脉冲厌氧流化床工艺处理生活污水试验研究

针对生活污水水质特征,研究以网状海绵填料及圆形悬浮填料为载体的脉冲厌氧流化床工艺,考察该工艺下填料的挂膜方法和污水处理效果;确定脉冲厌氧流化床工艺的较优处理工况为HRT=24~30h,脉冲强度=10~15min/次,脉冲频率=16~20次/d。试验结果表明:厌氧流化床采用好氧预挂膜更易挂膜;网状海绵填料水处理效果优于圆形悬浮填料;HRT=24h时,脉冲进水较优工况下COD、SS的去除率分别70.3%、88.5%,连续进水工况下COD、SS的去除率分别为67.3%、83.9%;与连续进水相比,脉冲进水水处理效果好,脉冲厌氧流化床工艺可用做生活污水预处理工艺,具有较好的工程应用前景。     

低温下硝化型曝气生物滤池的快速启动

为了提高我国北方地区冬季污水处理设施的生物脱氮效能,本文采用人工配水,探究低温条件下硝化型BAF的快速启动过程。结果表明:在10~16℃条件下,进水NH+4—N和COD浓度分别控制在103.16和60.00 mg/L,采用接种挂膜法与自然挂膜法相结合的方式,运行至25 d时,出水NH_4~+—N和COD的浓度分别降为36.17和6.66 mg/L,去除率分别高达62.74%和87.30%,NO_3~-—N浓度达到60.23 mg/L。采用的硝化型BAF具有良好的硝化性能。至硝化型BAF启动成功,填料表面生物膜由浅褐色黏性薄膜变为较厚的黄褐色生物膜。     

BAF处理洗涤剂废水适宜填料的筛选试验研究

通过生物陶粒、稀土瓷砂、普通陶粒对洗涤剂废水中难达标的LAS、TP的吸附与生物挂膜实验,结果表明,3种填料对LAS、TP的吸附等温式符合Langmuir模型。生物陶粒对LAS、TP的吸附去除率分别达到23.2%、27.2%,比稀土瓷砂、普通陶粒有更好的吸附性能,且对污水中污染物LAS、TP的浓度变化有很好的适应性,耐污染冲击负荷性能高于稀土瓷砂、普通陶粒,生物陶粒挂膜速度快,挂膜后处理水的COD达54 mg/L<60 mg/L,对COD处理效果好。因此,生物陶粒适于呈碱性洗涤剂废水的处理,是BAF处理洗涤剂废水的适宜填料。生物陶粒用作BAF填料处理洗涤剂废水,能有效提高COD、LAS和TP的去除率,使洗涤剂废水能处理达排放标准,这对于保护水环境具有重要意义。     

不同填料生物接触氧化工艺处理有机废水对比研究

选取组合填料、MBBR填料作为生物接触氧化池的填料,通过考察挂膜启动时间、生物膜生物相、LAS和COD去除效果、附着生物膜数量及悬浮污泥沉降性能等指标,进行不同类型填料处理有机废水性能的比较研究。结果表明:组合填料的挂膜速度较快,约为13d,MBBR填料需要25d左右,且组合填料表面生物膜厚度大于MBBR填料表面生物膜厚度;组合填料与MBBR填料达到最佳去除效果所需的DO浓度分别为4.0mg/L和3.0mg/L,去除率分别为89.9%和90.4%;MBBR填料生物膜中的活性生物膜量高于组合填料,不仅处理效果较好,运行费用较低,还具有较好的污泥沉降性能,因此,MBBR填料综合性能较好。     

组合填料接触氧化处理生活污水试验研究

利用生物氧化工艺处理污水,在挂膜启动过程中,对原水进行20％、40％、60％、80％四个阶段的稀释,在监测组合填料对COD、BOD5、NH3 -N、TP的去除率时发现,在保持原水浓度进水水力停留时间为3h、溶解氧浓度为3.5 mg/L、pH值为7.05～ 8.23、水温为17.4～30.6℃的条件下,组合填料对COD、BOD5、NH3 -N、TP的去除率分别为76.3％、78.4％、74.9％、58.8％.     

