,计算MVD,行其统计学相关性对比分析。结果卵巢恶性肿瘤的MVD(48.84±6.19)显著高于良性卵巢肿瘤(20.90±2.71,P<0.05),恶性肿瘤中CPAⅢ级的MVD(50.37±5.46)显著高于Ⅱ级(32.11±3.71,P<0.05)。良、恶性卵巢肿瘤的MVD与CPA的血流分级呈正相关(r=0.455,r=0.823,P<0.05)。卵巢恶性肿瘤的RI值(0.36±0.06)显著低于良性卵巢肿瘤(0.68±0.07,P<0.05),RI值与MVD呈负相关(r=-0.806,P<0.05)。结论病理形态学基础表明,CPA在诊断良、恶性卵巢肿瘤中有重要的临床价值。     

凋亡抑制因子Survivin在膀胱癌中的表达与CPA血流的相关性研究

目的：探讨膀胱癌中凋亡抑制因子Survivin的表达与CPA血流的关系。方法：术前应用CPA检测50例膀胱癌患者及20例膀胱非肿瘤性增生患者的血流信号及其阻力指数RI，术后用免疫组化法测该组织中Survivin基因蛋白的表达。结果：50例膀胱癌患者的Survivin基因蛋白的阳性表达率（78%）显著高于非肿瘤性增生组（25%，P＜0.05）。膀胱癌的Survivin基因蛋白的表达强度与CPA血流分级呈正相关（r=0.699，P<0.05），其RI值（0.50±0.43）明显低于非肿瘤性增生组（0.69±0.41，P<0.05），表达强度与RI值呈负相关（r=-0.545，P<0.05）。结论：Survivin基因蛋白在膀胱癌中呈高强度表达，其表达强度与CPA的血流分级呈正相关。两者的有机结合可在术前、术后对膀胱癌进行评估并为临床早期诊断及判断预后提供新的理论依据。     

彩色血管能量成像及CerbB-2癌基因的表达对甲状腺肿瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨甲状腺肿瘤中CerbB-2癌基因的表达与彩色血管能量成像(CPA)的相关性研究.方法术前应用CPA技术检测50例甲状腺癌患者及30例甲状腺腺瘤患者的血流信号,及其阻力指数(RI),术后采用免疫组化法检测该组织中CerbB-2癌基因的表达.结果 50例甲状腺癌CerbB-2癌基因的阳性表达率(70%)显著高于甲状腺腺瘤组(33.3%,P<0.05),CerbB-2在临床Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的阳性表达率(83.3%)显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期(50%,P<0.05),伴有淋巴结转移的甲状腺癌CerbB-2癌基因的阳性表达率为86.9%,无淋巴结转移的CerbB-2的阳性表达率为45%,两者比较有统计学意义(P<0.05).CerbB-2的表达强度与CPA血流分级呈正相关(γ=0.699,P<0.05),甲状腺癌的RI值(0.69±0.13)显著高于甲状腺腺瘤组的RI值(0.54±0.17,P<0.05).CerbB-2的表达强度与RI值呈正相关(γ=0.792,P<0.05).结论 CerbB-2癌基因在甲状腺癌中呈高强度表达,其表达强度与CPA血流的分级呈正相关,两者的有机结合可在术前、术后对甲状腺肿瘤进行评估,为临床早期诊断和评估预后提供新的理论依据.     

彩色多普勒检测卵巢肿瘤血流及其与抗凋亡基因表达和微血管密度的关系

目的探讨彩色多普勒检测卵巢肿瘤血流及其与抗凋亡基因存活素(survivin)表达和微血管密度(microvesseldensity,MVD)的关系。方法应用彩色多普勒超声检测42例卵巢肿瘤内血流信号,测其阻力指数(RI);采用免疫组织化学方法检测MVD及survivin表达。结果恶性卵巢肿瘤组织中血流RI值显著低于良性卵巢肿瘤(P<0.01);而与肿瘤的组织类型、临床分期、淋巴结转移与否无相关性。恶性卵巢肿瘤survivin的表达率显著高于良性组(P<0.01)。RI值与MVD呈负相关且有统计学意义(r=-0.438,P<0.05)。survivin阳性表达组的RI值略低于survivin阴性表达组,二者相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。survivin阳性表达组MVD高于survivin阴性表达组(P<0.05)。结论上述3项指标分别从不同角度反映了卵巢肿瘤血管生成的特性,联合应用这3项指标可为临床早期诊断和评估卵巢肿瘤提供新的理论依据。     

