太湖流域直湖港支流龙延河水系鱼类集群现状

分别于2009年8月和2010年5月对直湖港支流龙延河水系的鱼类集群现状及其影响因素进行研究.结果表明,研究区域有多种鱼类存在,共采集到31种,隶属于5目9科22属;春、夏两季鱼类集群的种类数没有明显差异,但春季的鱼类多度和生物量均显著高于夏季;主干支流、次级支流和支流末端等不同区位的鱼类组成也有一定差异;水体透明度、...     

Population traits of invasive bleak Alburnus alburnus between different habitats in Iberian fresh waters

The bleak Alburnus alburnus (L.) is a cyprinid native to most of Europe, mainly inhabiting lentic environments. This fish species is a successful invader in the Iberian Peninsula, where it was first introduced to reservoirs as forage fish during the 1990s. Bleaks threaten the highly endemic Iberian fish fauna by means of trophic competition and hybridization. Yet, little is known about the environmental biology of bleaks in the Iberian Peninsula, particularly far from impounded waters. Thus, the aim of this work was to compare seasonal and gender variation of size structure, body condition and reproductive investment of bleaks between different habitats. Only sexually mature bleaks were seasonally collected and examined from the River Gévora and the Sierra Brava Reservoir (southwestern Spain) to assess more in-depth the adaptive capacity at the population level and the subsequent invasiveness. Bleak was an abundant species in the fish assemblages of both habitat types (i.e. river and reservoir). The proportion of smaller mature bleaks was lower in the river than the reservoir during spring and the opposite pattern was observed during winter. Both male and females were larger in the river during the breeding season in the study areas (i.e. spring), as well as with higher body condition and reproductive investment. These findings suggest that bleaks enhance their reproduction rate in the river to compensate for higher mortality in this habitat, where environmental conditions may be harsher due to the winter floods and summer droughts typical of Mediterranean water courses. Overall results highlight the high degree of plasticity in population traits of the bleak in the Iberian Peninsula, which will surely aid its ability to adapt to a wide variety of Mediterranean ecosystems, including lentic and lotic environments. Consequently, this invasive fish may pose a serious risk for the highly valuable fauna of Mediterranean Europe.     

低头坝养鱼对上下游局域栖息地和鱼类群落时空格局的影响

河流鱼类的群落特征会随栖息地环境的变化而发生变化.为了解鱼类群落对低头坝养鱼的响应程度,2013—2014年共6次调查了乌龙河(长江下游支流)两个可涉水河段样点(上游坝和下游坝)的环境因子、鱼类多样性及其群落结构.共采集到5目10科21属24种鱼类,以鲤形目鲤科最多,占总数的58.3%.通过解析时空动态变化与局域栖息地条件对鱼类群落的影响,发现季节因素对鱼类群落结构无显著影响,而鱼类群落所在空间位置(上游坝,下游坝)对群落结构差异具有较显著影响,其中上游中华鳑鲏(Rhodeus sinensis)、(Hemiculter leucisculus)、棒花鱼(Abbottina rivularis)、大鳍鱊(Acheilognathus macropterus),下游食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)的多度决定了这种差异;而3个栖息地变量(溶解氧浓度、电导率和流速)均对鱼类群落特征具有显著性影响.栖息地环境差异对河流上、下游鱼类群落的影响较大,具体体现在下游样点鱼类的捕获重量、捕获数量、密度、多样性明显下降,推测利用低头坝养鱼是造成这些现象的重要原因.     

金沙江下游支流黑水河松新电站幼鱼下行过坝研究

梯级小水电的开发一定程度上破坏了河流连通性并阻碍了鱼类洄游通道。黑水河流域松新坝址为了满足鱼类上行产卵修建了松新鱼道,然而作为洄游物种生命周期中的关键行为,鱼类下行洄游的需求也同等重要。为了寻求一种可行、高效、低损伤的下行过鱼方式,了解河流中不同环境因素对鱼类下行效率的影响,本研究在金沙江下游支流黑水河松新水电站补水通道开展鱼类下行过坝效果评估研究。针对两种鲤科鱼类(棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis和短须裂腹鱼Schizothorax wangchiachii)幼鱼和两种鳅科鱼类(短体副鳅Paracobitis potanini和红尾副鳅Paracobitis variegatus)幼鱼各放鱼90尾,定量分析鱼种、水体透明度、放鱼位置、流量、水温、水位等因素对鱼类下行效率的影响。结果表明:棒花鱼、短须裂腹鱼、短体副鳅、红尾副鳅的下行率依次为22.22%(20尾)、28.89%(26尾)、8.89%(8尾)、15.56%(14尾);幼鱼下行成功率与上游河道水温呈正相关趋势,且放鱼位置、鱼种、上游河道水温和流量均对鱼类下行成功率有显著影响。通过构建二元Logistic回归模型识...     