农村污水生物泳动床处理技术研究

生物泳动床工艺是一种采用新型、高效生物填料的生物膜污水处理方法,是生物接触氧化工艺的改进。对农村污水具有很好的处理效果,通过试验发现填料挂膜速度快,一般只需1周左右的时间即可完成。生物填料膜没有集中脱落或闭塞现象、无需反冲洗。COD从250mg/L增到700mg/L,出水COD去除率仍然高达90%以上,出水平均氨氮小于5mg/L,出水平均TN小于20mg/L,TN去除率60%以上。通过调节运行参数和进水水质的试验研究,最终确定出生物泳动床高效低成本的工艺运行参数。     

塑料填料曝气生物滤池处理河水的应用研究

以曝气生物滤池（BAF）处理河水时出水氨氮小于0．5mg／L为目标,通过试验室小试对几种新型塑料填料的挂膜性能、硝化速率等进行了对比研究,选出了最佳填料为4号。通过现场中试对4号填料的挂膜运行情况、气量要求、硝化速率及氨氮冲击负荷等情况进行了研究。结果表明,在试验条件下,4号填料完全能够满足处理要求。同时具有压力损耗低、反冲洗频率低的优点。     

曝气生物滤池去除有机物及氨氮的影响因素分析

采用以陶粒为填料的曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理生活污水,研究气水比、水力负荷、进水COD和NH3-N负荷对BAF去除COD及NH3-N的影响,分析COD及NH3-N沿滤柱的变化规律。结果表明:当试验进水COD及NH3-N质量浓度分别为300~370mg/L和20~40mg/L时,最佳气水比为4∶1~5∶1,最佳水力负荷为1.0~2.0 m3/(m2.h)。当进水COD负荷为1.69~6.47 kg/(m3.d)时,COD去除率与进水COD负荷成正相关。BAF的硝化性能与进水NH3-N和COD负荷成负相关。     

应用EM技术的膜法生物降解试验研究

进行EM富集培养试验、EM挂膜试验和利用EM进行生物膜法降解试验。试验结果表明:将填料和复合培养液混合培养,EM附着在填料上生长繁殖形成生物膜,在室温30℃以上、曝气充分时,凹凸棒土填料和蒙脱石填料能在10 d左右快速挂膜;采用SBR方式运行,利用凹凸棒土挂膜填料、蒙脱石挂膜填料对生活污水进行生物降解,出水CODCr去除率达80%~90%。     

低温条件下不同填料的BAF处理生活污水的试验研究

构建了两个平行的BAF(分别是陶粒/竹丝复合填料BAF和竹丝填料BAF),研究了低温环境下两个BAF处理生活污水的特性。结果表明:水温为7.9℃~14.8℃时,相对于竹丝填料BAF,陶粒/竹丝复合填料BAF的净化效果更显著。陶粒/竹丝复合填料BAF对TN、NO_3~—-N、NH_4~+-N和TP的去除率为2.7%~89.4%、61%~94.6%、11.5%~99.8%、25.5%~96.8%,而竹丝填料BAF对TN、NO_3~—-N、NH_4~+-N和TP的去除率为1.3%~78.5%、3.7%~92.4%、3.1%~97.7%、2.0%~89.3%。而且陶粒/竹丝复合填料BAF出水NO_2~—-N浓度为0.05~1.73 mg/L,平均为0.64 mg/L相对偏低。可能在低温条件下,复合填料上不同菌种之间的共降解和协同降解作用更为显著。     

Activated sludge wastewater treatment plants optimisation to face pollution overloads during grape harvest periods.

