引种木瓜的质量分析

为了探讨引种木瓜的内在质量与宣城产木瓜的差别 ,我们以宣城产木瓜及对照药材为对照进行薄层鉴别试验 ,用络合滴定法测定有机酸的总含量。现报告如下。方法与结果 :①薄层鉴别 :取木瓜对照药材粉末 0 5ｇ置具塞三角烧瓶中 ,加乙醇 2 0ｍｌ,超声处理 1 0ｍｉｎ ,离心滤过 ,滤液浓缩至约 1ｍｌ,作为对照药材溶液。另取引种木瓜及安徽宣城木瓜同法制成供试品溶液。吸取上述三种溶液各 1 0 μｌ分别点于同一硅胶Ｇ ｃｍｃ/Ｎａ薄层板上。以乙酸乙酯 氯仿 甲酸 (6∶3∶1 )为展开剂。展距离约 1 2ｃｍ ,喷以 0 2 %溴甲酚绿试液显色。供试品色…     

甲苯咪唑杀广州管圆线虫成虫的效果观察

目的观察甲苯咪唑对广州管圆线虫成虫的杀灭效果。方法用广州管圆线虫感染大鼠70d后，将其分为3组：1）甲苯咪唑组：用灌胃的方法给予甲苯咪唑50mg／kg，1次／d，连续2d；2）吡喹酮＋甲苯咪唑组：第1d灌服吡喹酮1次，剂量为300mg／kg；第4d和第5d灌服甲苯咪唑，给药剂量和次数同甲苯咪唑组；3）对照组：灌胃生理盐水。给药结束后第6d分别剖杀实验大鼠，分离、记数、观察广州管圃线虫成虫。结果甲苯咪唑组的减虫率为28．32％，虫荷数与对照组比较差异有显著性（P=0．0445）；吡喹酮＋甲苯咪唑组与甲苯咪唑组比较，减虫率差异无显著性（P=0．999）。结论甲苯咪唑对广州管圆线虫成虫有效，但杀灭效果较差。吡喹酮和甲苯咪唑联用对广州管圆线虫成虫无明显协同杀灭效应。     

呼气试验:在消化病临床上应用和评价

呼气试验（Breathtests），由于其简便、易完成和无创性，已越来越多地应用于消化系功能的检测和疾病诊断（表1），其中，“G尿素呼气试验已成为幽门螺杆菌感染最重要的非创性诊断手段．表1呼气试验l肝如能检测＊．互NG氨基比林呼试验件O。noP加fi6b。th在。在）’‘O氨基比林在肝内由微粒体氧化为甲酸，再生成1‘O飞，从呼气中排出．口服已知剂量的“G氨基比林（通常l～Zofi），然后收集2h＄｛H呼气样本，检测其放射性．正常2h内呼气中排出的放射性为口服量的6．6％土1．3％，肝硬变和肝炎患者则明显降低，分别为2．6％士1．2％和2．6…     

CT薄层扫描在诊治肺结核中的应用

目的提高CT薄层扫描在诊治肺结核中的应用价值。方法对2007年1月～2007年8月期间我院确诊的49例肺结核患者进行针对性胸部CT薄层扫描后的影像学变化，讨论CT薄层扫描在诊治肺结核中的应用。结果CT平扫未发现病变，而CT薄层扫描发现下列病变，分别为空洞28例（占57％），钙化5例（占1％），支气管闭塞2例（占0．04％），结核球内部结构3例（占0．06％），支气管扩张10例（占2％），小叶中心性病变13例（占27％），椎体破坏1例（占0．02％），粟粒影1例（占0．02％），肋骨破坏1例（占0．02％）。结论CT薄层扫描方法的灵活应用对肺结核的诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗疗效的观察有着非常重要的意义。     

黄绿青霉素致细胞DNA损伤的单细胞电泳实验观察

目的：应用单细胞电泳技术探讨黄绿青霉素（CIT）对细胞DNA损伤的作用，探索CIT暴露的生物标志。方法：CGC－7901细胞常规培养，荧光显微镜观察CIT不同剂量对DNA的效应，用Kinetic彗星图像分析软件，对DNA的尾长和尾积积差进行分析。结果：CIT可致细胞DNA损伤，随着CIT浓度的增加，DNA的迁移长度和尾长积差都明显增加，呈显著剂量效应关系，以尾长积差指标更灵敏。结论：单细胞电泳技术检测的DNA损伤有望成为CIT暴露的生物标志。     