卵巢癌患者经阴道彩色多普勒超声血流参数与血管新生及肿瘤恶性程度的关系

目的探讨卵巢癌患者经阴道彩色多普勒超声血流参数与血管新生及肿瘤恶性程度的关系。方法选取我院收治的卵巢肿瘤患者94例,根据病理结果分为卵巢癌患者49例(恶性组)和卵巢良性肿瘤患者45例(良性组);另选同期健康志愿者30例作为对照组。比较三组血流参数的变化情况,包括血管搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)、峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)及平均流速(VM);比较良性组与恶性组微血管密度(MVD)、促血管生成素-2(Ang-2)阳性表达率及血清中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平,分析卵巢癌患者血流参数与MVD、Ang-2阳性表达率及VEGF水平的关系。结果与对照组比较,良性组和恶性组PI和RI均明显降低,PSV、EDV及VM均显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);恶性组PI和RI明显低于良性组,EDV和VM显著高于良性组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);随着病理分期的升高,恶性组PI和RI均明显降低,EDV和VM均显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。恶性组MVD、Ang-2阳性表达率及VEGF水平均明显高于良性组(均P0.05);随着病理分期升高,恶性组MVD、Ang-2阳性表达率及VEGF水平均显著升高(均P0.05)。卵巢癌患者的PI、RI与MVD、Ang-2阳性表达率及VEGF水平均呈负相关(均P0.05),PSV、EDV及VM与MVD、Ang-2阳性表达率及VEGF水平均呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论卵巢癌患者经阴道彩色多普勒超声血流参数与血管新生及肿瘤恶性程度密切相关。     

卵巢癌组织XIAP、Survivin表达及临床意义

目的探讨卵巢癌组织X染色体连锁的凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)、生存素(Survivin)表达及临床意义。方法选取2017年2月至2019年3月我院保存的上皮性卵巢癌组织97例,同时选取良性卵巢肿瘤组织54例,正常卵巢组织60例作为对照,采用免疫组染色方法检测XIAP、Survivin表达。结果卵巢癌组织XIAP、Survivin蛋白阳性表达率分别为82.47%和80.41%,明显高于良性卵巢组织和正常卵巢组织(P0.05);临床分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、中低分化卵巢癌组织XIAP、Survivin蛋白阳性表达率分别为94.12%和96.08%、92.75%和86.96%,明显高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、高分化在(P0.05);卵巢癌组织XIAP和Survivin蛋白表达呈正相关性(rs=0.387,P0.05)。结论卵巢癌组织XIAP、Survivin表达呈过表达,与临床分期及分化程度有关,两者表达间呈正相关。     

彩色血管能量成像与cyclin E在甲状腺癌中的表达及其预后的相关性研究

目的 研究甲状腺癌中细胞周期素E (cyclin E)的表达与彩色血管能量成像(CPA)的相关性关系,并探讨其临床预后意义.方法 术前应用CPA技术检测50例甲状腺癌患者及30例甲状腺腺瘤患者的血流信号,及其阻力指数(RI),术后采用免疫组化法检测该组织中cyclin E的表达.结果 50例甲状腺癌cyclin E的阳性表达率(64％)显著高于甲状腺腺瘤组(33.3％,P＜0.05),cyclin E在组织学Ⅲ级的阳性表达率(86.7％)显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ级(50％,P＜0.05),伴有淋巴结转移的甲状腺癌cyclin E的阳性表达率为83.3％,无淋巴结转移的cyclin E的阳性表达率为40％,两者比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05).cyclin E的表达强度与CPA血流分级呈正相关(r=0.771,P＜0.05),甲状腺癌的RI值为0.73+0.05,显著高于甲状腺腺瘤组的RI值(0.55±0.06,P＜0.05).cyclin E的表达强度与RI值呈正相关(r=0.857,P＜0.05).同时cyclin E的表达强度与甲状腺癌患者的生存时间呈负相关(r=-0.874,P＜0.05).结论 cyclin E的表达强度与CPA的血流分级及甲状腺癌预后相关,cyclin E的表达是甲状腺癌有效的预后预测因子,为临床早期诊断甲状腺癌和评估预后提供新的理论依据.     