产卵迁徙对金沙江黑水河下游鱼类群聚结构变动的影响

鱼类作为河流生物的重要组成部分,其在干支流之间的迁徙或移动不仅是常见的,而且通常与鱼类的繁殖活动相联系.金沙江下游支流作为金沙江下游河流网络的重要组成部分,分布有较为丰富的集合生境以及较高的鱼类物种多样性.研究鱼类在金沙江下游干支流的产卵迁徙对支流鱼类群聚结构变动的影响以及支流生境维持对区域鱼类种群维系的意义,对金沙江下游干支流鱼类的保护具有重要的意义.本文拟选择黑水河下游江段作为典型研究区域,通过2014年在该区域的逐月渔获物调查,采用聚类分析、基于距离的线性模型以及基于距离的冗余分析等多种多元分析方法,确定黑水河下游群聚结构的逐月变动是否严重依赖于鱼类在干支流之间的产卵迁徙以及黑水河下游自然生境的维持对区域鱼类种群的维系是否具有重要的意义.结果表明:黑水河下游鱼类群聚结构在金沙江雨季和旱季显著分离的同时,表征这种分离的8种指示种的性成熟个体丰度也在雨季和旱季间发生不同程度的变动.7种指示种鱼类性成熟个体丰度的变动能够解释黑水河下游鱼类群聚结构变动77.20%的变异,其中齐口裂腹鱼、大鳞副泥鳅和犁头鳅性成熟个体丰度的变动是影响黑水河下游鱼类群聚结构变动的3个最显著的因素,7种指示种鱼类在干支流的产卵迁徙对黑水河下游鱼类群聚结构的变动造成了明显的影响.研究表明:在金沙江干支流严重水电开发背景下,维持黑水河现有的自然生境面积对区域鱼类种群的维持具有重要意义.为实行上述目标,建议在白鹤滩水电站蓄水运行后,拆除黑水河的部分小型水坝,并采取其他河流再自然化措施以维持黑水河现有的自然生境面积.     

太湖流域河流鱼类群落的时空分布

确定河流鱼类群落的时空分布格局及其形成机制是开展鱼类物种多样性保护与管理的科学基础.基于2013年10月和2014年5月共2次对太湖流域57个河道样点的调查数据,初步研究太湖流域河流鱼类群落结构及其多样性的季节动态和空间分布特点.共采集鱼类5051尾,计46种,其中鲤科鱼类26种,占全部物种数的57%.10月份的鱼类多样性显著高于5月份,且2个季度的鱼类群落结构存在显著性差异.5个主要水系间的鱼类多样性差异显著,总体上,沿江水系和洮滆水系鱼类多样性较低,黄浦江水系居中,而南河水系和苕溪水系较高;鱼类群落结构也随水系而显著变化,主要表现为黄浦江水系与洮滆、苕溪和沿江水系呈显著差异.在2个一级生态分区之间,鱼类多样性无显著差异但群落结构显著不同,主要因、鲫、似鳊等优势种及宽鳍鱲、尖头鱥、中华青鳉、食蚊鱼等偶见种的空间分布差异所引起;在4个二级生态分区之间,鱼类多样性和群落结构均存在显著的空间变化.     