3种梅毒检测方法的比较

目的：对3种梅毒检测方法进行对比分析，选择合适的方法进行献血者的筛查。方法：用非特异性的甲苯胺红不加热血清试验（TRUST）、酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法对献血者进行梅毒筛检，阳性标本用梅毒确证试验（TPPA）法进行确证。结果：TRUST法灵敏度为60％（42／70），假阳性率6．67％（3／45），漏检率40％（28／70）；ELISA法灵敏度为98．57％（69／70），假阳性率2．82％（2／71），漏检率为1．43％（1／70）。结论：ELISA法具有较高的灵敏度和特异性，漏检率较低，非常适合用于献血者的梅毒筛查。     

溃疡性结肠炎和感染性结肠炎血清学和免疫病理学指标的比较分析

背景：溃疡性结肠炎（UC）与感染性结肠炎（IC）均为结肠性腹泻的常见原因，即使综合临床表现、内镜和组织学检查等表现，仍有部分UC与IC难以鉴别。目的：比较抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA）、CD44v3、CD44v6和转化生长因子（TGF）β1在UC和IC中表达的差异，为两组患者提供有用的鉴别指标。方法：采用间接免疫荧光法（IIF）和酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清ANCA和ANCA靶抗原：免疫组化法检测两组患者结肠黏膜CD44v3、CD44v6和TGFβ1的表达。结果：血清ANCA检测UC患者阳性率IIF法为48．1％．ELISA法为33．3％．而IC组均为阴性，两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；结肠黏膜CD44v3、CD44v6在UC患者表达阳性率分别为68．8％、56．3％，而IC组均阴性，两组比较均有显著差异（P〈0．05）；两组患者结肠黏膜TGFβ1的表达无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：血清ANCA和结肠黏膜CD44v3、CD44v6的检测有助于鉴别UC与IC。     

抗纤软肝冲剂的制备及质量研究

目的：介绍抗纤软肝冲剂的制备方法并对其进行定性定量的研究。方法：用水提醇沉法制备抗纤软肝冲剂；对方中山楂进行薄层定性鉴别；对方中主药丹参所含主要有效成份原儿茶醛的含量进行了双波长薄层扫描测定。检测波长为λｓ＝２８０ｎｍ，参比波长为λＲ＝４００ｎｍ；采用硅胶Ｇ薄层板，展开剂为氯仿－丙酮－甲酸（８：１：１）。结果：山楂薄层鉴别结果显示供试品色谱与对照品及对照药材色谱在相应的位置上，显示相同颜色斑点；双     

非淋菌性尿道炎628例病原学检测

应用培养和衣原体抗原快速免疫测定法对628例非淋菌性尿道炎（NGU）患者的尿道（宫颈）分泌物进行检测。结果显示：CT阳性125例（19．9％），UU164例（26．1％），CD19例（3．0％），金黄色葡萄球菌146例（23．3％），表皮葡萄球菌38例（6．1％），其它细菌38例（6．1％）。混合感染111例（17．7％），其中UU＋细菌7．6％，CT＋UU3．7％，CT＋细菌3．3％，UU＋CD1．0％，CT＋CD0．8％，UU＋CT＋细菌1．0％，UU＋CT＋CD0．3％．本文就有关NGU的病原学进行了探讨。     

痰细胞学液基薄层检测技术对肺癌诊断价值的Meta分析

目的应用Meta分析法综合评价痰细胞学液基薄层检测技术对支气管肺癌的诊断价值。方法检索PubMed、Cochrane、ISIWebofKnowledge等数据库，检索时间为1990年1月至2011年2月发表的相关文献，收集关于痰细胞学液基薄层检测技术诊断支气管肺癌的相关研究文献并进行信息统计、科学性评估及质量分级；采用Meta—Discl．4软件固定效应模型进行数据分析；通过汇总敏感度、特异度、汇总似然比及汇总受试者工作特征曲线（SROC曲线）等统计指标综合评价痰细胞学液基薄层检测技术对支气管肺癌的诊断价值。结果共纳入8篇文献，其中英文2篇，中文6篇，样本量为2584例，其中经组织病理学确诊或明确临床诊断的支气管肺癌共1719例，865例非肺部恶性肿瘤患者为对照。异质性检验显示纳入研究齐性好，通过固定模型的汇总计算得出汇总灵敏度为0．44（95％CI0．42，0．46），汇总特异度为1．00（95％CI0．99，1．00），汇总阳性似然比为72．54（95％CI31．66，166．17），汇总阴性似然比为0．50（95％CI0．47，0．53），SROC曲线下面积为0．9736。结论汇总相关研究结果表明：痰细胞学液基薄层检测技术在支气管肺癌的诊断中特异度达到0．99～1．00，但灵敏度仅为0．44，尚不适用于支气管肺癌的筛查。但是本研究纳入文献有限，需要更多高质量、大样本、多中心的研究加以验证。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.