靶向治疗在胃肠道间质瘤中的应用

肿瘤的分子靶向治疗逐渐成为肿瘤治疗的关注焦点,分子靶向药物的出现为肿瘤的治疗带来了新的方向.伊马替尼的应用极大地提高了胃肠道间质瘤的生存率,然而其疗效评价的方法、服药的时间、是否可以中断治疗、耐药后的治疗及靶向治疗与外科治疗的结合仍是目前研究的热点.     

局部晚期食管癌新辅助治疗的研究进展

近年来,食管癌的治疗越来越倾向于多学科的综合治疗。多项研究已证明在手术的基础上加入放疗、化疗或免疫治疗可提高食管癌的生存获益。对于局部晚期食管癌患者,新辅助联合手术治疗效果明显,新辅助放化疗以及新辅助化疗均能够提高生存获益,但目前这两种治疗模式孰优孰劣尚存在争议。随着诱导化疗和新辅助免疫的加入,新辅助治疗模式更加多样化,进一步提高了病理完全缓解率,为局晚期食管癌患者的治疗提供了新思路。因此,本文旨在对近年来局晚期食管癌的新辅助治疗模式进行探讨,为进一步优化综合治疗策略提供参考。     

进展期胆囊癌的治疗进展

进展期胆囊癌的化疗和靶向治疗在临床中的应用也日益受到重视,但总体治疗效果并不尽如人意。因此,急需探讨新的治疗方法,胆囊癌的早期诊断、治疗对预后有着深远的影响。本文参考近年来国内外关于进展期胆囊癌治疗的相关文献,对胆囊癌的治疗进展做出论述。     

胆管癌内科治疗研究进展

胆管癌（cholangiocarcinoma,CCA）是胆管上皮来源的一种恶性肿瘤,恶性程度高,预后差。手术切除是唯一治愈手段,但早期症状隐匿,缺乏有效的筛查手段,只有少数患者可完成根治性切除。大多数CCA患者确诊时已处于晚期,全身治疗仍然是CCA主要治疗手段,化疗带来的生存获益有限,晚期CCA预后很差。对于局部晚期的患者,新辅助治疗的应用越来越广泛,通过新辅助治疗缩瘤完成二次切除使得患者获得了更长的生存期。随着靶向治疗及免疫治疗的到来,为晚期CCA的治疗带来更多的希望。本文系统回顾了晚期CCA的全身治疗及最新进展,包括术后辅助治疗、晚期化疗治疗、局部晚期新辅助治疗、靶向治疗和免疫治疗。     

纳米技术在黑色素瘤诊断及治疗中的应用

目前转移性恶性黑色素瘤的治疗方法包括化疗、靶向治疗、免疫治疗及放疗等,但是治疗结果远不乐观,迫切需要提高早期诊断率,需要更有效的治疗药物以及更好的药物传递系统。纳米技术在黑色素瘤的诊断与治疗中的应用减轻了药物的耐药,提高了疗效并减少了不良反应。     

Multidisciplinary management of locally advanced SCCHN: optimizing treatment outcomes

The management of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN) is highly complex. Data from recent clinical trials have altered the treatment landscape by refining the use of existing therapies, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy, and providing new treatment options, such as cetuximab. Selecting the most appropriate treatment for an individual patient requires a multidisciplinary approach and careful assessment of the relative advantages and disadvantages of each treatment approach. Surgery is highly effective but can have debilitating long-term consequences. Chemoradiation and altered fractionation radiation therapy are more effective than conventional radiation therapy, but also more toxic; as a consequence of toxicity, suboptimal delivery of radiation may diminish, in practice, the efficacy observed in clinical trials of these strategies. Cetuximab plus radiation therapy is more effective than radiation alone and does not substantially increase radiation-related toxicity, or affect the delivery of planned radiotherapy. However, whether cetuximab plus radiation therapy is similar in efficacy to chemoradiation is unknown at this time. Ideally, multidisciplinary teams weigh all these factors when making individual treatment decisions. Data from current trials will help further optimize multimodality treatment for LA-SCCHN.     

前列腺癌放射治疗

放射治疗目前不仅用于早期局限性前列腺癌的根治性治疗，亦逐渐应用于局部晚期前列腺癌的治疗、手术后的辅助性治疗以及与内分泌联合治疗。除外照射放射治疗外，组织问插植放射治疗，3-D适形放射治疗等技术也愈来愈多地应用于前列腺癌的治疗。该文重点讨论各种放疗技术在前列腺癌治疗中的适应证、疗效与副反应。     

乳腺癌骨转移的综合治疗(附70例临床分析)

目的骨转移为乳腺癌的常见转移部位，其最大危害是骨痛，应采用一系列方法减轻骨痛，努力提高患者的生存质量。方法７０例乳腺癌骨转移患者采用化疗、放疗、内分泌、同位素和综合治疗，分单一方法治疗组和综合方法治疗组，观察治疗后疼痛缓解和功能障碍恢复情况，经ｔ检验得出结论。结果单一方法治疗中，内分泌和同位素治疗有效率高于单纯化疗和放疗；单一方法治疗有效率为５６．４％，综合治疗有效率为９０％，经统计学处理，Ｐ＜０．０１。结论单纯内分泌和同位素治疗优于单纯化疗和放疗，乳腺癌骨转移患者雌孕激素受体多为阳性，更适于内分泌治疗；综合治疗明显优于单一治疗，综合治疗中大剂量化疗加内分泌治疗效果最佳。     

中医药参与肿瘤综合治疗模式现状与分析

中医药在肿瘤综合治疗中有独特的地位和优势,中医、西医诊疗理念与评价内容的日趋一致性为中医药参与肿瘤综合治疗奠定了有利的理论基础。中医药参与肿瘤不同阶段的治疗形成了维持治疗、巩固治疗、强化治疗以及序贯治疗等不同模式。全文针对中医药参与综合治疗肿瘤的模式进行探讨,以期为今后临床研究提供一定的理论基础。     

Molecular fingerprinting of radiation resistant tumors: Can we apprehend and rehabilitate the suspects?

Radiation therapy continues to be one of the more popular treatment options for localized prostate cancer. One major obstacle to radiation therapy is that there is a limit to the amount of radiation that can be safely delivered to the target organ. Emerging evidence suggests that therapeutic agents targeting specific molecules might be combined with radiation therapy for more effective treatment of tumors. Recent studies suggest that modulation of these molecules by a variety of mechanisms (e.g., gene therapy, antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA) may enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy by modifying the activity of key cell proliferation and survival pathways such as those controlled by Bcl-2, p53, Akt/PTEN and cyclooxygenase-2. In this article, we summarize the findings of recent investigations of radiosensitizing agents in the treatment of prostate cancer.