The ichthyoplankton assemblage and the environmental variables off the NW and N Iberian Peninsula coasts,in early spring

Ichthyoplankton and mesozooplankton were sampled and fluorescence and physical environmental variables were measured off the NW and N Iberian Peninsula coasts, during April 2005. A total of 51 species of fish larvae, belonging to 26 families, were recorded. Sardina pilchardus, with 43.8% and 58.7% of the total fish egg and larval catches, respectively, dominated the ichthyoplankton assemblage. The study area was divided by a cross-shelf frontal structure into two hydrographic regions that coincided with the Atlantic and Cantabrian geographic regions. Ichthyoplankton abundance was higher in the Cantabrian region while larval diversity was higher in the Atlantic region. This was the main alongshore variability in the structure of the larval fish assemblage. Nevertheless, the stronger variability, related with the presence of a shelf-slope front, was found in the central-eastern Cantabrian region where two major larval fish assemblages, an “outer” and a “coastal”, were distinguished. The Atlantic region, where the shelf-slope front was not found, was inhabited by a single larval fish assemblage. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that, off the NW and N Iberian Peninsula coasts, the horizontal distribution of larval fish species in early spring may be explained by a limited number of environmental variables. Of these, the most important were the physical variables depth and sea surface temperature.     

A fish-based typology of small temperate rivers in the northeastern lowlands of Germany

Fish assemblage data from 69 brooks and small streams were analysed to derive a fish-based typology of small lowland streams in the “Central Plains” ecoregion of northeastern Germany. Altogether 32 native, 1 non-native fish species and 2 lamprey species were detected in the lowland rivers studied. Species number and diversity varied significantly according to mean summer water temperatures and size of the watercourses. Summer-cold brooks contained on average 3-5 species, brooks with higher summer temperatures 5-8 species and small lowland rivers around 10-14 species. Small lowland brooks contained a significantly higher number of fish species when they flowed into or out of lakes: typically around 8-12.In the northeastern German lowlands the following three different river types were distinguished according to their fish assemblages: (1) The “lowland trout brook”, where brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) are reference species and accompanied by stone loach (Barbatula barbatula (L.)), brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri (Bloch)), three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.), ten-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius (L.)) and gudgeon (Gobio gobio (L.)); (2) The “perch- and roach-dominated lowland brook”, where perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and roach (Rutilus rutilus (L.)) are reference species, accompanied by pike (Esox lucius L.), three-spined stickleback and gudgeon; and (3) The “lowland lake connected brook” inhabited by higher numbers of fish species, with higher proportions of cyprinid fishes, and higher proportions of limnophilic fish. Apart from perch and roach, bleak (Alburnus alburnus (L.)), common bream (Abramis brama (L.)), silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna (L.)) and rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.)) also occurred frequently.Further two observed fish-based types were not considered: The potential stone loach-dominated brook was not sufficiently represented in this study to be verified, and the stickleback brook was considered to represent degradation of lowland trout brooks.The correspondence between the fish-based typology and the morphology-based German stream typology was rather weak and requires further investigation.     

Influence of cage farming and environmental parameters on spatio-temporal variability of fish assemblage structure in a tropical reservoir of Peninsular India

Fish assemblage structure in Palair reservoir, a medium tropical reservoir along the river Paleru, a tributary of river Krishna in Southern India, was studied along the spatial gradient of the impoundment. The abundance and assemblage structure of wild fish aggregated around the fish cage units installed in the reservoir were assessed and compared with other sites. Seasonal sampling was carried out and fish community structure in terms of species composition and abundance, trophic guild, niche, tolerance, resilience and conservation status were analyzed. A total of 38 fish species were recorded wherein the family Cyprinidae dominated in the number of species (15) followed by Cichlidae and Channidae (3 each). Margalef richness index (d), Pielou’s evenness index (J’), Simpson’s index (1-λ) and Shannon index (H’) revealed significant variation across different zones. Species richness was maximum in the Site1 (d = 4.44–5.12), whereas the abundance of individuals was maximum at Site4 (H’ = 2.65–2.86) i.e. near cage in the lacustrine zone. The important species contributing to the dissimilarities among the zones were identified and percentage of their contribution was estimated using SIMPER analysis. Trophic guild of fishes indicated the dominance of omnivorous species followed by carnivores, indicating the heterotrophic phase of the reservoir. The spatial and seasonal variations in the fish assemblage structure were tested applying statistical analyses such as PERMANOVA and nMDS. The results indicated a positive impact of cage farming in supporting the wild fish fauna, influencing the large aggregations of fishes around the cages. The temporal variability in the cage-associated fish assemblage was related to recruitment periods of juveniles (e.g. E. maculates and E. suratensis in summer, and S. seenghala in monsoon seasons). The links between fish assemblages and environmental parameters were explored through DISTILM and the deterministic factors for fish abundance in the reservoir were phosphate, pH, dissolved Oxygen, total hardness and depth. The study also indicated the impacts of cage culture with record of accidental escapes of farmed fish to the reservoir system. The baseline information generated and recommendations formulated in the study are crucial for the conservation of fish diversity, fisheries enhancement and management planning of tropical peninsular reservoirs.     

