IGM弧焊机器人大型工作站仿真系统设计

针对第一代示教再现型弧焊机器人自动化焊接的现状,自主开发了通用型IGM弧焊机器人大型工作站离线编程系统,介绍了系统总体设计及类之间关系.机器人焊接过程三维仿真是离线编程的图形平台,提出了一种新的开发方式实现三维图形仿真系统,即自主开发基于C/S结构的包含OLE(对象连接与嵌入)项的机器工作站离线编程系统,通过COM(组件对象模型)接口实现焊接工件三维图形及几何拓扑信息的无缝集成.在VC 开发环境下,使用OpenGL图形开发工具,基于面向对象的编程自主开发了三自由度龙门机架、六自由度关节型弧焊机器人和两自由度变位机的三维造型及焊接过程图形仿真系统.     

焊接自动线和焊接机器人

基于UG的弧焊机器人离线编程系统的设备建模;弧焊机器人熔化及气体保护焊熔池视觉自适应检测;解放载货车焊装线上的焊接机器人;基于UG的弧焊机器人运动仿真的研究;CO2焊接工艺参数优化的人工神经网络设计     

焊接自动线和焊接机器人

基于UG的弧焊机器人离线编程系统的设备建模;弧焊机器人熔化及气体保护焊熔池视觉自适应检测;解放载货车焊装线上的焊接机器人;基于UG的弧焊机器人运动仿真的研究;CO2焊接工艺参数优化的人工神经网络设计     

机器人操作臂离线编程仿真系统

简述了离线编程仿真系统相对传统示教编程的优势,提出了基于OpenGL与QT的机器人操作臂离线编程仿真系统,建立机器人操作臂及工件的三维模型并实现了机械臂的运动学动态仿真。设计开发了离线编程仿真系统各功能模块,包括机器人语言编程模块(编程语言及其翻译器)、运动规划模块、机器人运动仿真模块、模型管理及辅助模块等。最后给出了仿真系统对机器人搬运工件的应用实例。     

用于机器人离线编程的作业标定算法

随着机器人焊接离线编程技术的应用与发展 ,机器人标定作为离线编程实用化的关键技术之一 ,得到越来越多的研究人员的重视。从离线编程系统实用化的角度出发 ,针对机器人离线规划时实现实际作业对象与离线仿真环境中的模型对象的调整与匹配问题进行了研究。并根据作业对象模型特征 ,分别通过工件标定和路径标定两种途径实现。详细进行了这两类标定算法的研究 ,提出了正交平面工件标定、圆形基准四点工件标定和辅助特征点三点标定三种工件标定方法和采用最小二乘拟合算法的路径标定算法。从而可以针对工件特点 ,比较全面地解决机器人离线编程系统应用过程中作业标定问题     

弧焊机器人离线编程与仿真技术的研究现状及发展趋势

根据中国弧焊机器人的应用情况和发展需要,传统的工业机器人在线示教已经不能满足生产需求,弧焊离线编程与仿真技术越来越受到生产厂家的重视.文中在分析弧焊机器人离线编程与仿真技术的特点基础上,详细阐述了焊接机器人离线编程与仿真技术目前在国内外相关领域的研究现状.特征建模、对工件和机器人工作单元的标定、自动编程技术等是弧焊机器人离线编程与仿真的核心技术,稳定高效的标定算法和传感器集成是机器人弧焊离线编程系统实用化的关键技术.     

弧焊机器人MOTOMAN—UP20离线编程系统

弧焊机器人离线编程系统(Offline-Programming system for Arc Welding Robot)是目前机器人研究领域最活跃、最前沿的研究方向.介绍了国内外弧焊机器人离线编程系统的发展现状和发展趋势.以Motoman-UP20弧焊机器人为例,集成了机器人通信模块MOTOCOM32和运动学仿真模块ROTSY并同步导入马鞍形工件,不仅能单步生成作业指令,且可自动生成作业程序,并对焊接过程进行了离线仿真试验,验证该系统切实可行.此外介绍了弧焊机器人离线编程系统的构成.     

弧焊离线编程系统中计算机辅助编程技术

从为实现离线编程系统中计算机自动编程目标出发,对焊接工件特征建模、焊接参数规划技术进行了研究.研究了综合特征识别、特征定义与特征设计的焊接工件特征建模技术,并在SolidWorks之上开发了焊接工件特征建模器.采用基于事例推理和人工神经网络等人工智能技术,开发了用于机器人弧焊的焊接参数过程规划器.     

机器人三维可视化离线编程和仿真系统

提出了一种基于PC的交互式三维可视化离线编程和动态仿真系统。利用目前流行的PC机和Windows操作系统所支持的OpenGL三维图形功能,在系统中实现了焊接机器人及其工件的三维几何建模和机器人运动学建模,并研究了机器人运动轨迹的自动规划和编程以及它的图形化三维动态仿真。采用交互式三维“虚拟示教”方式实现了机器人单道焊焊接路径的规划和编程,对多层多道焊,则通过采用“宏”技术实现机器人焊接运动轨迹的自动规划和编程,通过图形化三维动态仿真实现了对机器人程序及运动轨迹的可靠性和安全性验证。离线编制的程序在向机器人控制系统传送的过程中实现了向机器人语言的自动转换,从而使机器人离线编程的实用性得到大大提高。     

基于手眼立体视觉的弧焊机器人平面工件定位系统

在工业生产中应用的焊接机器人都是示教再现式的机器人，在批量生产时这种机器人要求每次工件定位必须一致，否则需要重新示教；带有离线编程系统的机器人同样存在工件定位问题，如果工件定位不准，焊接机器人无法按原离线编程系统生成的路径完成焊接。作者针对平面工件开发了一套基于手眼立体视觉的弧焊机器人工件定位系统，首先对摄像机的内外参数和机器人手眼关系进行标定；然后控制机器人运动，使安装在机器人末端的摄像机在两个不同的位置取像；最后通过图像处理和立体视觉的方法来计算出平面工件在机器人基坐标系中的三维信息。试验表明该系统获取的工件定位信息精确。该系统为焊接机器人自主焊接奠定基础。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.