The principal objective of our study was to optimise a municipal activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to face high organic flows due to viticulture effluents inputs. Treatment file optimization consisted in testing different treatment lines, changing the number and volume of biological basins and clarifiers, with or without a buffer basin upstream, with a view to achieving a better reduction of COD. The actual WWTP biological stage is composed of two aerated basins whose total volume is 1365 m3. The studied cases are successively, the installation of a single basin of 1365 m3, then of several basins whose total volume remains constant and equal to 1365 m3. Another case was also considered, that of an aerated basin followed by a first clarifier and then, by another aerated basin and a second clarifier. All scenarios presented below were evaluated, for standard dry weather conditions and for high organic load conditions, as encountered during the grape harvest period. The method used was to carry out various simulations, using numerical modelling, and to compare the impact of different process line scenarios and management strategies on the activated sludge WWTP efficiencies.     

曝气生物滤地在污水回用中去除氨氮的试验研究

采用曝气生物滤地(BAF)工艺处理某污水处理厂模拟二级出水,研究了水力负荷及滤料层高度对NH_3-N去除效果的影响.试验结果表明,当进水NH_3-N≤25 mg/L时,平均NH_3-N去除率达到93.12%,出水NH_3-N可降至3 mg/L以下.当水力负荷为1.44 m~3/(m~2·h),HRT为1.8 h时,氨氮的去除效果最好,去除率达到95.32%,出水NH_3-N在1.5 mg/L以下.BAF对NH_3-N的去除作用主要发生在滤料的中上层.     

Clinoptilolite and multipurpose filters for upgrading effluent ammonia quality under peak loads

Peak loads of ammonia can not always be handled with success in the biological process of nitrificaton and compliance with standards may be a problem. Ion exchange with clinoptilolite may be used as a second stage unit to polish the effluent and to assure compliance. Within this context, the use of clinoptilolite in an ion exchange unit or alternatively in filters together with filter material, without a significant loss of capacity, may be possible, providing substantial reductions in terms of land requirement for the upgrade. Results from units of clinoptilolite only, and in combination with (i) burned clay and (ii) sand filters have revealed that all configurations are successful as upgrades for dampening ammonia peaks. Among the configurations investigated, the combined scheme where clinoptilolite is added to a filter unit which is aerated to enhance biological activity, has given the best results, provided that enough time is allowed for the adaptation of the nitrifiers.     

Comparison of the nutrient removal efficiency of onsite wastewater treatments systems: applications of conventional sand filters and sequencing batch reactors (SBR).

When domestic wastewater was treated with different onsite applications of buried sand filters and sequencing batch reactors, good organic matter removal was common and effluent BOD7 concentrations from 5 to 20 mg/l were easily achievable. For total nitrogen, effluent concentrations were usually between 20 and 80 mg/l. Good phosphorus removal, even using special adsorption or precipitation materials, was difficult to achieve and large variations occurred. The median effluent concentration of total phosphorus in the most successful sand filter application was less than 0.1 mg/l and other sand filters and SBRs had the median concentrations varying from 1.7 to 6.7 mg/l. These results are based on one year in situ monitoring of 2 conventional buried sand filters, 6 sand filter applications with special phosphorus adsorbing media within the filter bed, 5 sand filters with separate tertiary phosphorus filtration and 11 small SBRs of three different types. The study was carried out in southern Finland during 2003-05. The whole project included monitoring of more than 60 plants of 20 different treatment types or methods, used in normal conditions to treat domestic wastewater. Evaluation of the different systems was made by comparing the measured effluent concentrations. In addition the effluent concentrations were compared to the discharge limits calculated according to the new Finnish regulation.     

空气曝气与纯氧曝气生物滤池应用于污水深度处理的研究

采用两种不同气源的曝气生物滤池对污水处理厂二级出水进行深度处理中试研究.结果表明,空气曝气和纯氧曝气生物滤池对COD_(Mn)的去除率相近,分别为30.5%和30.9%;以纯氧为气源的生物滤池硝化能力远强于空气曝气生物滤池,氨氮总去除率77.4%,出水氨氮为2.1～6.3 mg/L;纯氧曝气提高了滤池上部氨氮去除效果,维持滤池内溶解氧在6 mg/L以上,沿水流方向使pH逐渐下降.纯氧曝气生物滤池是污水深度处理中去除氨氮的有效工艺.     

Pathogen removal efficiency from UASB + BF effluent using conventional and UV post-treatment systems.