黄河伊洛河中下游鱼类多样性及群落结构

为了解伊洛河中下游鱼类多样性、群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,于2016年2-12月对伊洛河中下游5个河段开展鱼类多样性及环境调查.共采集鱼类12361尾,43种,隶属于4目9科37属.伊洛河中下游鱼类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson指数变化范围分别为1.75~2.38、2.44~3.63、0.59~0.76和0.73~0.86.各指数均以西草甸河段最高.各河段优势种以（Hemiculter leucisculus）、似鳊（Pseudobrama simoni）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、兴凯鱊（Acheilognathus chankaensis）和鳑鲏属（Rhodeus）等小型或广适性鱼类为主.丰度/生物量比较（ABC）曲线显示,除西草甸河段外,各河段优势鱼类群落均受到不同程度的干扰.其中七里铺和黑石关鱼类群落处于严重干扰状态,以小型鱼类或大型鱼类的幼鱼为主.采用冗余分析方法分析了鱼类群落结构与环境因子的关系,发现除了河床、水流、捕捞等因子以外,氨氮、总磷浓度与pH是导致伊洛河中下游鱼类群落结构差异的主要影响因子.针对伊洛河鱼类多样性现状,建议加强流域水质监管,恢复河流连通性,推进保护区全面禁渔,开展生态修复等以恢复伊洛河河流健康.     

三峡水库香溪河鱼类群落结构特征及历史变化

由于自然和人为因素的影响,三峡水库鱼类资源一直在发生变化,为掌握三峡水库蓄水后典型支流香溪河鱼类群落的现状及历史变化,于2020年7月—2021年4月使用多网目复合刺网和地笼对香溪河鱼类群落进行实地采样,并结合历史数据进行比较分析。研究期间共采集到鱼类55种,隶属于7目14科,鲤科鱼类种类数最多,以杂食性鱼类和湖泊定居性鱼类为主,优势种为贝氏?(Hemiculter bleekeri)、短颌鲚(Coilia bratchygnahus)、似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)和翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus),其相对重要性指数(IRI)分别为5502、3828、2567和1109。鱼类物种多样性指数在春季最高,夏季最低。刺网单位捕捞努力量渔获个体数和单位捕捞努力量渔获量在夏季最高,冬季最低。与三峡水库蓄水前相比,香溪河鱼类中长江上游特有鱼类减少4种,外来鱼类增加3种。湖泊定居性种类持续增加,喜流水性种类减少,鱼类优势种发生较大变动。2020—2021年香溪河鱼类组成与1987年的相似性指数为0.29,与2012—2013年的相似性指数为0.53,反映三峡水库蓄水前后香溪河...     

Modelling basin-scale distribution of fish occurrence probability for assessment of flow and habitat conditions in rivers

Abstract

Flow regimes play an important role in sustaining biodiversity in river ecosystems. However, the effects of flow regimes on riverine fish have not been clearly described. Therefore, we propose a new methodology to quantitatively link habitat conditions (such as flow indices and physical habitat conditions) to the occurrence probability (OP) of fish species. We developed a basin-scale fish distribution model by integrating the concept of habitat suitability assessment with a distributed hydrological model in order to estimate the OP of fish, with particular attention to flow regime. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the relationship between the probabilities of fish occurrence and major environmental factors in river sections. A geomorphology-based hydrological model was adopted to simulate river discharge, which was used to calculate 10 flow indices. The occurrence probabilities of 50 fish species in the Sagami River in Japan were modelled. For the prediction accuracy, field survey results that included at least five observations of both the presence and the absence of each species were required to obtain relatively reliable prediction (accuracy > 60%). Using the developed model, important habitat conditions for each species were identified, which showed the importance of low-flow events for more than 10 species, including Hypomesus nipponensis and Rhinogobius fluviatilis. The model also confirmed the positive effects of natural flow and the negative effect of river-crossing structures, such as dams and weirs, on the OP of most species. The suggested approach enables us to evaluate and project the ecological consequences of water resource management policy. The results demonstrate the applicability of the fish distribution model to provide quantitative information on the flow required to maintain fish communities.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Guest editor M. Acreman

Citation Sui, P., Iwasaki, A., Saavedra, V.O.C., and Yoshimura, C., 2013. Modelling basin-scale distribution of fish occurrence probability for assessment of flow and habitat conditions in rivers. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (3–4), 618–628.     

