心脏MR评价肥厚型心肌病左心房功能的应用研究

目的 探讨心脏MR在肥厚型心肌病的左心房功能评估中的价值,分析肥厚型心肌病的左心房功能的变化特点.方法 回顾性分析29例肥厚型心肌病患者的心脏MR资料,获取临床常规的二腔心、三腔心以及四腔心电影序列图像,使用心脏分析软件Report-Card 4.0测量左心房的内径、容积,评价左心房的收缩功能.收集30例正常志愿者作为对照,比较肥厚型心肌病组与正常组之间的左心房内径、容量以及功能的差异.结果 29例肥厚型心肌病左心房二腔心长径、四腔心长径、三腔心前后径较对照组增大[分别为（62.55±8.19）mm和（44.35±6.34）mm,t=9.565;（70.10±12.05）mm和（53.95±6.96）mm,t=6.332;（41.37±8.99）mm和（28.89±4.36）mm,t=6.819）],左心房二腔心面积、四腔心面积、三腔心面积较对照组增大[（分别为（2698.24±749.16）mm^2和（1634.41±294.67）mm^2,t=7.298;（3077.50±863.77）mm^2和（1909.23±323.86）mm^2,t=6.925;（2622.14±720.42）mm^2和（1633.63±281.41）mm^2,t=7.269）],左心房最大容积、最小容积、左房收缩前容积较对照组增大[（分别为（116.62±49.34）ml和（60.08±13.18）ml,t =6.058;（70.38±42.22）ml和（22.06±7.90）ml,t=6.161;（96.37±44.42）ml和（38.96±12.09）ml,t=6.825）],左心房射血分数、被动射血分数、主动射血分数较较正常组减小[（分别为（41.53±11.70）％和（63.61±9.56）％,t=-7.952;（17.55±9.48）％和（50.41±15.13）％,t=-9.958;（28.94±12.54）％和（43.20±12.78）％,t=-4.324）,两组之间的差异均有统计学意义（P值均小于0.05）.结论 利用心脏MR中临床常规的二、三、四腔心电影序列,对肥厚型心肌病患者的左心房功能进行定量评估发现,肥厚型心肌病患者不仅表现为心房增大,其心房的收缩功能也明显减退.     

二维斑点追踪显像评价原发性高血压患者早期左心房功能

目的应用二维斑点追踪显像(STI)技术评价原发性高血压(EH)患者早期左心房功能的变化。资料与方法选取60例左心室正常构型(LVN)的EH患者,按照左心房内径指数(LAI)分为无左心房扩大(NLAE)组30例和左心房扩大(LAE)组30例,以30例健康人为对照组,记录并储存左心室心尖位四腔观、三腔观、二腔观及左心室长轴观水平的二维图像,留取图像进行脱机分析,分别用STI技术获取左心房前壁、后壁、侧壁、下壁、房间隔的收缩期、舒张早期和舒张晚期的峰值应变率(Ssr、Esr、Asr),计算其平均值(mSRs、mSRe、mSRa)。应用二维Simpson法计算左心房最大容积(LAVmax)、左心房最小容积(LAVmin)、左心房收缩前容积(LAVp)、左心房被动射血分数(LAPEF)和左心房主动射血分数(LAAEF)。结果与对照组比较,NLAE组和LAE组左心房各壁峰值应变率Ssr、Esr降低,Asr明显升高(P<0.05)。对照组各壁Ssr、Esr及Asr心底段应变率均低于基底段(P<0.05),NLAE组及LAE组部分节段与基段相比无明显变化(P>0.05)。LAE组mSRa与LAAEF呈显著正相关(r=0.735,P=0.000)。结论原发性高血压患者早期左心房舒缩运动规律减弱或消失,左心房辅泵功能代偿性增高。     