The aim of this study was to verify the efficiency of removal of microorganisms in effluents of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) comprising an association of a UASB reactor followed by three submerged aerated biofilters (BAF) and one tertiary filter. The WWTP designed to treat domestic wastewater from a population of 1,000 inhabitants showed high removal efficiency for organic matter and suspended solids. Helminth eggs were also efficiently removed from the tertiary effluent and were found in the sludge from the UASB reactor; however, removal of bacteria in this system was very low. To enhance the efficiency of the system, the effluent from tertiary filters was submitted to UV disinfection in a real scale reactor. Our results showed that UV irradiation was very effective at lowering the concentrations of E. coli, thermotolerant coliforms and coliphages to acceptable levels for agricultural reuse. Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs were seeded into the tertiary effluent before passing through the UV reactor. Salmonella was not found in the final effluent, but helminth eggs were not completely inactivated by UV irradiation and viable eggs were detected after 28 d of incubation.     

Estimation and modeling of direct rapid sand filtration for total fecal coliform removal from secondary clarifier effluents

The filtration of fecal coliform from a secondary clarifier effluent was investigated using direct rapid sand filters as tertiary wastewater treatment on a pilot scale. The effect of the flocculation dose, flow loading rate, and grain size on fecal coliform removal was determined. Direct rapid sand filters can remove 0.6-1.5 log-units of fecal coliform, depending on the loading rate and grain size distribution. Meanwhile, the flocculation dose has little effect on coliform removal, and increasing the loading rate and/or grain size decreases the bacteria removal efficiency. A model was then developed for the removal process. Bacteria elimination and inactivation both in the water phase and the sand bed can be described by first-order kinetics. Removal was successfully simulated at different loading rates and grain size distributions and compared with the data obtained using pilot-scale filters.     

影响澄清池出水水质的原因及解决措施

黑龙江亚电鑫宝热电有限公司的化学水处理是以嫩江水为水源，2004年以前，澄清池出水经常不合格，在洪水期几乎每年都出现澄清池出水水质严重恶化的现象。经过长时间的试验，深入分析了不同时期影响澄清池出水的原因，提出了具体的解决措施后，彻底解决了澄清池出水水质不合格这一难题。     

Possibility of sewage and combined sewer overflow reuse with biological aerated filters.

The secondary effluent from municipal plants in Korea generally represents higher BOD with lower SS. Therefore, more soluble forms of organics and NH4-N need to be removed to improve its effluent for reuse. In this study reuse possibility of secondary effluent and CSO (combined sewer overflow) using BAF (biological aerated filter) was evaluated. The tertiary application with 1.2 h EBCT, SS, BOD and COD showed stable concentrations less than 1.3, 1.3 and 6.2 mg/L, respectively. Nitrogen could be nitrified even at 7 degrees suggesting BAF can be used for a water reuse method as well as an effective add-on facility in cold regions. However, BAF was not stable with CSO application at increased flow rates suggesting CSO must be equalised prior to application. Disinfection was necessary even during normal weather conditions.     

Nitrogen removal in multi-stage wastewater treatment plants by using a modified post-denitrification system

Systems in which denitrification follows nitrification (post-denitrification) copy the natural sequence of nitrogen removal. The disadvantage of post-denitrification, however, is that an external carbon source must be added to the denitrification reactor. In the concept discussed in this paper, excess sludge from a high loaded activated sludge plant is used as carbon source and as source of denitrifiers in a three-stage system. The sludge is fed into a anoxic reactor placed in between the nitrification reactor (e.g., trickling filter) and the final clarifier. Two different operation methods were investigated at a pilot-scale system set up at the Ingolstadt wastewater treatment plant Low nitrate effluent values were obtained at high sludge feeding rates, but at the expense of a significant increase in turbidity and NH4-N effluent concentrations. This problem could be solved by a reduction of the sludge feeding rate and by applying intermittent feeding. The effluent turbidity was kept at an acceptable level, but denitrification was relatively slow in progress. To achieve both low effluent turbidity and low nitrate discharge, a combination of pre- and post-denitrification is recommended.