YAP1、FAT4蛋白在卵巢癌组织中的表达特点及临床意义

目的探讨Yes相关蛋白(YAP1)、FAT4蛋白在卵巢癌组织中的表达及其相互之间的关系。方法选取该院2015年1月至2017年6月收集的术后卵巢癌组织80例(恶性组)、卵巢良性肿瘤组织80例(良性组)为研究对象,采用免疫组织化学染色检测2组标本中的YAP1、FAT4蛋白表达水平,采用Spearman秩相关分析法探讨二者间的关系,并分析两类蛋白与卵巢癌的病理类型、分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移之间的关系。结果恶性组患者的YAP1蛋白、FAT4蛋白阳性表达率分别为61.25%、71.25%,均显著高于良性组(18.75%、26.25%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。卵巢癌组织中的YAP1蛋白与FAT4蛋白阳性表达呈显著正相关性(r=0.629,P=0.000)。卵巢癌组织中的YAP1蛋白阳性表达与肿瘤分化程度、临床分期有关(P0.05);FAT4蛋白阳性表达与卵巢癌患者的肿瘤分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结是否转移有关(P0.05)。结论卵巢癌组织中的YAP1蛋白、FAT4蛋白表达上调,相互间呈正相关关系,与卵巢癌的发生发展关系密切。     

卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中蛋白激酶B及Survivin蛋白的表达及意义

目的:研究蛋白激酶B(Akt)和Survivin在卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中的表达情况及其临床意义.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测50例卵巢上皮性肿瘤、26例卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤、30例卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤组织中Akt及Survivin蛋白的表达情况;并对50例卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中Akt及Survivin蛋白表达与卵巢肿瘤生物学行为、临床病理特征进行分析.结果:(1)Akt及蛋白在卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中的阳性表达率显著高于卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤及卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤(P＜0.01),卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤组织中Akt蛋白的阳性表达率高于卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤,但差异无显著性(P＞0.05).Survivin蛋白在卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤组织、卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中的阳性表达率均显著高于卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤(均P=0.00),但卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤组织与卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织之间差异无显著性(P=0.33).(2)Akt蛋白在中低分化的卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中的阳性表达率显著高于高分化的卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织,两组之间差异有显著性(P＜0.01).Survivin蛋白的表达情况与A kt蛋白类似.(3)Akt蛋白在临床分期为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中的阳性表达率显著高于临床分期为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期的卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织,两组间比较差异有显著性(P＜0.01).Survivin蛋白的表达情况与Akt蛋白类似.结论:卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中Akt及Survivin蛋白的阳性表达率显著高于卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤,提示Akt及Survivin蛋白的过表达可能在卵巢癌的发生、发展中起一定作用;Akt及Survivin蛋白表达与卵巢上皮性肿瘤的病理分级、临床分期有关,提示Akt及Survivin蛋白过表达可能参与卵巢癌的进展.     