洪泽湖鱼类群落结构及其资源变化

根据2017-2018年在洪泽湖湖心、成子湖湾、保护区湖湾和淮河入湖口进行的鱼类资源调查,结合历年渔业捕捞统计数据,分析了该水域的鱼类群落结构及资源变化趋势.调查共采获鱼类51种,隶属10目16科41属,其中鲤形目种类最多,占总数的62.7%;群落优势种为鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）、（Hemiculter leucisculus）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、刀鲚（Coilia nasus）等7种,鱼类群落的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数处于一般至较丰富水平.不同类型湖区间鱼类种类及优势种组成存在一定差异,其中湖心、淮河入湖口的生物多样性指数整体高于成子湖湾、保护区湖湾.与历史资料相比,洪泽湖鱼类的物种数量下降,鱼类资源组成结构发生较大变化,鱼类个体小型化趋势明显,捕捞强度过大、水位波动和水质污染是洪泽湖渔业资源衰退的主要因素.     

Test of the host fish species of a unionoid mussel: A comparison between natural and artificial encystment

Many of the unionoid mussel species are threatened, and to be able to develop strategies for effective conservation, one of the needs is to distinguish host fish species from non-host fish species using reliable methods. Margaritifera margaritifera lives as a parasite on brown trout (Salmo trutta) and/or Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The aim was to compare the reliability of two methods measuring the host specificity of M. margaritifera in two rivers that flow out into Skagerrak in the Atlantic Ocean. A second aim was to compare the time- and cost-efficiency of the two methods. The methods were (1) natural encystment abundances on fish in their native streams using electrofishing, and (2) encystment abundances from controlled artificial infestation in aquaria, on fish that were sacrificed. In both rivers, young-of-the-year (YOY), but not older brown trout, were naturally infested with relatively low loads of glochidia larvae, while the Atlantic salmon was not infested at all. When using artificial infestation, both YOY and older brown had encysted glochidia larvae on their gills, while glochidia larvae were not able to develop in Atlantic salmon at all. Here, the encystment was higher on the brown trout from the Lärje River, and older brown trout from the Lärje River did not seem to have as strong immunity response compared to older brown trout from the Brattefors River. In summary, brown trout is the only host fish for M. margaritifera in these rivers. Both methods can be used to discriminate between host fish species, but the method measuring natural encystment seems most time- and cost-efficient. In addition, natural encystment can be measured using a non-destructive photo-method, and is therefore suggested to be used when discriminating between host fish species for M. margaritifera.     

三峡库区涪陵江段产漂流性卵鱼类的早期资源及其对水文和水温特征的响应

三峡水库调度运行改变了库区江段的水文情势,影响漂流性卵苗在库区江段内的时空分布特征。在水库低水位运行时,具有流水生境特征的库中和库尾江段是产漂流性卵鱼类在整个三峡库区内重要的产卵江段。了解三峡库中和库尾江段产漂流性卵鱼类的早期资源状况及其对水文和水温特征的响应关系,对于采取适宜的保护措施促进鱼类早期资源的恢复具有重要的意义。本文通过2017—2020年5—7月在库中涪陵断面进行的逐日早期资源监测,了解三峡库中和库尾江段产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源的种类组成、产卵规模、产卵场分布及其年际变动特征,并采用随机森林(RF)模型,分析鱼类逐日产卵规模变动与水文、水温格局及其过程的关系,辨识影响不同种类产卵规模变动的关键水文及水温要素。结果表明:2017—2020年共采集到漂流性鱼卵21种,包括长江上游特有鱼类鱼卵3种;以圆筒吻鮈Rhinagobio cylindricus、蒙古鲌Chanodichthys mongolicus、贝氏(?)Hemiculter bleekeri等6种鱼类的鱼卵为主,占总采集鱼卵数的88.76%;各年的鱼卵规模分别为83.04×10⁸、14.29×...