实时全容积三维超声心动图评价肥厚型心肌病左房容积和功能

目的运用实时全容积三维超声心动图评价肥厚型心肌病(HCM)患者左心房容积及其功能特点,探讨与呼吸困难症状有关的指标。资料与方法选择31例HCM患者和25例健康志愿者进行常规及三维超声检测,利用左心房M型、二维及实时全容积三维图像测定左心舒张末容积(LAV-max)、收缩末容积(LAV-min)、主动收缩前容积(LAV-prep),计算左心房射血分数(LAEF)及左心房主动射血分数(LAEF-a)。比较健康对照组和病例组以及有、无症状组患者的左心房各参数。结果病例组与健康对照组年龄、性别比、体表面积比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组LAV-max[(68.11±29.79)ml、(33.07±10.66)ml,P<0.05]、LAV-prep[(53.13±27.49)ml(、21.67±7.10)ml,P<0.05]、左心房射血量(LA-SVa)[(16.12±11.14)ml、(8.07±3.75)ml,P<0.05]和LAEF[(47.58±14.00)%、(58.34±10.93)%,P<0.05)差异均有统计学意义。16例存在活动后呼吸困难,有症状组和无症状组间LAV-prep[(64.09±31.61)、(42.72±16.63)ml,P<0.05)、LA-SVa([20.74±12.75)(、11.20±6.43)ml,P<0.05]差异有统计学意义。结论实时全容积三维超声心动图通过测定HCM患者左心房容积和射血功能,表明HCM左心房容积的增加程度远大于内径改变,而其整体收缩功能及主动排空功能均下降,有呼吸困难症状的HCM患者LAV-prep、LA-SVa升高提示左心舒张功能下降严重。     

心脏MRI评估法洛四联症和肺动脉瓣狭窄术后患儿左心房功能的价值

目的探讨心脏MRI评估法洛四联症(TOF)和肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)术后患儿左心房功能的价值。方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年10月于上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心接受心脏MRI的左心室射血分数保留的TOF和PS术后患者67例, 其中TOF术后组49例、PS术后组18例。2017年7月至2018年8月间收集与患儿性别、年龄匹配的正常志愿者33例为对照组。基于心脏MRI图像, 采用心功能分析软件获得左心房功能参数, 包括储存期、管道期、收缩期的射血分数、应变、应变率;测量左心房容积指数, 包括左心房最大容积指数、最小容积指数及收缩前容积指数。采用单因素方差分析或Kruskal-Wallis检验比较3组间的差异, 两两比较采用事后比较及Bonferroni校正。结果与对照组比较, TOF术后患儿的储存期射血分数、储存期应变、储存期应变率、管道期射血分数、管道期应变和左心房最大容积指数均下降(P<0.05), 收缩期射血分数升高(P>0.05)。与对照组比较, PS术后组仅储存期应变率下降(P<0.05), 余左心房功能参数和容积指数差异均无统计学意义(P>...     

实时三维超声心动图评价肺动脉高压患者右心室收缩功能

目的 运用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评价肺动脉高压患者右心室收缩功能.资料与方法 97例肺动脉高压患者按照肺动脉收缩压分为3组:轻度组30例,中度组35例,重度组32例;选取31名正常成人作为对照.采用RT-3DE检测受试者右心室整体及三节段的舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积、搏出量和射血分数.结果 中、重度组右心室整体收缩末期容积明显大于正常组及轻度组(P＜ 0.05或P＜0.01),右心室射血分数明显低于正常组及轻度组(P＜0.01).三节段研究显示:重度组右心室流入道的收缩末期容积明显大于正常组(P＜0.05)及轻度组(P＜0.01),中度组收缩末期容积大于轻度组(P＜0.05);中、重度组的右心室射血分数均明显低于正常组及轻度组(P＜0.01);小梁部舒张末期容积以中度组增大最为明显(P＜0.05),中、重度组收缩末期容积明显增大(P＜0.05),搏出量和射血分数各组间均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).右心室流出道的右心室收缩功能参数各组间均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 中度以上的肺动脉高压患者存在右心室整体及流入道收缩功能损害.     