现代残疾康复理念、政策与社区康复体系研究

本研究分析了当代残疾康复的理念和理论架构,构建了以国际公约、决议和政策、国内法律和政策以及操作性工具3个层次的康复理论体系;运用包容性发展,分析探讨了当代社区康复的体系和特点;就发展康复事业、为残疾人提供全面系统的康复服务提出相关的政策建议。     

国内外唇腭裂专科护理发展现状的文献研究及分析

目的了解和分析国内唇腭裂专科护理工作发展的现状。方法检索并分析万方医学网、中国知网、Springer Link及PubMed英文数据库近6年有关唇腭裂手术的围术期护理、患儿的喂养、手术安全管理、围术期疼痛研究以及心理护理的相关文献。结果共检索出国内文献89篇(核心期刊20篇)、国外文献22篇,其中围术期护理38篇、患儿的喂养16篇、手术安全管理10篇、围术期疼痛研究10篇、心理护理15篇。结论与国外文献相比,国内论文总结和回顾性居多,应增加研究探讨性论文,从而促进唇腭裂临床护理工作专科化的发展。     

城乡学童个性行为特征调查

目的探讨农村与城市儿童的个性行为特征。方法将97名农村学龄儿童设为农村组,97名城市学龄儿童设为城市组,采用艾森克个性问卷一儿童版和Achenbach’s 行为量表一儿童版进行评定分析。结果两组学龄儿童艾森克个性问卷各维度评分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）,且与全国常模相一致（P均〉0．05）;农村组男学童Achenbach’s行为量表违纪行为、攻击行为及外向型因子分均显著高于城市组,女学童退缩、社交问题因子分均显著高于城市组（P〈0．05或0．01）,其他因子分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。结论农村与城市儿童个性无显著差异,而农村儿童存在较多的行为问题,可能与其所受教养和生活方式有关。     

Comparison of short-term and long-term protocols for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA of Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Plasmodium

Molecular tools continue to be important in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. However, using these techniques directly in the field remains a major challenge. Therefore, the preservation of clinical samples collected from endemic field areas for later analysis remains an important preanalytical process. This study aimed at identifying a suitable protocol for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA in bioclinical specimens for Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium research. Both spiked and unspiked blood samples were preserved in 7 protocols (different media; storage temperatures). Samples were evaluated for possible degradation of DNA and RNA along the storage duration up to the 10th week. Nucleic acid targets were assessed as follows: (i) Trypanosoma and Plasmodium RNA analysis was done using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (RT-NASBA) for 18S rRNA and for stage-specific Pfs25 mRNA, respectively; (ii) Trypanosoma DNA assessment analysis was conducted by using a conventional PCR for 18S rDNA; (iii) Leishmania RNA analysis was performed with a quantitative NASBA for 18S rRNA and Leishmania DNA assessment with an RT-PCR for 18S rDNA. Findings suggested that a newly developed L3™ buffer proved to be reliable and suitable for both short- and long-term preservation of parasite nucleic acid material. This buffer is envisaged to be suitable for utilization in field situations where resources are limited.     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.     

Prevalence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and effect of vitamin supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: Although nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the most common medical condition during pregnancy, there are many unanswered questions regarding its cause, epidemiologic features and optimal management. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in a sample of Canadian women, to characterize the distribution of their severity and to investigate the role of vitamin B6 deficiency in their etiology. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Antenatal counselling service for pregnant women. PATIENTS: Three cohorts of women: a prospective, population-based cohort of 193 women, to estimate the rate and severity of nausea and vomiting (cohort A); a cohort of 555 women who sought advice for nausea with or without vomiting, to study the correlation between the maximal daily number of episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss (cohort B); and a prospective cohort of 301 women who reported vomiting, to correlate vitamin supplementation with vomiting (cohort C). INTERVENTIONS: All 3 cohorts were interviewed during the counselling session, and cohort B was followed up prospectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of nausea and vomiting, weight loss, maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting, rate of multivitamin supplementation. RESULTS: Overall, 67% of the women in cohort A reported experiencing nausea or vomiting, or both; 22% reported vomiting, and 9% experienced weight loss. In cohort B there was a significant correlation between the maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss, although there was wide variation (r2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). There was a highly significant correlation between the number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss (r2 = 0.99). In cohort C, vomiting was significantly associated with lack of supplementation with multivitamins before 6 weeks' gestation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The relation between number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss may serve as a clinical tool to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the success of anti-emetics and rehydration regimens. Further study is needed to elucidate the biologic basis of the observed association between vomiting and lack of multivitamin supplementation in early pregnancy.     