高血压病左心房相位容积功能的电影MRI评价

目的　评价电影MRI对高血压病 (EH)左心房相位容积功能测量的价值。方法　应用梯度回波电影程序对 3 0例健康志愿者和 3 0例EH患者进行左室及左房成像。应用多普勒超声频谱测量二尖瓣血流的流速时间积分 (VTI)。对两种方法的相应指标进行相关性分析。结果　EH患者左房最大容积、最小容积、收缩前容积、收缩排血量、射血分数和左房对左室充盈作用的比率(AC % )明显增高。左房储备容积降低而其占总功能容积的比例无显著差异。左房导流容积及其占总功能容积的比例明显降低。电影MRI测定的AC %与多普勒方法测定的VTIA VTItotal %间具有显著的直线相关性。结论　梯度回波电影MRI为EH左房相位容积功能提供了一种准确的测量手段 ,它可用于EH的检查和随访。     

彩色多普勒评价射心通胶囊对急性心肌梗死患者左室重构的影响

目的:探讨运用彩色多普勒超声评价射心通胶囊对急性心肌梗死患者左室重构的影响。方法:58例急性心肌梗死患者分为射心通组和培哚普利组,各29例,除常规西医治疗外,射心通组以射心通胶囊治疗3月,培哚普利组以培哚普利治疗3月。治疗前后均运用彩色多普勒测量左室舒张末期内径(LVIDd)、收缩末期内径(LVIDs)、左室舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)和左室射血分数(EF)并进行比较。结果:两组患者LVIDd、LVIDs、EDV、ESV和EF用药前后均有明显改变(P<0.05),组间疗效比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒对射心通胶囊抑制急性心肌梗死后左室重构有较好的评价作用。     

心腔内超声评价心脏结构和左室收缩功能的实验研究

目的:研究心腔内超声探查心脏结构和评价左室收缩功能的方法。方法:AcuNav心腔内超声导管置于健康犬右房、右室,二维图像显示左右心腔、心瓣膜、肺静脉、冠状动脉、主动脉、肺动脉等结构,彩色及频谱多普勒记录血流状况。开胸制作犬急性心肌缺血再灌注模型,观察室壁运动和左室射血分数改变。结果:所有目标结构及血流均获得清晰显示,未发生导管相关的严重并发症。心腔内超声示心肌缺血再灌注过程中前壁厚度、增厚率、左室射血分数动态改变。结论:心腔内超声可安全、清晰地显示心脏结构和血流状态,并评价左室收缩功能。     

应用心血管磁共振成像评估中国男子篮球运动员左心房容积和功能

目的：应用心血管磁共振成像（CMR）评估中国男子篮球运动员左心房的容积和功能,为科学训练和医学监督提供参考依据。方法：纳入20名中国男子篮球运动员（年龄20.5±1.5岁,技术等级为国家二级运动员）为研究组,选取15名无运动习惯者为对照组（年龄21.6±2.8岁）。所有被检者行CMR扫描获得电影序列,由2名医师独立应用心血管分析软件测量心脏容积和功能,应用CMR特征追踪（CMR feature tracking,CMR-FT）技术测量左心房应变和应变率等参数,两组间对比采用独立样本t检验。结果：与对照组相比,篮球运动员的左、右心室舒张末期容积指数（LVEDVI、RVEDVI）和左心室质量指数（LVMI）明显增大（P<0.05）,左、右心室射血分数（LVEF、RVEF）减低（P<0.05）,左心房的最大容积指数（LAVImax）、最小容积指数（LAVImin）增大（P<0.05）。在左心房功能方面,左心房的总射血分数（LATEF）、被动射血分数（LAPEF）和主动射血分数（LAAEF）在两组间的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。篮球运动员的左心房总应变（εs）、被...     

MRI对慢性高原病患者心脏结构和功能的评价研究

目的探讨心脏磁共振成像(CMRI)对慢性高原病(CMS)患者在心脏结构及功能方面的应用价值。方法选取分析30例CMS患者的CMRI影像学资料,另选取30例健康正常志愿者作为对照组。测定心脏结构参数:前室间隔厚度、左心室舒张末期内径、左心房内径、主动脉根部内径、主肺动脉内径、右心室流出道宽径、右心房横径、右心房长径、右心室横径、右心室长径;另测定左、右心室心功能参数:舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、每搏输出量(SV)、射血分数(EF)和右心室心肌质量(RVMM),对两组参数进行对比分析。结果在心脏结构方面,CMS组前室间隔厚度、主肺动脉内径、右心室流出道宽径、右心房长径和右心室长径显著对照组(P 0.05);在左、右心功能方面,CMS组RVMM明显对照组(P 0.05),RVSV和RVEF明显对照组(P 0.05)。结论 CMRI可准确评价CMS患者心脏结构及功能,CMS患者以右心结构及功能改变为主。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.