History of violence and subjective health of mother and child

Objective: To study the self-reported prevalence of experienced violence among a cohort of women about two years after giving birth, their health during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and their experience of their child’s health.

Setting and subjects: In 2011, a total of 657 women participated in phase III of the Childbirth and Health Cohort Study in Icelandic Primary Health Care, 18 to 24 months after delivery. The women had previously participated in phase I around pregnancy week 16 and phase II 5–6 months after delivery. Data were collected by postal questionnaires.

Main outcome measures: Women’s reported history of experienced violence, sociodemographic and obstetric background, self-perceived health, the use of medications and their child’s perceived health.

Results: In phase III, 16% of women reported experiencing violence. These women felt less support from their current partner (p?p?p?p?p?p?=?0.008).

Conclusions: Our study confirms that a history of violence is common among women. A history of violence is associated with various maternal health problems during and after pregnancy, a higher rate of caesarean sections and maternal reports of health problems in their child 18–24 months after birth.

• KEY POINTS

• Violence is a major concern worldwide. Understanding the impact of violence on human health and developing effective preventive measures are important elements of any public health agenda.

• ??The reported prevalence of experiencing violence was 16% among women attending antenatal care in the primary health care setting in Iceland.

• ??Women with a history of violence reported worse health in general during pregnancy and delivered more often by caesarean section, compared to women with no such history.

• ??Mothers with a history of violence also evaluated the general health of their child as worse than women with no such history.

• ??The findings of this study support the importance of recognizing and addressing experienced violence among women in primary care.

     

我院文职护士管理和培训的实践与体会

目的构建文职护士培训、使用及管理的科学方法。方法通过规范管理、科学施训、作为骨干大胆任用等多种管理方式,使文职护士得到充分的发展。结果文职护士群体成长为医院优秀骨干,首批满3年的文职护士顺利通过续聘考核。结论科学的管理培训是文职护士成长的重要基石,对医院护理管理有着重要作用。     

通用设计原则与产品研发策略

本文介绍了通用设计的概念和设计原则,并阐述了根据此原则实施通用设计的产品研发策略。通用设计惠及的不仅是残疾人,也惠及了包括普通公众在内的广泛人群,以及企业。应将通用设计的原理应融入政府相关政策和未来发展的规划中,为残疾人以及更多人群提供合理便利的通用设计产品。     

骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的CT及MRI表现:9例报告并文献复习

目的探讨骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的CT及MRI表现。方法收集手术病理证实的9例骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的临床及影像学资料,9例术前8例接受CT扫描,3例接受MRI检查。结果9例中骨脂肪瘤6例,骨血管脂肪瘤3例。6例骨脂肪瘤发生于骨内4例,骨旁2例。骨内脂肪瘤跟骨1例,距骨1例,眶骨1例,肱骨1例。骨旁脂肪瘤颅骨1例,股骨1例。骨血管脂肪瘤发生于肋骨1例,颅骨1例,椎骨1例。骨内脂肪瘤CT显示病变骨质呈轻度膨胀性改变,边缘见轻度硬化环,病灶内见脂肪密度及条弧形、结节状钙化,MRI显示病灶T1WI呈高信号,PDWI及T2WI抑脂序列呈低信号。骨旁脂肪瘤CT呈不均匀高密度团块,MRI显示病灶T1WI呈高信号,T1WI及T2WI抑脂序列呈低信号。3例骨血管脂肪瘤CT显示病变骨质呈显著膨胀性改变,骨破坏边缘及内部见多发骨嵴及粗大骨小梁,高密度骨针呈放射状、簇状或不规则排列。结论骨内脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤CT及MRI表现均以脂肪成分为主要特征,骨旁脂肪瘤CT以骨化性团块为特征,骨血管脂肪瘤骨质膨胀性改变较骨内脂肪瘤显著,病灶边缘及中心以多发骨嵴及粗大骨小梁为特征。